overflow emergency response plan

Overflow Emergency Response Plan (OERP)

OVERFLOW EMERGENCY

RESPONSE PLAN

May 2019

Plan Contents

Section A: Introduction and Purpose

Section B: Scope

Section C: Sanitary Sewer System Description

Section D: Available Resources

Section E: Responsibilities

Section F: Sewage Spill Response Procedures

Section G: EH&S Response

Section H: FS/RSSP/BGC Response

Section I: Sampling

Section J: Notification and Reporting Procedures

Section K: Public Health Notifications

Section L: Changes to the Emergency Response Plan

Note: Anything in a light green box outlines information that is specific to one of the three sewer collection systems that UC Berkeley manages:

UC Berkeley CS (UCB) – WDID: 2SSO10210

UC Berkeley – Berkeley Global Campus at Richmond Bay (BGC) – WDID: 2SSO10210

University Village Albany CS (UVA) – WDID: 2SSO10210


Section A: Introduction and Purpose

Sanitary sewers on the UC Berkeley campus and in the surrounding City of Berkeley, City of

Albany, City of Richmond, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory can occasionally

overflow due to breaks or blockages in the sewer lines. These overflows can result in

discharges of raw sewage into surface water/storm drains and eventually into San Francisco

Bay. In order to protect public health and the environment from raw sewage and any chemicals

that may be contained in the sewage, a quick, coordinated response is needed to stop the

source of the overflow and to eliminate the downstream migration of sewage.

These procedures have been developed in conjunction with the City of Berkeley, City of Albany,

City of Richmond and the Regional Water Quality Control Board to provide instructions for

campus departments responsible for responding to sewage spills, in order to maximize the

effectiveness of the control and cleanup of sanitary sewer discharges.

These procedures are saved in electronic format on the EH&S server and are available on the

EH&S website at: ehs.berkeley.edu/ssmp.

Section B: Scope

These procedures apply to sanitary sewer spills that have been, or are threatened to be,

released from UC Berkeley’s three enrolled sanitary sewer systems (UC Berkeley CS, UC

Berkeley – Berkeley Global Campus at Richmond Bay CS, and University Village Albany CS).

These procedures apply to all sewage overflows caused by a failure of the sanitary sewer

system, which includes “any system of pipes, pump stations, sewer lines or other conveyances,

upstream of a wastewater treatment plant headworks used to collect and convey wastewater to

a publicly owned treatment facility” (WDR 2006-0003-DWQ). Laterals and mains located on UC

Berkeley property are all owned by UC Berkeley, unless otherwise specified in contractual

agreements. Procedures caused by a failure of a plumbing fixture are not included in this

response document. This document details procedures for response, spill cleanup, posting of

public health warnings and agency reporting.

http://ehs.berkeley.edu/ssmp


Section C: Sanitary Sewer System Description

UC Berkeley CS

The UC Berkeley CS is comprised of a network of pipes, sumps, pumps and manholes. This

system dates back to the 1890’s and portions of the existing system may be over a century old.

UC Berkeley CS has ~ 0.7 miles of forced mains and other pressure systems and ~9.4 miles of

gravity sewers.

In addition, potential up-gradient sources of sewage spills include City of Berkeley residential

and commercial districts and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The City of Berkeley

sewer system is also old, dating to the 1880’s, and deterioration of pipes is exacerbated by the

proximity of the Hayward Fault and associated ground movement.

UC Berkeley - Berkeley Global Campus (BGC) at Richmond Bay CS (formerly, Richmond

Field Station)

The Berkeley Global Campus at Richmond Bay is a satellite of the UC Berkeley campus, one of

the 10 University of California campuses governed by the Regents of the University of

California. The BGC sanitary sewer system connects with the City of Richmond sanitary sewer

system.

The Richmond Field Station portion of the BGC sewer system serves a population of 265.

There is approximately 1.8 miles of gravity sewers and 1.3 miles of laterals.

University Village Albany CS

The UVA sanitary sewer system connects with the City of Albany sanitary sewer system and

serves approximately 3,000 people. There is approximately 1.7 miles of gravity sewers and 1.5

miles of laterals. A majority of the sewer system piping was constructed between 1980 to

present. Belmont Village (a senior housing center), retail shop spaces and Sprouts Market are

considered Private Sewer Laterals, but are located on UC Berkeley property. These spaces

have contractual agreements to operate and maintain their sewer lateral.


SECTION D: AVAILABLE RESOURCES

Multiple departments are responsible for responding to sewage spills at UC Berkeley. Those

departments include: Office of Environment, Health and Safety (EH&S), Facilities Services

(FS), Residential Student Services Programs (RSSP) and Richmond Field Station Operations

(RFS Ops). All departments have personnel, materials, supplies and equipment to complete

some or all of the response. Outside contractors are available to aid in the repair of the sewer

system and cleanup of sewage.

The following is a list of available resources:

On-Campus Personnel Contact Information

Department Name Business Hours After Hours

EH&S (Environmental Protection and Urgent Response Support Program)

(510) 642-3073 (510) 642-6760

University of California Police Department (UCPD) (510) 642-6760 (510) 642-6760

Facilities Services (Plumbers and Laborers)

(510) 642-1032 (510) 642-1032

Residential Student Services Programs (510) 642-2828 (510) 642-2828

Richmond Field Station Operations (510) 665-3401 (510) 642-3333

Newmark Knight Frank (510) 548-5006 (510) 548-5006

Contract Assistance*

Type of Work Company Department Responsible for Contract

Response / Repair Roto-Rooter or equivalent FS / RSSP / RFS

Clean Up Various FS / RSSP / RFS

Sampling Cerco Analytical, Tetra Tech or EH&S (with McCampbell for the analytical results)

EH&S

* For phone numbers, see Attachment 1: Contractor Contact Information


Spill Response Equipment and Supplies

Spill response equipment and supplies are located in various places on UC Berkeley property.

