outline of isdb-t(nhk takada).pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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Dec. 8, 2009
Masayuki TAKADANHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories
Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting
ISDB-T,outline and transmission scheme
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Contents
1. Introduction2. Transmission scheme of ISDB-T
Digital modulation
OFDM
Interleaving
Hierarchical transmission
3. Comparison of 3 DTTB systems
4. Current services of ISDB-T in Japan5. ISDB-T receivers on the market
6. Summary
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1. Introduction
Requirements for DTTB, and features of ISDB-T
History and schedule of ISDB-T
DTTB(Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting)
ISDB-T(Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial)
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Requirements for DTTB
For success of DTTB introduct ion
Requirements fo r DTTB
Attract ive broadcast ing serv ice High quality TV and sound (HDTV, 5.1 surround)
Anytime information access (Data, Internet)
Robustness against interference
Mob i le and portable recept ionAnytime, anywhere TV service (HD mobile and One-Seg)
Effect ive Frequency Uti l izat ion SFN (Single Frequency Network)
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What is ISDB-T ?
One of the DTTB systems in the wo rld
There are 3 systems recommended in ITU-R BT1306.
ISDB-T, DVB-T and ATSC
The mos t f lex ible system HDTV, multi-SDTV, EPG, data-casting, internet-access,
mobile reception, Cellular phone TV, etc.
The most robu st system
OFDM, time-interleaving, etc.
Brazilian comparison test results proved it.
Developed in Japan
ISDB-T is ...
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ISDB-T transmissionfrom the broadcaster to the receivers
One TV channel
13 Segments
Fixed
Reception
1 segment 13 or 1 segment
Handheld
Reception
Handheld terminal
Home Receiver
Support 3 reception typesby one channel
13 segment
Receiver in Vehicle
TV station
diversity
reception
Mobile
Reception
Internet / Telephone modem
6
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ISDB-T realizes these services
HDTV
Merits
Multiple programs
2
Mobility
Data broadcasting
Interactive TVAdvanced caption etc.
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History and schedule of DTTB in Japan
1994 Technical requirements for DTTB studied at Council
1999 ISDB-T technical standard established in Japan
Dec. 2003 ISDB-T launched! (Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka)
Apr. 2006 One-Seg service started
Dec. 2006 ISDB-T started(at main cities of the whole country)
Jul. 2011 Analog TV Switched off
End of 1980' OFDM study started in NHK Labs.
2000 ISDB-T recommended in ITU-R
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2. Transmission scheme of ISDB-T
Features and key technologies of ISDB-T
Digital modulation
OFDM
Interleaving Hierarchical transmission
ISDB-T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting- Terrestrial)
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Channel coding
Outline of digital transmission
Source coding
Video/AudioSource
(Analog)
Digita-
lization
Com-
pression
Errorcorrection
coding
Digitalmodulation
Trans-mission
Digitaldemodulation
Errorcorrection
decoding
Source decodingVideo/Audio
Signal
(Analog)
Noise, Multipath,
Fading, etc
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Receiving environmentfor terrestrial TV broadcasting
Fixed reception
Multipath interference
Fading interference
Impulse, manmade noise
Shadowing
Handheld reception
Mobile reception
Receiving environment is very severe.
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Key technologies of ISDB-T
Key technologies adopted in ISDB-T
To overcome the terrestrial severe receiving
environment
OFDM
Time-interleaving (Freq.&Time interleave)
To realize the effective and smart transmissionHierarch ical transm issionby segmented OFDM
Realization of One-Seg service for handheld reception
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Digital modulation
In the case of digital modulation, amplitude,frequency or phase of carrier changes
digitally depend on digital data
ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)
modulate carrier amplitude
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)
modulate carrier frequency
PSK (Phase Shift Keying)
modulate carrier phase
0 011
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PSK and QAM
BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying)
uses two phases of carrier
QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
uses four phases of carrier
8PSK (8 Phase Shift Keying) uses eight phases of carrier
16QAM (16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
uses 4 levels in orthogonal phases (in-phase andquadrature phase)
64QAM (16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
uses 8 levels in orthogonal phases (in-phase and
quadrature phase)
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Constellations
I
Q
[0][1]
[ C ]
-A A I
Q
[00][01]
[11] [10]
[C1 C0]A
A-A
-A
I
Q
[000]
[001]
[011]
[010]
[100]
[101]
[111]
[110]
[C2 C1 C0]
A
-A
-A A
BPSK QPSK 8PSK
1bit/symbol 2bits/symbol 3bits/symbol
16QAM
4bits/s mbol
Q
I
64QAM
6bits/s mbol
I
Q
19
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BPSK modulation
input
pulses
cosine
BPSK
signal
=0 = ==0 =0
= =0
Signal space diagram
input data 0 1 0 0 1
20
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QPSK modulation
010100011010010101
binary input
QPSK out (I+Q)
Modulated : I
Modulated : Q
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
I data
Q data
-A
+A
-A
+A
Level Conv.
