The 14th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology (2019 Global Waste Forum)

21-24 March 2019

Anupam Khajuria

Researcher

Outcome of the 9th Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific

Male 3R Declaration (99

private resorts)Ha Noi 3R Declaration (2013-2023)

1st

Forum

Japan

2009

Tokyo 3R

Statement

Singapore

Recommendation

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development / SDGs

2nd East Asia Summit - Environment

Ministers Meeting (EAS EMM), Brunei, 2010

Endorsed Regional 3R Forum in Asia

and the Pacific

Surabaya 3R

Declaration

Adelaide 3R

Declaration on

Circular Economy

Indore 3R

Declaration on

Clean Water, Land,

Air in Cities

2nd

Forum

Malaysia

2010

3rd

Forum

Singapore

2011

4th

Forum

Vietnam

2013

5th

Forum

Indonesia

2014

6th

Forum

Maldives

2015

7th

Forum

South

Australia

2016

8th

Forum

India

2018

9th

Forum

Thailand

2019

Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific

Bangkok 3R Declaration

Towards Prevention of

Plastic Waste Pollution

through 3R and Circular

Economy

3R for Green Economy

3Rs for Sustainable Cities and

Human Settelment (Healthy & Safe)

3Rs for Costal & Marine Ecosystem

Needs for Innovative Partnerships

10th

Forum the

Russian

Federation

2020

Ha Noi 3R Declaration

‐ Sustainable 3R Goals for Asia and the Pacific for 2013‐2023 (Adopted at the Fourth Regional 3R Forum in Asia, 18 -20 March 2013, Ha Noi, Viet Nam (300 participants

from 30 Asia-Pacific countries)

- aims to provide an important basis and framework for Asia-Pacific countries to voluntarily develop and

implement 3R policies and programs, including monitoring mechanisms, towards transitioning to a

resource efficient and zero waste society.

Consisting of 33 goals under the following areas:

I. 3R Goals in Municipal/Urban areas (4 Goals)

II. 3R Goals in Industrial Areas (5 Goals)

III. 3R Goals in Rural/Biomass Areas (2 Goals)

IV. 3R Goals for New and Emerging Wastes (5 Goals)

V. 3R Goals for Cross‐cutting Issues – labour, health,

education, gender, data and information, etc. (17 Goals)

Major outcome of 4th Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific

Technologies

Resource

Efficiency

3R and resource efficiency measures

can provide many complimentary

benefits in making the cities and

societies resilient;

Rural

Development

Resilient cities and

communities

Policy

transformation

Need for insight to policy

transformation towards

resource efficient vis-à-vis

circular economic

development in Asia and the

Pacific;

Need to harness multiple benefits of

circular economic development approach

in achieving the SDGs under the 2030

Agenda for Sustainable Development;

Biomass waste in rural economy: 3R programmes

and practices can provide circular economy

opportunities in rural areas of Asia and the Pacific;

3R technologies are key

enablers for creating

sustainable business

opportunities towards

economic success of the

Asia and the Pacific;3R and resource efficiency measures can provide

many complimentary benefits in making the cities

and societies resilient;

Circular Economy

Opportunity

Triangular

Cooperation

Countries need to recognize the

importance of triangular cooperation

(government-private sector-scientific

and research organizations) in

advancing 3R research and

development (R&D), technology

transfer and technology evaluation;

SMEsGovernments need to

assist SMEs to integrate

resource efficiency in

their entire supply chain

through appropriate

policy, institutional and

financial measures and

partnership mechanisms;

Towards the Promotion of Circular Economy in Achieving Resource Efficient Societies in Asia and the

Pacific under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development(Adopted at the Seventh Regional 3R Forum in Asia, 2-4 November 2016, Adelaide, South Australia) (340 participants from 41

Asia-Pacific countries)

Major outcome of 7th Regional 3R Forum in Asia-Pacific

Major outcome of 8th Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific

Source: Chair’s summary of 7th Regional 3R forum 2016

3Rs and

Clean Air

3Rs and

Clean Land

3Rs and

Clean Water

Resource Security

and 3R

Technologies

Zero Waste

Society

Greening SMEs

Protection of

Coastal and

Marine Ecosystem

Financing 3R

Potential for

resource

efficiency and

waste

minimization

Transformati

on of 3R

policies and

strategies

Wealth

from

waste

New

business

opportunity

Environmental

good, services

and Green jobs

3R

infrastructure

Eco-industrial

parks and Eco-

town

Triangular

CooperationIndore 3R Declaration of

Asian Mayors on Achieving

Clean Water, Clean Land

and Clean Air in Cities (40 Mayors signed at the Eighth

Regional 3R Forum in Asia, 9-12

April 2018, Indore, India (700

participants from 40 Asia-Pacific

countries)

Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific- in Numbers

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th

Month/ YearNov.