In general:

EH&S equipment and supplies are located at the Hazardous Materials Facility (HMF)

and University Hall.

RSSP equipment and supplies are located at the University Village Albany Grounds

Yard and Clark Kerr Building 19 – Plumbing Shop.

FS equipment and supplies are located at 2000 Carleton Street and the Poultry Yard.

BGC equipment and supplies are located at the Berkeley Global Campus - Richmond

Field Station (Building 478, 197 and 117) and 1995 University Hall.

For a detailed inventory, see Attachment 2: Inventory

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

For information on PPE needed to respond to a sewage spill, see Sewer System Management

Plan – Appendix D - Resources. In addition, EH&S provides additional in-person training to

maintenance staff regarding environment, health and safety issues related to spills/sewage

including the types of proper PPE to use in various circumstances.

SECTION E: RESPONSIBILITIES

Following are departmental responsibilities for sewage spill response:

EH&S Responsibilities

Notify FS (510) 642-1032, RSSP (510) 642-2828 or RFS Ops (510) 665-3401 via the

Call Center with information about spill and response needs, if initial notification to EH&S

was not from either a FS, RSSP, or RFS Ops responder.

Report spill to appropriate regulatory agencies.

Post public health signs along affected areas, as needed.

Contact sampling contractors for water quality monitoring or clearance samples as

needed (see Attachment 3: Water Quality Monitoring Program Plan).

Collaborate with FS, RSSP or BGC responder to ensure SSO is responded to properly

and provide guidance to reduce environmental impacts.

Submit reports to Regional Board, State Board and other agencies as necessary.


FS / RSSP / BGC Responsibilities

Contact EH&S immediately when a sewage spill has been reported.

Mobilize resources to stop the source of the sanitary sewer discharge.

Contain the spill and barricade the area from public access.

Contact outside contractors if any additional resources are needed for repair or cleanup.

SECTION F: SEWAGE SPILL RESPONSE PROCEDURES

Detailed sewage spill response procedures for specific departments have been provided in

Section G: EH&S Response and Section H: FS/RSSP/BGC Response. However, if a large

event occurs that disrupts campus operations, procedures outlined in the UC Berkeley

Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) will be followed.

The following are general procedures for sewage spill response:

Upon notice or discovery of the sewage spill, notify the appropriate maintenance

department.

Contain the sewer overflow to the maximum extent possible by utilizing spill containment

devices (examples: sandbags, portable dikes, storm inlet covers, etc.) to keep spills

from entering the storm drain.

Determine the location and cause of the overflow. Assessment may include an

inspection of lift station pumps and downstream manholes.

Stop the SSO or stop the cause of the SSO.

Secure the affected area and post public health warning signs. Place barricades, cones,

and/or caution tape to secure the site from public access. (See Section K: Public

Health Notifications for triggers.)

Remove contaminated residual from storm pipes and attempt to recover all sewage from

the storm drain, if possible.

Clean and sanitize the affected area(s) and ensure that chlorinated cleanup water is not

discharged into the storm drain.

Notify the appropriate agencies.

Finalize the documentation for the incident by filling out the Sanitary Sewer Overflow

(SSO) Incident Reporting Form.

Review overall response with the responding parties.

Standard Operating Procedures for specific events can be found in Attachment 5: Standard

Operating Procedures.


Health and Safety Considerations

All employees have received spill clean-up training. All personnel responding to sewage spills

MUST be trained in the use of proper personal protective equipment and good hygiene

practices. Only employees with proper training will assist in the clean-up of sewage spills.


SECTION G: EH&S RESPONSE

Immediately following a report of a sewage spill, EH&S shall:

1. CALL FOR SPILL RESPONSE RESOURCES (if FS, RSSP or RFS hasn’t been notified

already):

Spill Location and Type Department Phone Number (Business Hours)

Phone Number (After Hours)

UC Berkeley CS Spill from an RSSP-owned/leased building Any other spill

Residential Student Services Programs (RSSP) Facilities Services (FS)

(510) 642-2828 (510) 642-1032

(510) 642-2828 (510) 642-1032

UC Berkeley - Berkeley Global Campus at Richmond Bay CS

Richmond Field Station (RFS Ops)

(510) 665-3401 (510) 642-3333

University Village Albany CS

Residential Student Services Programs (RSSP)

(510) 642-2828

(510) 642-2828

2. ASSESS THE SITUATION by coordinating with responders. If necessary, report to site if

conditions require EH&S assistance.

a. Document site conditions

b. Estimated quantity

c. Route of discharge (did it reach surface waters?)

3. CONTACT THE APPROPRIATE AGENCIES.

Trigger Timeline Name of Agency / Person Phone Number

SSO that is greater than or equal to 1,000 gallons discharged to surface water

As soon as possible, but not later than two hours

California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES)

(800)852-7550

As soon as possible, but not later than two hours

UCB: City of Berkeley Environmental Health Department

(510) 981-5310 (business hours) (510) 644-6620 (after hours – COB Public Works Dispatch)


BGC: City of Richmond UVA: City of Albany

Chad Davisson, General Manager at (510) 620-5486 (office) (510) 524-9543 (working hours)

SSO that enters downstream sewer agency’s jurisdiction

As soon as possible

UCB: City of Berkeley BGC: City of Richmond UVA: City of Albany

(510) 981-5310 (business hours) (510) 644-6620 (after hours – COB Public Works Dispatch) Chad Davisson, General Manager at (510) 620-5486 (office) (510) 524-9543 (working hours)

SSO that requires pumping surface water to the sanitary sewer

Prior to pumping to East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) or City of Richmond

UCB/UVA: EBMUD and Adam Kern, UCB EBMUD Representative BGC: City of Richmond

(510) 287-1651 (working hours) (510) 287-1458 (after hours) and (510)287-1622 (working hours) Chad Davisson, General Manager at (510) 620-5486 (office)

SSO that results in fish kill

As soon as possible

Department of Fish and Wildlife (DWF)

(707) 944-5500

SSO that involves hazardous materials

As soon as possible

UCB: City of Berkeley (COB) Toxics Management Division (TMD) UVA: City of Albany BGC: City of Richmond

(510) 981-7460 (business hours) (510) 644-6620 (after hours – COB Dispatch) (510) 524-9543 (working hours) Chad Davisson, General Manager at (510) 620-5486 (office)

4. If spill is entering surface water and triggers the need for water quality sampling:

a. Contact a SAMPLING CONTRACTOR to coordinate initial sampling (see

Attachment 3: Water Quality Monitoring Program Plan).


b. Post the creek with public health warnings as needed.