01 01 00 01 10 10 01 01 01 11
=5/4 = 7/4
=3/4 = /4
(00)(01)
(11) (10)
I
Q
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QPSK 8PSKBPSK
Comparison of PSK modulations
-2 -1 0 1 2
-1
0
1
I
Q
(10)(11)
(01) (00)
-2 -1 0 1 2-2
-1
0
1
2
I
Q
(011)
(001)
(111)
(010)
(000)(100)
(101) (110)
overlap
-2 -1 0 1 2-2
-1
0
1
2
I
Q (0)(1)
Noise
Transmission capacity HighLow
RobustnessStrong Weak
22
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Bit Error Rate / Carrier-to-Noise Ratio
10-1
5 10 15 2010-7
10-5
10-3
BER
C/N (Nyquist)
QPSKBPSK
Good
Good
8PSK 16QAM
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OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Multicarrier modulation method
500 8000 carriers
Modulation method of each carrier is
BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, etc.
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Features of OFDM
Robustnessagainst multipath interference
symbol duration is longer than single carrier modulation
guard interval is provided
Robustnessagainst frequency-selective fading
OFDM uses many carriers
SFN (Single Frequency Network)
frequency effective usage
Signal process using IFFT/FFT Poor against non-linearity
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OFDM waveform and spectrum
Frequency domain signalTime domain signal
+
+
+
=
+
+
+
+
+
=
GI Effective symbol duration
transmitting symbol S t)
Transmitting
Signal
FFT/IFFT
Carrier #k
Carrier #2
Carrier #1
1
0
))(2()(N
n
tfnj
n
nectS
Addition ofvarious carriers !!Frequency
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Fast Fourier Transform
Time Domain Frequency Domain
1KHzwave (1KHz)
FFT
IFFT
FFT
IFFT
wave (containing
various frequency)
Enables Frequency Analysis
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Overview of OFDM modulation
FFT
TransmissionTime domain
freqn=N
n=N-1
n=n=2
IFFT
freq
n=Nn=N-1
n=n=2
ModulationFrequency domain
DemodulationFrequency domain
QAM Mapping QAM Demapping
time
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Multipath Echo Interferences
NHKMain path
Multipath echo
= Delayed wave
Multipath echo interferes the receiving performance
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Signal Distortion by Multipath Echo
Transmitted signal
10MHz 10MHz
Received signal= includes Main path andMultipath Echo
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Why signal distorted ?
: / /
Frequency
PowerCarrier combined with same phase
C/N=large
Carrier combined with opposite phaseC/N=small
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Why Signal Distorted ?
Case of same phase composition
Main path
Looking onone carrier
Delay path
ReceivedSignal
=Main path
+Delay path
Freq
Power
Amplitude increase
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Why Signal Distorted ?
Case of opposite phase composition
Main path
Looking onone carrier
Delay path
ReceivedSignal
=Main path
+Delay path
Freq
Power
Amplitude decrease
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Guard Interval
In transmittingAdd partial copy of Effective Symbol
In demodulation extract only effective symbol duration
length from transmitting symbol and execute FFT
Able to eliminate the effects of multipath echo interference
within delay time of Tg [sec]
GuardInterval Tg Ts
ISDB-T Signal
Time Domain
EffectiveSymbol
copy signal copy signal
1008ms (*)126ms (*)
(*) figure of NHK
actually its flexible
Transmitting Symbol
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Effect of Guard Interval
Main path
Looking onone carrier
Delay path
Received
Signal
=Main path
+Delay path
Transmitting symbol
Symbol #NSymbol #N-1 Symbol #N+1
Time
Effective symbolGuard
Interval
Only use here for
demodulation (FFT)Non Continuous !!
