ov 9 - 1 copyright © 2013 logical operations, inc. all rights reserved. wan infrastructure wan...
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OV 9 - 1Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
WAN Infrastructure
WAN Transmission Technologies WAN Connectivity Methods Voice over Data Transmission
OV 9 - 2Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
ATM
Cell switching technologyCell switching technology
53 byte cell53 byte cell
OV 9 - 3Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Frame Relay
DCEDCE
Customer network DTECustomer network DTE
FRBS provides reliable communication and efficient
error-handling
FRBS provides reliable communication and efficient
error-handling
OV 9 - 4Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
MPLS
Performs label switchingPerforms label switching
OV 9 - 5Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
DSL
PSTN
Transmits digital signals
on phone lines
Transmits digital signals
on phone lines
OV 9 - 6Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISDN
ISDN Adapter
ISDN Switch
Packet data network
Circuit-switched data network
Private network
TelcoSubscriber
OV 9 - 7Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
T-Carrier Systems
T-Carrier circuitT-Carrier circuit
T-1: 24 channels
T-3: 672 channels
OV 9 - 8Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Digital Network Hierarchies
Digital networks have two hierarchical structures: Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
Data moves on an optical fiber using LEDs Basic data transmission occurs at a rate of 155.5 Mbps
OV 9 - 9Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
SONET/SDH
Routes between regional networksRoutes between
regional networks
Joins multiplecollector ringsJoins multiplecollector rings
DCS to place customer’s signal on ring
DCS to place customer’s signal on ring
Regional network
Broadband backbone network
Collector ring
Integrated management
LAN
OV 9 - 10Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Optical Carrier System
The OC standard: Specifies the bandwidth for fiber optic transmissions Is based on DSH with data rate: 810 channels An open-ended standard
OV 9 - 11Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Satellite Transmission Systems
A satellite-based network: Offers immense geographical coverage STS are used as an alternative to conventional communications STS is a cost-effective method to transmit information to different locations
globally
Satellite communications systems: Use LOS microwave transmission Consist of two segments
Space – Contains one or more satellites organized into a constellation and a ground station. Ground – Provides access from Earth stations to the satellite
Contains three basic types of terminals – Fixed, Transportable and Mobile.
OV 9 - 12Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Satellite Transmission Systems (Cont.)
Data transmission using LOSData transmission using LOS
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WWAN
OV 9 - 14Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
WiMAX
Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX): Is a packet-based wireless telecommunication technology that provides
wireless broadband access over long distances. Based on the IEEE 802.16 standard it is intended for wireless MANs. Provides fixed and mobile broadband access. Covers a range of about 30 miles for fixed stations and 3 to 10 miles for mobile
stations. Provides line of sight and non-line-of-sight communications. Provides connection speeds of about 70 Mbps. Operates in the wireless frequency ranges of between 2 and 11 GHz of the
wireless spectrum.
OV 9 - 15Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
WiMAX (Cont.)
30 miles of coverage for fixed stations
30 miles of coverage for fixed stations
3 to 10 miles of coverage for
mobile stations
3 to 10 miles of coverage for
mobile stations
OV 9 - 16Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cable Internet Access
Cable TV feed
Cable TV feed
Cable modem
ISP
TV signalTV signal
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Cable Modems
Are hardware devices that connect subscribers to the service provider's cable systems.
Use twisted pair cabling and a 10/100 network port or USB connection. Connect on one end to the subscriber's computer and on the other end to the
wall jack using coaxial cabling. Can function reliably for speeds up to 27 Mbps. Operate at the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI Model.
Subscriber Cable modem Service provider
Connect subscribers to the service provider’s cable systemsConnect subscribers to the service provider’s cable systems
OV 9 - 18Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dial-Up Connections
Modem Modem
Provides WAN connectivity using modems and phone lines
Provides WAN connectivity using modems and phone lines
PSTNPSTN
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Dial-Up Modems
Sender ReceiverTelephone lineTelephone line
Dial-up modem
OV 9 - 20Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dial-Up Modems (Cont.)
Is a communication device that converts a computer's digital signals into analog signals before transmission over telephone lines.
Converts digital signals into analog and analog signals into digital. The word, modem, represents modulation and demodulation.
Can be either Internal – exist a part of motherboard and use the PC's power supply. External – connect via USB port as separate expansion boxes. Require separate
power supply
Is slow when compared to broadband modem.
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Leased Data Lines
Telco
Leased data lineLeased data line
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ICS
ICS host
ICS client
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Satellite Media
Signal transferred between physical link and satellite linkSignal transferred between
physical link and satellite link
OV 9 - 24Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Converged Networks
Allow all three types of traffic (voice, video and data) to move over the same network.
Convert digital signals into analog and analog signals into digital. Allow all three types of traffic to move over the same network. VoIP is the convergence of data, voice, and video networks.
Voice Video Data
OV 9 - 25Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Voice over Data Systems
Converts analog voice into digital dataConverts analog voice into digital data
Analog Digital
Voice device
OV 9 - 26Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
VoIP
VoIP Interface
PBX
VoIP-compatiblefax machine
VoIP-compatiblefax machine
OV 9 - 27Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
VoIP Protocols
VoIP protocols include: Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Session Description Protocol (SDP) Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)
OV 9 - 28Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reflective Questions
1. Which WAN technologies do you expect to work with on your home and office networks? Why?
2. In your opinion, what is the future for the implementation of voice over data systems on conventional networks?