5. Fill out Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) Incident Reporting Form.


SECTION H: FS / RSSP / BGC PLUMBER RESPONSE

Immediately following a report of a sewage spill, FS, RSSP, and BGC shall:

1. Contact EH&S during business hours at (510) 642-3073 or UCPD after hours at (510)

642-6760. UCPD will contact an EH&S after-hours responder.

2. Respond to the site and contain the spill. If possible, plumbers should divert the sewage

to an alternate manhole (downstream or another sewer line) by pumping to eliminate the

release to the storm drains or turn off the water supply to the discharging building.

3. Correct the plumbing problem. Once the spill is contained, plumbers should correct the

problem. If necessary, Roto-Rooter or other contractors should be called for assistance.

4. If there is likelihood for pedestrian traffic to have access to the site, barricade the area.

5. Fill out Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) Incident Reporting Form for signature and

submittal to EH&S. The field reporting form should be submitted as soon as possible.

6. Coordinate clean up as needed.

SECTION I: SAMPLING

See Attachment 3: Water Quality Monitoring Program Plan for detailed instructions on

triggers for water quality monitoring.


SECTION J: NOTIFICATION AND REPORTING PROCEDURES

Reporting Procedures for the General Public

The general public should report sewage spills immediately to either:

Department Phone Number

Office of Environment, Health & Safety (510) 642-3073

UC Police Department (510) 642-6760

Reporting Procedures for Campus Employees

Campus employees should contact their appropriate maintenance department to handle

sanitary sewer overflows.

Department Phone Number

Facilities Services (FS) (510) 642-1032

Residential Student Services Programs (RSSP) (510) 642-2828

Richmond Field Station (RFS) (510) 665-3401


Reporting Procedures for EH&S

Reporting procedures vary depending on what spill category the SSO belongs to. The following

table defines the different categories of SSOs:

Category Name Definitions

Category 1 SSO Discharges of untreated or partially treated wastewater of any volume resulting from an enrollee’s sanitary sewer system failure or flow condition that:

Reach surface water and/or reach a drainage channel tributary to a surface water; or

Reach a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) and are not fully captured and returned to the sanitary sewer system or not otherwise captured and disposed of properly. Any volume of wastewater not recovered from the MS4 is considered to have reached surface water unless the storm drain system discharges to a dedicated storm water or groundwater infiltration basin.

Category 2 SSO Discharges of untreated or partially treated wastewater of 1,000 gallons or greater resulting from an enrollee’s sanitary sewer system failure or flow condition that do not reach surface water, a drainage channel or a MS4 unless the entire SSO discharged to the storm drain system is fully recovered and disposed of properly.

Category 3 SSO All other discharges of untreated or partially treated wastewater resulting from an enrollee’s sanitary sewer system failure or flow condition.

Private Lateral Discharges (PLSD)

Sewage discharges that are caused by blockages or other problems within laterals that are not operated or maintained by UC Berkeley.

See Sewer System Management Plan, Figure 2-2 Chain of Communication for SSOs in the

each site’s respective reporting procedures.


SECTION K: PUBLIC HEALTH NOTIFICATIONS

Authority to post and remove public health warnings

Authority to post and remove postings at UC Berkeley has been assigned to the Director of

EH&S. The Director has delegated the posting authority within EH&S when these procedures

are followed. In general, all posting is to be performed under the direction of EH&S.

Public health warnings can be removed upon the approval of the EH&S Director or delegated

EH&S staff member. If the SSO has migrated off UC Berkeley property, public health warning

signs must be coordinated with the consultation of the downstream agency, usually the

Environmental Health Department (example: for UC Berkeley CS - City of Berkeley’s

Environmental Health Division would be contacted).

Triggers for Posting

UC Berkeley Property

Barricades and warning signs should be posted whenever a sewage spill is detected or

suspected that may pose a public health concern. Public health postings should be

placed at visible locations where there is likelihood for the public to have access to the

contaminated area (which includes landscaped and paved areas).

Public health postings with high traffic (such as Lower Sproul paved areas, etc.) should

utilize multiple barricades such as cones in addition to caution tape. Traffic should be

redirected inside building structures so occupants do not come in contact with the

sewage as clean-up is occurring.

Posting is not necessary if a significant rainfall event occurs that adequately flushes the

contaminants from the site.

Non-UC Berkeley Property

In the event that sewage has been discharged off UC Berkeley property, the

downstream sewer agency must be contacted to coordinate posting. In general, the

downstream sewer collection system agency is responsible for posting, but the agency

may request assistance, in which case, UC Berkeley signs can be posted in locations

that they recommend.


Public Health Warning Statement and Placement

Stake Signage (for spills to the creek)

Following is the public health warning that may appear on signs posted along Strawberry

Creek on the UC Berkeley Central Campus. (Note: BGC and UVA may have similar

location-specific language.)

WARNING RAW SEWAGE IN WATER

AVOID CONTACT WITH CREEK WATER

This section of Strawberry Creek contains untreated sewage as a result of a sewer line failure. Do not drink or touch the water. Keep children and dogs away from the creek. The campus is

currently working on repairing the sewer.