Delay time
Able to eliminatenon continuous part
Performance of OFDM
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Performance of OFDMunder multipath distortion
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
Delay time [usec]
B
itErrorRate
50 1000 150
D/U = 0 dB
6 dB
10 dB 64QAM-OFDM
C/N = 30 dBguard interval
1
D/U Ratio of Desired wave (mainpath)
and Undesired wave(echo)
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Interleaving
38
InterleavingRandomization of data symbols
Carrier arrangement
time-sequence of symbols
An order is randomly changed.
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What is interleaving ?
Error
Correction
Transmit after interleaving
Deinterleave after receiving
Mass Data errorin specified area or frequency
Data
Frequency or time duration
Error
Correction
Error
Correction
Error
Correction
Data 1 Data 2 Data 3 Data k
Able to fix the mass data error
by Interleaving !!
Shuffle order of data
Transmitting
data
Actual
data
Received
data
Reorder
Data after
error
correction
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Effect of frequency interleaving
Good
10-2
10-1
90
92
94
96
98
100
Bit error rate
Cumu
lativecorrectreceptionrate(%)
3.5MHz
500kHz
1.5MHz 100kHz
Time interleave length : 48msec
Maximum Doppler frequency : 15Hz
Spectrum(Multipath distorted)
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Effect of time interleaving
flat fading,DQPSK,Mode=1,GI=1/8,FEC=1/2,RS=OFF
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
C/N[dB]
BER
Fd = 70 Hz
Fd = 20 Hz
Fd = 7 HzWithout
time interleaver
Fd = 7 Hz
Fd = 20 Hz
Fd = 70 Hz
With time interleaver
of 440 ms
Laboratory test resul ts
Witho ut time-interleaver
(Error remains even in
high C/N)
Better
Far from Tx Near to Tx
With tim e-interleaver
(No erro r at mo re than C/N=20dB )
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Hierarchical transmission
ISDB-T adopts hierarchical transmission system
by FDM (frequency division multiplexing) of Segment
Hierarchical transmission is realized by changing following
parameters
Modulation : QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, (DQPSK)
Error correction : Coding rate of convolutional code (1/2 - 7/8)
1/2 2/3 3/4 5/6 7/8
More robust
Higher capacity
QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
More robust
Higher capacity
Flexible hierarchical transmission
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Flexible hierarchical transmissionby segmented OFDM
Examples
1 layer
ISDB-T
- Consists of 13 OFDM segments
- Hierarchical transmission
by segmented OFDM
- Up to 3 layers For fixed receivers
For mobile receivers
For handheld receivers
frequency
6MHz(13 segments)
2 layers
3 layers
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Example of hierarchical transmission
Example
(2 layers transmission)
frequency
1 channel(13 segments)
LDTV, Audio, DataLayer A
Handheld reception
(One-Seg service)
Layer A
QPSKFEC=2/3
For handheld
service
Robust
transmission
mode
Fixed reception, Mobile
reception (HDTV,etc)
Layer B
64QAM
FEC=3/4
For HDTV
or Multi-SDTV
service
High capacity
transmission
mode
Layer B
HDTV or
Multi-SDTV
programs with Data
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RS(204,188)
20.1 dB
16.85 Mbps
215 ms
3/4
64 QAM
12
B1/8 (126 s)
1008 s
0.992 kHz
5.572 MHz5617 (8k FFT)
Transmission parameters used in Japan
6.6 dBRequired CN ratio for AWGN
416 kbpsInformation bit rate
430 msTime interleaving length
RS(204,188)Outer error correction code2/3Coding rate of inner code (convolutional code)
QPSKCarrier modulation
1Number of segments
AHierarchical transmissionGuard interval ratio (length)
Usable symbol duration
Carrier spacing
Used bandwidthNumber of carriers
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Features of ISDB-T transmission system
1. Robustnessagainst interference(1)Adopt OFDM transmission system
(2)Adopt time interleaving; very effective for various kinds of interference
(3)Adopt concatenated error correction with plural interleaver
2. HDTVfor fixed/mobile and One-Segfor portable/handheld
can be transmitted simultaneously in one TV channel(1)Hierarchical transmission by segmented OFDM