2009

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Mar.

2013Feb. 2014 Aug. 2015

Nov.

2016

Apr.

2018Mar. 2019

VenueTokyo,

Japan

Kuala

Lumpur,

Malaysia

SingaporeHanoi,

Viet Nam

Surabaya,

Indonesia

Male,

Maldives

Adelaide,

South

Australia,

Australia

Indore,

Madhya

Pradesh,

India

Bangkok,

Thailand

No.

Countries15 15 23 30 33 31 41 40 39

No.

Participants

More

than

100

130 150 300 500 300 340 700More than

550

Next upcoming 10th Regional 3R Forum in the Russian Federation in 2020

Acts and achievements: Regional 3R Forum

Moving from

linear economy

to circular

economy

Linear to Circular economy

Moving from

negative loop

to positive loop

Source: Adapted from United Nations, 2015

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals

Relevance of 3Rs in 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development/SDGs

Source: Adapted from United Nations, 2015

A circular economy promotes the

notion of waste as a resource further,

to a systems approach considering

how biological and technical

materials move throughout the

economy.

Decouple economic growth and

development

Enables a high standard of living

and quality of life.

Conserving finite resources and

protecting the environment for

future generations.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation.

Transitioning to the circular economy will catalyze the most transformational economic, social

and environmental changes since the First Industrial Revolutionhttp://docs.wbcsd.org/2017/06/CEO_Guide_to_CE.pdf

Circular Economy

Circular Economy : AdvantagesCircular Economy focuses on: Minimizing the use of resources

Reusing the product, service

Sustainably designing the product and services

Improving the system efficiency

Minimizing the system externalities

Ellen MacArthur Foundation.

Circular Economy generates 4 technological needs: advanced collection, sorting and recycling….apps, sensors,

robots,..

efficient materials processing….machine learning,

artificial intelligence,..

production to support design for circularity….3D printing,

disassembly, repairability,..

interactive platforms….apps, websites, databases, IoT,…

Integrating Industry 4.0 for Circular Economy

The new set of diverse and complex set of technologies are crucial for promoting transition to

circular economy at a higher level.

These range from Internet Of Things, 3D printing to Artificial Intelligence and machine to

machine computing. Source: 8th Regional 3R Forum, presentation circular economy and 4.0 industry

Outcome (1.1): Sufficiency Economy Philosophy

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy: Thailand’s Path towards Sustainable Development Goals

“The Philosophy

of Sufficiency

Economy Seeks

to Achieve

Balance and

Sustainability at

All levels”

Agricultural sector: encourages

a holistic farm management system

Healthy communities:promotes well-being of people, environment, society and culture

Climate change: promotes green production and conserving ecosystems

Economic stability: encourages risk management becoming resilient to uncertainties

Human capacities and capabilities: fosters good business practices, good governance

Water resources:highlights

the importance of improving water quality, restoring water-related ecosystems

Strong government institutions:

inspires enlightened leadership and encourages

people-centred development

Partnerships towards sustainable development:

is a guiding light at TICA

Outcome (1.2): Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP) for SDGs

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy: Thailand’s Path towards Sustainable Development Goals

Outcome (2.1): Plastic Economy to Circular Economy & SDGs

Five SDGs (SDG 6, 11, 12, 14

and 15) are relevant to reducing

the inputs and impacts of waste

plastic on terrestrial & marine

ecosystem.

Coverage: sustainable

management of water and

sanitation; sustainable

consumption and production;

inclusive, safe, resilient and

sustainable use of terrestrial &

marine ecosystem while ensuring

their protection, restoration &

conservation.

Source: 8th Regional 3R Forum, presentation on plastic waste

3R plus renewable principle on plastic

materials management through reduce, reuse,

separate collection, recycling, and heat

recovery with renewable resources.

Specifically, economically and technically, it

is required to reduce the use of plastics for

disposable containers & packaging and

products as well as to develop sustainable and

effective collection and recycling system for

used plastics.

Outcome (2.2): 3R plus Renewable principle-Plastic materials management

Reduce

Reuse

Recycle

Energy Recovery

Final Disposal

Hierarchical Measures for Wastes

Concept of 3Rs

Source: 8th Regional 3R Forum, pre-event-5th 3RINCs meeting

Japan new `Plastic Resource Circulation Strategy` based on 3R+Renewable

Outcome (3.1): 3R for Reconstruction [from Disaster events]

MoEJ:

https://www.env.go.jp/press/files/jp/110165.pdf

Construction

Production

Energy & Heat

Construction

materialsRecycling

materials

Compost

Timbers

Metals

Recycling Disaster Waste

“Mixed waste” accounts for about 60% of disaster waste

Resources are sorted and recycled from the mixed waste as much

as possible (wood chips, concrete rubble, scrap metal etc.).