For more information, contact the Office of Environment, Health & Safety at (510) 642-3073.

These warning signs should be placed in a conspicuous area on both sides of the creek,

in general, approximately every 100 feet. If necessary, caution tape should be strung

between signs, especially in areas where the chance of incidental contact with the creek

is greatest.

Other Signage

Laminated signage, such as the one below, can be posted in the area where there is

sewage spill contamination or where stakes aren’t feasible to use. Often times, a

barricade and caution tape may be sufficient to warn the public of the hazard if cleanup

is underway.


SECTION L: CHANGES TO THE OVERFLOW EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN (OERP)

DATE UPDATED

SECTIONS REVISED

NOTES AUTHOR OF CHANGE

CHANGE AUTHORIZED BY

9/2013 Title; Section B; Section I; Section J; Section L Added Section K, previously Section J Revised Attachment 1; Added new attachments 8 and 9 (placeholder)

Changed Title to include Central and East campus; Section B was revised to include new scope of procedures, previously did not include basements and landscaped areas; Section I was updated to include a placeholder for new scenarios; Section J renamed as Section K; Section K includes updated reporting procedures (MRP – effective 9/2013); Section J was added as placeholder for sampling protocols; Section L (previously Section K) was updated with City of Berkeley notifications Various agency names were changed (Cal EMA to Cal OES and Department of Fish and Game to Department of Fish and Wildlife). Attachment 1 was replaced with new MRP; Attachment 8 was added; Attachment 9 placeholder was added

Bernadette Dugtong, EH&S

Greg Haet, EH&S

12/2013 Added Estimating Spill Volumes guide; Attachment 3 and 5 removed; Re-numbered Sections;

Incorporated new Section for RSSP Plumbers; Worksheets for Estimating Spill Volumes (in progress); Removed Attachment 3 and incorporated information into Section L – Notification and Reporting Procedures; Revised Section L to incorporate new MRP requirements; Removed Attachment 5 due to similar information in Attachment 8


Greg Haet, EH&S

05/2014 Attachments; Section C

General Revisions

Minor revision to Attachment numbering

Removed previous Attachment 1 containing regulatory language, since it was duplicative of Appendix A

Section C

Revised Sewer System Descriptions for Richmond Field Station and University Village


Greg Haet, EH&S


DATE UPDATED

SECTIONS REVISED



09/2014 Section F

“Stop the source of the SSO” has been changed to “Stop the SSO or stop the cause of the SSO.

Section G

Trigger “SSO that exceeds 1,000 gallons to surface water” has been changed to “SSO that is greater than or equal to 1,000 gallons discharged to surface water.”

Section K

Added clarification regarding Environmental Health Department

Added posting is required for landscaped and paved areas with public access


Greg Haet, EH&S

12/2014 Attachment 6 Updated new Sanitary Sewer Overflow Incident Form


Greg Haet, EH&S

12/2015 All Revisions:

Global replace of “Richmond Field Station” to “Berkeley Global Campus at Richmond Bay”

Global replace of “Physical Plant-Campus Services” to “Facilities Services”

Global replace of “University Village Apartments” to “University Village Albany”

Global replace of “Richmond Field Station Operations” to “Berkeley Global Campus Operations”

Section B

Revised section to include: “Laterals and mains located on UC Berkeley property are all owned by UC Berkeley, unless otherwise specified in contractual agreements.” and removed sentence: “There are no private laterals in the collection systems.”

Section C

Updated Berkeley Global Campus sanitary sewer description to differentiate pipe

Bernadette Santos, EH&S

Greg Haet, EH&S


DATE UPDATED

SECTIONS REVISED



length between Richmond Field Station site and Regatta

Section

Updated EBMUD Representative from Deirdre Mena to Nadia Borisova

Section D

Change Sanitary Sewer Management Plan to Sewer System Management Plan

Attachment 7

Change Method #5 title from Open Channel Spill Estimation to Drop Bucket Method

Reformatted estimation spill volume procedures

Removed worksheets

2016 Sanitary Sewer Overflow Incident Form

Attachment 6: Updated Sanitary Sewer Overflow Incident Form format to match CIWQS database


Greg Haet, EH&S

05/2019 Various Title Page: Update date to “May 2019”

Global Replace: Change “Berkeley Global Campus Operations” to “Richmond Field Station Operations”

Section A: Removed “and/or laboratory wastewater”

Section B: Remove paragraph “Blockages in sewer pipes can occur when pipes become obstructed by tree roots infiltrating systems or by debris (such as debris from construction or domestic activities, or pieces of broken pipe). If the flow rate is sufficient, sewage can backup from the blockage and eventually escape the sewer system at an upstream low point, such as a manhole or floor drain.”, added details regarding UC Berkeley CS (sewer pipe lengths) and University Village Albany (Private sewer laterals).

Section D: Update Designated Spill Response Team to “Urgent


Greg Haet, EH&S


DATE UPDATED

SECTIONS REVISED



Response Support Program”; update tables to current contacts and equipment locations; minor grammatical change to sentence

Section G: Update EBMUD contact from “Nadia Borisova” to “Adam Kern”; revised number formatting; revised telephone number formatting

Section I: Slight correction to attachment title

Section J: Update PSLD definition as UC Berkeley now has PSLD’s within its sewer system. Previously, this category was not applicable.

Section K: Corrected text justification

Attachment 2: Updated EH&S vehicle names Attachment 3:

Water Quality Analyses – Protoco: Added McCampbell Analytical, Inc.

Update Plan to state that EH&S may collect the sample or call a sampling contractor.

Attachment 7:

Revised number formatting; revised title formatting


ATTACHMENTS


ATTACHMENT 1: CONTRACTOR CONTACT INFORMATION

SAMPLING CONTRACTORS

CERCO Analytical, Inc.