(2)Partial reception of center one-segment for handheld service
3. Efficient frequency utilization(1)Adopt OFDM transmission system; SFN operation
(2)Adopt hierarchical transmission; service for different type of reception in one
frequency channel
4. Flexibility for several type of service/reception style
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3. Comparison of 3 DTTB systems
Features of 3 DTTB systems
Results of comparison tests
Summary of comparison
f 3
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Key parameters of 3 DTTB systems
3.65 -23.2 Mbps3.69 -23.5Mbps19.39 MbpsInformation bit rate
time
Frequency
Bit/Symbol
TMCCTPS-Configuration
6 / 7 / 8 MHz6 / 7 / 8 MHz6 / 7 / 8 MHzChannelbandwidth
1/4, 1/8,1/16,1/321/4,1/8,1/16,1/3211.5%Excess Bandwidth/
Guard Interval
0s, 0.1s,0.2s,0.4s--
YesYesYesInter-
leaving YesYes-
SegmentedOFDM
(DQPSK,QPSK,16QAM,64QAM)
OFDM(QPSK,
16QAM,64QAM)
8VSBModulation
ISDB-TDVB-TATSCSystem
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Results of Brazilian Tests
Comparison tests for three DTTB systems
- ATSC, DVB-T, ISDB-T
Carried out from Aug. 1999 to April 2000
Selected transmission parameters
- Almost same transmission bit rateATSC
Fixed, 8VSB FEC=2/3 (19,39 Mbit/s)
DVB-T
DVB-2K : 64QAM FEC=3/4 GI=1/16 2K (19,75 Mbit/s)
ISDB-T ISDB-4k : 64QAM FEC=3/4 GI=1/16 4K 0,1s (19,33 Mbit/s)
(From the presentation of the Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000)
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Impulse noise
Better performance of the ISDB-T system, by introducing
time interleaving
(From the presentation of Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000)
Relation between the noise pulse width & interference to signal ratio
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 100 200 300 400
Pulse width (us)
"I"/C
(dB)
ATSC - Chip A
DVB - NDS - 3/4 1/16 2K
ISDB - NEC - 3/4 1/16 4K 0,1s
Bette
r
ISDB-T
ATSC
DVB-T
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Outdoor : Coverage
(From the presentation of Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000)
Success on Receiving - Cumulative Function
Criterion: Number of Errors < 5
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Distance (km)
Percentage
ofSites
ATSC DVB-2k ISDB-T
Better
ISDB-T
DVB-T
ATSC
E f i t t lt
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Essence of comparison test results
The OFDM modulation scheme is suitablefor DTTB in real broadcast circumstances.
Time interleaving scheme, adopted in ISDB-
T, is a key technology for mobile digitaltransmission and is also effective to copewith impulse noise degradation.
ISDB-T showed the best resultsin Brazils
comparison tests, and other countries suchas Chile, Peru, Philippine, etc.
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4. Current services of ISDB-T in Japan
HDTV, SDTV multi-program,
EPG (Electric Program Guide)
Data broadcasting, Interactive
One-Seg (Handheld)
EWS (Emergency Warning System)
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Powerful applications of ISDB-T
HDTV
High quality image on wide
screen and CD quality sound.
Multi-channel program
Standard qualitymulti-channel service
Local news and weather forecast
for viewers at any time.
Data broadcasting
Interactive service
Offers Interactive service
One-Seg service
Anytime, anywhere,
TV service
Stable reception service
Mobile reception
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HDTV
High Definition Television Program The high quality images on a 169 wide screen and
CD-quality sound make you feel as if you were at thetheater.
European broadcasters have opted for multi-channel strategy, but Japanese broadcasters havechosen to take advantages of high definitionpictures.
HDTV is a killer application.
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Multi channel program (SDTV)
ISDB-T can transmit multiple SDTVprogramssimultaneously in oneTV channel.
SD-1 SD-2 SD-8 -----
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EPG
EPG (Electronic Program Guide)
An Electronic Program Guide (EPG) isan interactive schedule of current andupcoming programs that a viewer can
display on-screen simply by pressing abutton on a remote control unit.
