outline of topics 1. the story of atom 2. subatomic particles 3. j.j. thomson 4. milikan middle...
TRANSCRIPT
OUTLINE of TOPICS
1. The Story of Atom2. Subatomic Particles3. J.J. Thomson4. Milikan Middle School5. E. Rutherford6. The Periodic Table7. Counting on Atom
1. The Story of Atom
1. What are some major components in a story?
2. What are some things that all stories must have?
1. The Story of Atom
How we know what we know about the Atom
OBJECTIVE: Understand the development of how the idea of an “atom” came about
1. The Story of Atom
1. The Story of Atom
1. The Story of Atom
In order to understand WHY we know and HOW we know this is what an atom looks like, we need to learn about the story of the atom.
Early human civilizations organized “stuff” into four categories: Earth, Air, Fire, Water
1. The Story of Chemistry
1. The Story of Atom
1. The Story of Atom
The first known writing that has the word “ATOM” is from Greece.
It was written around 400 B.C. by a philosopher named Democritus, Δημόκριτος
1. The Story of Atom
Democritus’ idea was…
Everything that exists is made up of this “thing.”
This thing cannot be separated or divided
into something smaller.
He called this thing an ATOM.
1. The Story of Atom
ATOM = a Greek word
Temnein = to cut or divide
a = prefix meaning not
a + temnein = atomatom = unable to cut
1. The Story of Atom
Democritus’ idea was…
Everything that exists is made up of this “thing” that cannot be broken, separated, or divided into something smaller.
He called that “thing” an ATOM.
1. The Story of Atom
Democritus’ idea of the atom is…
An observation?A hypothesis?
An experiment?A law?
A theory?
1. The Story of Atom
Democritus’ idea of the atom is…
A hypothesis because his idea could not be tested.
1. The Story of Atom
IMPORTANT!!!
Democritus’ idea of atom =/=
1. The Story of Atom
1. Democritus2. Alchemists during the Middle Ages –
wanted to convert one element to another.
3. 16th and 17th century; 1500’s – 1600’s4. 18th century: 1700’s – 1800’s
1. The Story of Atom
3. 16th and 17th century; 1500’s – 1600’s
Robert Boyle – worked with gases, and looked at pressure and volume.
Robert Boyle is important because he came up with the idea, the concept, of an ELEMENT.
1. The Story of Atom
3. 16th and 17th century; 1500’s – 1600’s
Robert Boyle is important because he came up with the idea, the concept, of an ELEMENT.
Now that we knew about ELEMENTS, people began to identify many things as elements.
Most of these “things” were metals
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’sAntoine Lavoisier
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
Antoine Lavoisier – saw that when a chemical change takes place, the mass does not change.
something cannot be made from nothing,and
something cannot become nothing.
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
Antoine Lavoisier – saw that when a chemical change takes place, the mass does not change.
mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical or physical change.
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
“mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical or physical
change.”
Is this an observation? Is this a hypothesis?
Is this an experiment?Is this a law?
Is this a theory?
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
“mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical or physical
change.”
It is a law because it is a statement about WHAT nature does.
Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
Antoine Lavoisier is important because he showed that mass/matter cannot be created or destroyed.
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
Joseph Proust -
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
Joseph Proust – glucose is the same, C6H12O6, and it doesn’t matter it if is from grapes, honey, oranges, or apples because glucose will ALWAYS have 6 C’s, 12 H’s, and 6 O’s.
Or, to summarize this in your notes…
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
Joseph Proust – Joseph Proust – a compound always contains the same elements, and exactly the same amount in mass.
Example Glucose will always be made up of
C6H12O6
H2O will always be made up of 2 H and 1 O
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
Joseph Proust – a compound always contains the same elements, and exactly the same amount in mass. Example H2O will always be made up of 2 H and 1 O
Which part of the S.M. does this belong?
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
Joseph Proust – a compound always contains the same elements, and exactly the same amount in mass. Example H2O will always be made up of 2 H and 1 O
Which part of the S.M. does this belong?
It is a law.
Law of Definite Proportions
1. The Story of Atom
4. 18th century; 1700’s
John Dalton
1. The Story of Atom
Compound Mass of Element(g)
A 25B 50
1. The Story of Atom
Compound Mass of Element(g)
A 0.200
1. The Story of Atom
Compound Mass of Element(g)
A 0.200B 0.400
1. The Story of Atom
Compound Mass of Element(g)
A 0.200B 0.400C 0.600
1. The Story of Atom
Compound Mass of Element(g)
A 0.200B 0.400C 0.600D
1. The Story of Atom
Compound Mass of Element(g)
A 0.200B 0.400C 0.600D 0.800
1. The Story of Atom
John Dalton
Law of Multiple Proportion
1. The Story of Atom
John Dalton
Law of Multiple Proportion
1. The Story of Atom
John Dalton
Law of Multiple Proportion – when elements form two or more compounds, the mass of one element that combines with a mass of the other is in the ratio of small whole numbers.
1. The Story of Atom
John Dalton
is important because he took all the important ideas/laws and tried to explain them using the
concept of an atom.
He proposed a theory that all matter is made up of indivisible things called atoms.
He called this theory
THE ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER
Why is his idea a theory and not a law?
1. The Story of Atom
1. The Story of Atom
Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter
1. All matter is composed of small particles called ATOMs, which cannot be divided
2. Atoms of a given element/compound are identical in their physical and chemical properties, does not matter where they are from.
3. Atoms of the same elements are identical, and different elements have different types of atoms
4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple, whole- number ratios to form compounds
5. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged but never created, destroyed, or changed
1. The Story of Atom
Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter
1. All matter is composed of extremely small particles called ATOMs, which cannot be subdivided - DEMOCRITUS
2. Atoms of a given element are identical in their physical and chemical properties – LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
3. Atoms of the same elements are identical, and different elements have different types of atoms – BOYLE
4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple, whole- number ratios to form compounds – LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
5. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged but never created, destroyed, or changed – LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
1. The Story of AtomSummary & Review
1. Democritus is important because…
2. Dalton is important because…
3. Law of Conservation of Mass means…
4. When a log completely burns in a campfire, the mass of the ash is much less than the mass of the log. What happened to the “missing” mass?
The question above is related to which of the three laws?