Name of Contact

Emergency Contact Numbers

Office Cell Home

Darlene Langford (925) 462-2771 (925) 998-4412 (707) 745-6487

Cheryl McMillen (925) 462-2771 (925) 963-5201 (925) 439-0817

Michael McMillen (925) 462-2771 (925) 998-5917 (925) 439-0817

Ron Langford (925) 462-2771 (925) 998-7356 (707) 745-6487

Tetra Tech

Name of Contact


Office Cell Home

Jason Brodersen (510) 302-6300 (415) 497-9060 -

RESPONSE AND CLEAN UP CONTRACTORS

Company

Contact Information

Name Phone Number Email

Roto-Rooter (Plumbing / Restoration & Cleaning)

Martin Alvarez (925) 443-5454 [email protected]

ATI (Restoration and Cleanup)

Dan Ward (717) 283-9990 [email protected]

NRC Environmental (Restoration and

Cleanup)

-- (510) 749-1390 [email protected]

Berkeley Plumbing and Heating (Plumbing)

Stephen Wind (510) 715-3861 [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


ATTACHMENT 2: INVENTORY

EH&S Spill Response Equipment

EH&S Spill Response Equipment is located at the Hazardous Materials Facility (HMF),

University Hall and Sandbag Staging Area. Vehicles are available at the University Hall -

Parking Well. Keys are kept in 317 University Hall.

Type of Equipment Quantity (approx.) Location

Booms / Spill Socks 4 coils HMF

Wet/Dry Vacuum 1 HMF

Various Storage Buckets and Drums Unlimited HMF

Various PPE Unlimited HMF / University Hall

Barricades and Warning Tape Supply low, On order HMF Outside Storage Room

Dechlorination Tablets 1 5-gallon bucket HMF Outside Storage Room

Hose 1 HMF Outside Storage Room

Push Broom 1 HMF Outside Storage Room

Sewage Notices (steel signs/stakes) 35 HMF Outside Storage Room

Skimmer 4 HMF Outside Storage Room

Stakes 10 HMF Outside Storage Room

Trash Grabber 1 HMF Outside Storage Room

Sandbags 24 Sandbag Staging Area (north of Haas Pavillion)

Thermometer 1 University Hall

Surveyor’s Wheel On order On order

Vehicles

EHS-Vehicle-CMAX #9919 (Van) 1 University Hall - Parking Well

EHS-Vehicle-VAN-9992 1 University Hall - Parking Well


EH&S Equipment Locations


FS Spill Response Equipment

FS Spill Response Equipment is located at 2000 Carleton Street, Poultry Yard and Edwards

Track. Vehicles are available at 2000 Carleton Street.


Dechlorination Tablets Multiple Various

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras (80 ft)

1 2000 Carleton Street

Gasoline Pumps 2 Poultry Yard

Electric and pneumatic pumps Multiple On FS Vehicles

Sandbags Multiple 2000 Carleton Street

Vactor Sweeper 1 Edwards Track

Portable Generators Multiple Poultry Yard

Vehicles

Trucks Multiple 2000 Carleton Street


RSSP Spill Response Equipment

RSSP Spill Response Equipment is located at: University Village Albany (UVA) Grounds

Yard and Clark Kerr (CK) Building 9 Plumbing Shop.

Vehicles are available at Underhill Parking Lot.


Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras (for laterals)

1 CK 9 Plumbing Shop

US Jetter 1 UVA Grounds Yard

Pumps Multiple CK 9 Plumbing Shop

Hoses Multiple CK 9 Plumbing Shop

Honda 500 Generator 1 CK 9 Plumbing Shop

Vehicles

Diesel Worktrucks 2 Underhill Parking Lot

Ford Van 1 Underhill Parking Lot


BGC Spill Response Equipment

BGC Spill Response Equipment is located at: Plumbing Shop.

Vehicles are available at Richmond Field Station.


Small Submersible Pump 1 Bldg 478 - Room 301

Large Snake 1 Bldg 478 – Room 301

Small Snake 1 Bldg 478 – Room 301

Trash Pump 1 Bldg 197

Trash Pump hoses Multiple Bldg 197

Employee PPE (gloves, face protection, etc.)

Multiple Bldg 478 – Room 301

Repair Parts (conduit, couplings, etc.)

Multiple Bldg 478 – Room 301

Plungers Multiple In plumber’s caddy and custodial closets in each building

Vehicles

Dump Truck 1 Equipment Shelter at 197

Plumber’s Truck 1 Outside of Bldg 478

Plumber’s Caddy 1 Outside of Bldg 478

Hydro Trailer 1 Equipment Shelter Outside 117

Excavator 1 Equipment Shelter Outside 117


ATTACHMENT 3: WATER QUALITY MONITIORING

PROGRAM PLAN

Plan Contents

Water Quality Monitoring – Key Elements

Water Sampling - Protocol

o Notification to Contractor

o Sampling Parameters

o Sampling Locations

o Sampling Procedure

o Results

o Conditions to Stop Monitoring

June 2013 Basin Plan

Water Analyses - Protocol

o Laboratory Analyses

o Maintenance and Calibration of Monitoring Instruments and Devices

Reporting Requirements

Note: Anything in a light green box outlines information that is specific to one of the three sewer collection systems that UC Berkeley manages:

UC Berkeley CS (UCB) – WDID: 2SSO10210

UC Berkeley – Berkeley Global Campus at Richmond Bay CS (BGC) – WDID: 2SSO10210

University Village Albany CS (UVA) – WDID: 2SSO10210

Water Quality Monitoring – Key Elements

Trigger for Sampling. Water quality sampling must be performed for sanitary sewer overflows

(SSOs) that are 50,000 gallons or greater and reach surface water. In addition, water quality

sampling will be performed for SSOs under 50,000 gallons to assess the impacts to surface water

when the spill shows an observable influence (example: odors, discoloration, steam, etc.) and

the spill remains on UC Berkeley property for the 48-hour window for sampling after the SSO

notification.

o For 50,000+ gallons: In the case where the source of the SSO has been stopped and the

entire SSO has migrated off UC Berkeley property, sampling must be coordinated with

the downstream agency.

o Less than 50,000 gallons: If a significant rainfall event (> 0.25 inches in 24 hours) has

flushed the creek with storm water adequately to remove all deposited sewage. No water

quality monitoring is needed.