O S i f h dh ld i
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One-Seg service for handheld receiver
Example parameterTransmission Mode 3Guard Interval 1/8Modulation QPSKCode Ratio 2/3Bit Rate 416 Kbps
Display Image
Data service
On-air program Video (H.264)
180-256kbps
Audio (AAC-SBR)32-64kbps
Data-cast (BML)20-80kbps
Eme genc Wa ning S stem
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Emergency Warning System
Schematic diagram for disaster prevention service
TextPossibility of a flood inthe xxx river hasincreased.Residents in thesurrounding areas
should evacuate. Areasaffected are as follows.
Image
Emergencyevacuation
areas
Test Server
TV station Evacuationrecommenda
tion order
Transmission without congestion
On-air wavesStart signal
+Screen
BML automatic converter
Master room
EMG-button
Screendisplay
TunerpowerON
Mobile base station
Application to Disaster Prevention
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5. ISDB-T Receivers on the Market
TV set (PDP, LCD, CRT)(fixed reception home receiver)
STB (Set Top Box)
HDD/DVD recorder with digital tuner One-Seg receiver (Cellular phone)
HDTV mobile receiver for car TV
Portable player
Wide variety of ISDB T receivers
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Wide variety of ISDB-T receivers
TV set STB HDD/DVDrecorder
Cell phone
PCCar TV
Laptop
/ handheld PC Handheld
TV
ISDB T receivers for fixed reception
http://121ware.com/psp/PA121/LEARN/ENTP/h/?tab=LRN_Z_PC_0604_VSW_ST -
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ISDB-T receivers for fixed reception
Panasonic SONY Toshiba Hitachi
SANYO PioneerSharp
Mitsubishi NANAOEPSON
Victor
Types of fixed reception digital receivers (HDTV)
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Types of fixed reception digital receivers (HDTV)
(Plasma Display type) (LCD type)
(CRT type)
(Rear Projection type)
PCs with ISDB T tuner (HDTV)
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PCs with ISDB-T tuner (HDTV)
Set Top Box (DTTB Tuners)
http://www.nec.co.jp/http://121ware.com/psp/PA121/LEARN/ENTP/h/?tab=LRN_Z_PC_0604_VSW_SThttp://www.fmworld.net/common/fj/index.htmlhttp://www.fmworld.net/common/fj/index.html -
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Set Top Box (DTTB Tuners)
SHARP TU-HD200
SONY DST-TX1 PANASONIC TU-MHD500
HDD/DVD recorders with DTTB tuner
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SHARP
TOSHIBA
Panasonic
SANYO
HITACHI
SONY
Pioneer
Victor
HDD/DVD recorders with DTTB tuner
Cellular Phones for One-Seg
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Cellular Phones for One-Seg
PCs with ISDB-T tuner (One-Seg)
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PCs with ISDB-T tuner (One-Seg)
Tune
r
USB type ISDB-T Tuners for One-Seg
http://www.fmworld.net/common/fj/index.html -
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79
USB type ISDB-T Tuners for One-Seg
Portable DVD Playersi h ISDB T (O S )
http://www.pctv-hiwasa.com/http://www.logitec.co.jp/http://buffalo.jp/http://www.logitec.co.jp/press/photo/photo_350/ldt1s100u.jpghttp://www.sanwa.co.jp/index.html -
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with ISDB-T tuner (One-Seg)
Other Portable One-Seg devices
http://panasonic.jp/http://www.toshiba.co.jp/ -
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81
Other Portable One Seg devices
Portable Audio Player
Portable Navigator
Portable Electronic Dictionary
Portable TV
Mobile receivers for car TV system(HDTV / O S )
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82
(HDTV / One-Seg)
Pioneer GEX-P7DTV
Alpine TUE-T300Fujitsu Ten DTV105
Panasonic TU-DTV100, TU-DTV20
Mitsubishi TU-100DSANYO NVP-DTA10
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6. Summary
Summary
-
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8484
Summary
ISDB-Tis the most robusttransmission system
Adopting OFDM and time-interleaving
Brazil, Chile, Peru, Philippine, etc. confirmed
ISDB-T performance is the best.
HDTV(orSDTV multi-channel) and One-Seg
(handheld TV service) can be transmitted
simultaneously in a channel ISDB-T enables both digital TV service for fixed and
mobile (handheld) by just one transmission facility
HDTV and mobile TV (One-Seg) us ing ISDB-Tis
successfully progressing in Japan.
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Muchas Gracias!
Thank You for Your Attention!