Outcome (3.2): Waste to Energy- SDG 7

Iwate prefecture:

http://www.pref.iwate.jp/dbps_data/_material_/_files/000/000/033/746/shishin-low02.pdf

Pellet fuel/ Woodchips

Sorted timbers from

mixed disaster waste Fuel for domestic heating

Boiler and heating systems

Senior residences

HospitalsPublic baths

Swimming pools Industries

Goal 7 : Ensure access to

affordable, reliable,

sustainable and modern

energy for all

Good utilization of

biomass from disaster

waste for reconstruction

of community.

Sorting wooden biomass

from mixed disaster waste.

Using sorted wooden

resource for heating

energy.

Living well, within environmental limits

SDG in a multilevel perspective

Outcome (4): Environmental limits and SDGs

Circular Economy is an enabler for climate policy- Identify and establish global policy

framework and create synergies with other policies, including biodiversity, agriculture, energy

and climate).

Embedding the Environment in SDGs,

criteria for assessing goals and its

targets:-

(i) Strong linkage of environment with

socio-economic developmental goals;

(ii) Decoupling of socio-economic

development from escalating resource

use and environmental degradation;

(iii) Coverage of critical issues of

environmental sustainability such as

important irreversible changes in the

global environment;

(iv) Take into account current global

environmental goals and targets,

(v) Scientifically credible and verifiable;

and

(vi) Progress must be “trackable”.

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/972embedding-environments-in-SDGs-v2.pdf and

https://www.wrforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/WRF19_Draft_Conclusions.pdf

State of 3R in Asia and the Pacific

Source: 8th Regional 3R Forum, State of 3R

Plastic consumption ranges from 0.13% to 0.75% of material

consumption

Importer of fossil fuel, the feedstock for manufacturing

plastics

Positive correlation exist between GDP growth rate and

plastic consumption in the region

Increasing trends of plastic consumption (Packaging 40 – 50

%)

Outcome (5): DPSIR framework related to plastic waste in Asia and the Pacific region

According to the DPSIR

framework there is a chain of

causal links starting with

‘driving forces’ (economic

sectors, human activities)

through ‘pressures’ (emissions,

waste) to ‘states’ (physical,

chemical and biological) and

‘impacts’ on ecosystems,

human health and functions,

eventually leading to political

‘responses’ (prioritization,

target setting, indicators).

Source: 8th Regional 3R Forum, report of State of 3R-Plastic report

Drivers

Increasing population

Urbanization

Economic growth

Pressures

Use of material

resources

Land use & land quality

changes

Climate change

State

State of air, soil, aquatic and

marine ecosystem due to

plastic consumption & waste

generation

Impacts

Impacts on terrestrial Ecosystem

Impacts on aquatic & marine

ecosystem

Health & socio-economic impacts

Natural capital & ecosystem services

Climate change

Responses

Policies, Regulations

Institutional Aspects

related to plastic waste

The participating 40 Mayors and local authorities of the 8th

Regional 3R Forum signed the voluntary and good-will Indore

3R Declaration on 11 April 2018.

6 Mayors and local authorities of the 9th Regional 3R Forum

signed the voluntary and good-will Indore 3R Declaration on 5

March 2019.

Source: 8th Regional 3R Forum 2018 and 9th Regional 3R Forum 2019

Indore 3R Declaration of Asian Mayors on Achieving Clean Water, Clean Land and Clean Air in Cities

Sound management of 3R

Circular economic

development

Sustainable waste

management

Resource efficiency

Bangkok 3R Declaration Towards Prevention of Plastic Waste Pollution through 3R and Circular Economy

Identify gaps in existing laws and institutions and regulations

Reinforce the ongoing 3R and sustainable waste management actions and measures

Develop effective 3R policies and programmes

Upscale the reusing and the recycling towards circular economic utilization

Support various innovative solutions and necessary research and

development programmes

Promote greening the supply chain and multi-use alternatives; and Promote

environment friendly bio-economy

Promote multilayer collaboration

Public-private-partnership (PPP) in order to implement various 3R programmes

towards prevention and proper management of plastic waste

Attach significance of 3R and circular economy

Important role of private, business and industry sectors in mainstreaming 3R as

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)Source: 8th Regional 3R Forum, Bangkok 3R Declaration

Prevention of Plastic

Waste Pollution

Promotion of 3R and

Circular economy

Thank you very much!