Safety and Access. Water quality sampling should only be performed if it is safe to do so and

access to the surface water is not restricted. Unsafe conditions include, but are not limited to,

visibility, heavy wind or rains, slippery and/or steep riverbanks, etc. When sampling is not


possible, details of the situation will be recorded in the certified Category 1 SSO Report and the

SSO Technical Report (for spills above 50,000 gallons) submitted to the CIWQS Online SSO

Database.

Who Collects the Sample. EH&S will either collect sample or call a sampling contractor to

collect the sample.

When to Sample. Sampling must be performed (when and if it is safe to do so) within 48 hours

of UC Berkeley becoming aware of the SSO.

Where to Sample. Sampling should account for spill travel time in surface water (see Sample

Collection Procedure below).

Required Water Quality Analyses. Analyze for ammonia, dissolved oxygen, total and fecal

coliform, temperature, and pH. The bacterial indicators should be analyzed per the RWQCB

Basin Plan (see Sampling Parameters below).

Optional Follow-Up Monitoring. It may be appropriate to conduct additional monitoring by

sampling and/or visual inspection, depending on the original monitoring results. For example, if

an impact from the SSO is observed, follow-up monitoring could be conducted until the water

body has reverted to an estimated baseline condition. Follow-up monitoring will also be

conducted in communication with the downstream sanitary sewer agencies and the downstream

Environmental Health Divisions.

Water Quality Sampling – Protocol

Sampling Personnel

Once EH&S is notified of a sewage release to surface water, EH&S will either collect samples or

immediately notify either one of the contractors below to collect samples.


Name of Contact


Office Cell Home

Darlene Langford (925) 462-2771 (925) 998-4412 (707) 745-6487

Cheryl McMillen (925) 462-2771 (925) 963-5201 (925) 439-0817

Michael McMillen (925) 462-2771 (925) 998-5917 (925) 439-0817

Ron Langford (925) 462-2771 (925) 998-7356 (707) 745-6487

Tetra Tech


Name of Contact


Office Cell Home

Jason Brodersen (510) 302-6300 (415) 497-9060 -

Sampling Parameters

Ammonia

Total and Fecal Coliform

pH (field)

Temperature (field)

Dissolved Oxygen (field)

Sampling Locations:

“Upstream” of SSO

Immediate vicinity where SSO enters water body (“source”)

“Downstream” of SSO

Sample Collection Procedure:

Below is the recommended sample collection procedure that has been provided to our contractors. A

contractor may use an equivalent procedure to assess impacts to the creek as long as the minimum

number of samples is taken from the stated sampling locations and the required analyses are conducted.

Procedures may slightly diverge from this standard procedure if sampling locations are past UC Berkeley

property. The contractor is expected to submit their final procedure if it differs from the written procedure

below.

1. Obtain appropriate sampling equipment and containers.

2. Determine the point that the SSO entered waterway and photograph this location (include a

reference point in the photo). Note: EH&S will provide as much information about this

location prior to the contractor’s arrival.

3. If sampling is performed after the SSO has stopped, estimate the SSO travel time. This may

be done by observing or dropping floatable debris in the surface water and timing how long it

takes to travel over a measured distance (e.g., 100 feet). Include sections in the surface

water where there are bends, bottlenecks, or other characteristics that may slow down the

flow. If the first measurement is uncertain, this time estimate may be performed three to five

times, and the values average to determine the estimated travel time. The velocity in the

upper portion of the water body can then be calculated by dividing the measured distance by

the average time.

An alternative way to measure the SSO travel time is to use a velocity probe (such as a

Globe Water FP111-S Flow Probe) to determine the rate of flow in the water body.


4. Determine the “source” location for water quality sampling by accounting for SSO travel time.

a. If the SSO is occurring, the “source” location is the point where the SSO is entering

the waterway.

b. If the SSO has stopped, calculate the approximate downstream distance from the

original SSO location by dividing the time since the SSO occurred by the estimated

velocity. This is the approximate downstream distance from the SSO discharge point

to the “source” sampling location.

i. If this distance is beyond our property, EH&S will coordinate with the

downstream sanitary sewer agency for sampling.

▪ UCB: Contact City of Berkeley Environmental Health Department at (510) 981-5310 ▪ BGC: Contact City of Richmond – Municipal Sewer District, Chad Davisson, General Manager at (510) 620-5486 (office) or (510) 459-1175 (cell) ▪ UVA: Contact City of Albany Public Works at (510) 524-9543

Due to the possible tidal action in the surface water and other factors, another method may

be used to determine the “source” location at the discretion of the Legally Responsible

Official (LRO) or the Director of Environment, Health & Safety.

5. Put on safety gloves and safety glasses.

6. Upstream Sample Collection: Collect the upstream samples first. Move approximately one

hundred feet (100’) upstream of Source location. Label each of the sample bottles marked

“Upstream A”, “Upstream B”, and “Upstream C” with the date and time.

a. Take a photo of the sample location, including a reference point in the photo.

b. Fill the three labelled bottles against the direction of the water flow. Collect samples

well away from the bank, preferably at a point where water is visibly flowing. Avoid

sampling debris or scrum layer from the surface.

c. Use the thermometer to measure the temperature of the “Upstream C” sample three

times and record the results.

d. Place each sample in the cooler after collection.

Source Sample Collection: Collect the “source” samples next. Move approximately ten

feet (10’) downstream of the Source location. Label each one of the sample bottles marked

“Source A”, “Source B”, and “Source C” with the date and time.



b. Fill the three labeled bottles against the direction of the water flow. Collect samples


sampling debris or scum layer from the surface.

c. Use the thermometer to measure the temperature of the “Source C” sample three

times and record the results.


Downstream Sample Collection: Lastly, collect the downstream sample. Move one hundred

feet (100’) downstream of the source location. Label each one of the sample bottles marked

“Downstream A”, “Downstream B”, and “Downstream C” with the date and time.


b. Fill the three labeled bottles against the direction of the water flow. Collect samples


sampling debris or scum layer from the surface.

c. Use the thermometer to measure the temperature of the “Downstream C” sample

three times and record the results.


7. Record all sample information.

8. Transport the cooler containing the samples and the completed documentation to a

laboratory as soon as possible after the first sample collection. The parameter with the

shortest holding time is bacteria at 8 hours (from sample collection to beginning of analysis),

but sample analysis should begin as soon as possible after sample collection.

Conditions to Stop Monitoring

After the analyses have been performed (see “Water Quality Analyses Protocols” below) and the

results have been reviewed and finalized, consult with the appropriate Environmental Health

Division (either City of Richmond, City of Berkeley or City of Albany).

As soon the appropriate City’s Environmental Health Division (depending on where the SSO

occur) is satisfied with the results, monitoring for this SSO may stop. If Environmental health

Division is not satisfied, the contractor is to repeat the Sample Collection Procedure steps (or

equivalent) until the Environmental Health Division deems that it is not a risk to public health.

Water Quality Analyses – Protocol

Laboratory Analyses:



CERCO Analytical, Inc. is accredited by the Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (ELAP).

Their certification number is 2153. The methods will be performed as follows:

Parameter Standard Method

Ammonia SM 4500-NH3D

Dissolved Oxygen SM4500-O G

Temperature SM2550B

pH SM4500-H+B

Total Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform SM 9221B & E

Tetra Tech

Tetra Tech will choose a laboratory from their current pool. Below is a list of their current laboratories

they contract with and their certification numbers.

Name of Laboratory Certification Number

Accutest Laboratories 8258

BioVir Laboratories 1795

McCampbell Analytical, Inc.

McCampbell Analytical, Inc. is accredited by the Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program

(ELAP). Their certification number is 1644.

Parameter Standard Method

Ammonia SM 4500-NH3D

Dissolved Oxygen 360.1 / SM4500-O G

Total Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform SM 9221B & E

Maintenance and Calibration of Monitoring Instruments and Devices:

All laboratory monitoring instruments and devices used for water quality analyses are maintained and

calibrated by the contractor.


Reporting Requirements

The EH&S Environmental Specialist is responsible for submitting water quality monitoring information with

the certified Category 1 SSO report in the CIWQS Online SSO Database, which must be submitted within

15 calendar days of the SSO end date.

The EH&S Environmental Specialist is responsible for submitting information related to the Technical

Report (for spills 50,000 gallons or greater) in the CIWQS Online SSO Database, which must be done

within 45 calendar days of the SSO end date. The SSO Technical Report must include the following

water quality monitoring information:

Description of all water quality sampling activities conducted

Analytical results and evaluation of the results

Detailed location map showing all water quality sampling points


ATTACHMENT 4: LESSONS LEARNED: SEWAGE SPILL

RESPONSE

In the 1980s, the campus and City of Berkeley response to sewage spills was primarily one of stopping it

at the source. Sewage was allowed to drain down the creek and decay over time or be washed away by

rains. In the early 1990s, agencies such as the Department of Fish and Game began to require that

sewage released to the creek be pumped out of the creek back into sanitary sewers downstream of the

blockage. Pumping of the creek is performed by damming the creek with sandbags in a location in

proximity to the sanitary sewer and pumping the sewage and creek water into the sanitary sewer.

Pumping continues until the sewage leak is repaired and most of the sewage pumped from the creek.

While normal dry weather flows are low enough to allow pumping the creek using pumper trucks or

portable gas powered “trash” pumps, contractor response time was historically poor. It would often take 4

to 6 hours for contractors to arrive with trucks and set up before pumping began, and by that time a

significant portion of sewage flowed out of campus and into the City and the Bay.

Because of the slow response time, in 1999 EH&S purchased three Multiquip 3” x 3” centrifugal pumps

with 5.0 H.P. Honda GX-140 engines (77 lbs. dry weight) and a quick cleaning capacity for sewage

response. With two engines stored in a secure centrally located room allowing for quick access to the

creek and one kept on a Facilities Services truck, response time between sewage spill discover and creek

pumping has been shortened from many hours to 30 minutes to an hour.

SEWAGE SPILL RESPONSE PUMPING CALCULATIONS The Multiquip centrifugal pumps have a maximum capacity of 16,000 gallons per hour (GPH, ~260 GPM), maximum lift of 25 ft and maximum head of 105 ft. In general, the pumps are expected to operate at less than maximum capacity, in part due to the need to lift the water from creek pools 10-15 feet to the sanitary sewer. Assuming 200 GPM operating conditions, all three pumps would be required to divert flow from the central campus sanitary sewer draining to side sewer #1 (SS#1, MH#384) when that sewer is running at maximum capacity of around 500 GPM and the North Fork is contributing typical dry weather flow of around 50-100 GPM.

[Daily sewer discharge from campus is 785,000 (Source: 2002 EBMUD UC Berkeley Wastewater Discharge Permit.). Assume 75% drains to SS#1 and 25% to other side sewers. SS#1 daily average flow is = 400 GPM with diurnal fluctuations and peak flows in the early afternoon (assume 500 GPM maximum). North Fork dry weather flow = 50–100 GPM. South Fork dry weather flow = 125-200 GPM. (Quick conversion CFS x 448.8 = GPM)]. This would be a worst-case scenario. However, usually two centrifugal pumps are needed, and in some cases these have been supplemented by use of plumber’s sump pumps, which are especially useful in providing a pump around to divert clean upstream water around the impacted area.


ATTACHMENT 5: STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

(SOPs)

Creek Pumping Procedure

Scenario: Sewage overflow has entered surface water such as Strawberry Creek. Procedure is

applicable in both dry weather and wet weather circumstances.

Method A: Divert creek water around the spill Method B: Divert creek water AND sewage

Applicability: If response time is quick enough to capture the leading edge of spill. Otherwise, go to Method B. Equipment Needed:

Trash Pump

Sandbags (for dam structure) Notifications Needed:

EBMUD approval needed prior to pumping creek water into the sanitary sewer – (510) 287-1651

Procedure:

1. Place a dam immediately downstream of the sewage spill. Using a trash pump, begin pumping the sewage to an adjacent sanitary sewer, downstream of the failure.

2. Place a dam immediately upstream of the affected area and, using another trash pump, pump creek water to below the dam placed in Step 1.

Applicability: In cases where you cannot capture the leading edge of a spill. Equipment Needed:

Trash Pump

Sandbags (for dam structure) Notifications Needed:

EBMUD approval needed prior to pumping creek water into the sanitary sewer – (510) 287-1651

Procedure:

1. Place a downstream dam. 2. Use a trash pump to pump the

contaminated water to the sanitary sewer. (Pumping should continue until clean water is flowing.)

3. If a layer of solids has been deposited on the creek bed, it will need to be flushed with dechlorinated water. All wash water should be pumped to the sanitary sewer.


ATTACHMENT 6: SANITARY SEWER OVERFLOW (SSO)

INCIDENT REPORTING FORM

(See form on next page)

Office of Environment, Health and Safety (EH&S) - Sanitary Sewer Overflow Incident Form (rev. 07/2016)

1

STEP 1 Immediately call EH&S at (510) 642-3073 with the following details of the incident:

Name of First Responder

Phone Number of First Responder

Location of Spill

Is the spill potentially greater than 1,000 gallons? Yes No

Does the spill have the potential to reach a storm drain, catch basin or the creek?

Yes No

STEP 2 Note your arrival time at the scene (be exact!)

Date and Time of Arrival Date: Time:

STEP 3 Contain and clean up the overflow. Notify parties if additional assistance is needed.

STEP 4 Record the spill end date and time.

Spill End Date and Time Date: Time:

STEP 5 Fill in the rest of the form and return to EH&S before the end of your shift via one of the following methods:

Drop off Hard Copy Fax Email 317 University Hall #1150 (510) 643-7595 [email protected]

Spill Volumes Recovered Spill Volumes

Estimated spill volume that reached a separate storm drain that flows to a surface water body

gallons

Estimated spill volume recovered from the separate storm drain that flows to the surface water body (do not include water used for cleanup)

gallons

Estimated spill volume that reached a drainage channel that flows to a surface water body

gallons

Estimated spill volume recovered from a drainage channel that flows to a surface water body

gallons

Estimated spill volume discharged directly to a surface water body

gallons Estimated spill volume recovered from surface water body

gallons

Estimated spill volume discharged to land (includes inside of buildings) gallons

Estimated spill volume recovered from the discharge to land (do not include water used for cleanup)

gallons

Estimation Methodology for Spill Volume Estimation Methodology for Recovered Spill Volume:

Eyeball Estimate Method Measured Volume Method Duration and Flow Rate Method Other (explain):

Eyeball Estimate Method Measured Volume Method Other (explain):


2

SPILL VOLUME ESTIMATION WORKSHEET

ALL SPILLS Name of Estimator: Picture taken? Yes No

Dimensions of spill (in ft. or paces): Length _________ Width _________ Depth _________

Additional Notes and Documentation:

METHOD 1: EYEBALL ESTIMATE METHOD AND KICK THE BUCKET Imagine amount of water that would spill from a bucket or a barrel. This method is only useful for spills up to 100 gallons.

Size of bucket(s) or barrel(s)

How many of this

Multiplier Total Volume

Estimated

Size of bucket(s) or barrel(s)

How many of this

Multiplier Total Volume

Estimated

1 gal water jug x 1 1 gal water jug x 1

5 gallon bucket x 5 5 gallon bucket x 5

32 gallon trash can x 32 32 gallon trash can x 32

55 gallon drum x 55 55 gallon drum x 55

Total Volume of Spill Total Volume Recovered

METHOD 2: ESTIMATING VOLUME BASED ON SPILL DIMENSIONS If not raining, the shape, dimensions and depth of the spill may be used to estimate the volume.

Rectangle: Area = (length) x (width) Sketch spill with dimensions and calculate average depth.

Circle: Area = (diameter) x (diameter) x 0.785

Triangle: Area = (base) x (height) x 0.5

Multiply (area) x (depth) to get volume

Multiple (volume) x (7.5) to convert to gallons

METHOD 3: DURATION AND FLOW RATE

Start Date and Time Line 1

End Date and Time Line 2

Total time elapsed of overflow (Subtract line 1 form line 2. Show time in minutes)

Line 3

Average flow rate GPM Line 4

Total volume estimated (multiply line 3 and line 4) Line 5


3

SPILL DETAILS

Spill Appearance Point (Select all that apply.)

Forced Main Gravity Mainline Inside Building or Structure Lateral Clean Out

Lateral Manhole Pump Station Other (specify):

Final Spill Destination (Select all that apply.)

Building or Structure Drainage Channel Paved Surface Storm Drain

Street/Curb and Gutter Surface Water Unpaved Surface Other (specify):

Estimated Spill Start Date/Time Date: Time:

Spill Cause Air Relief Valve (ARV) / Blow-Off Valve (BOV) Failure Construction Diversion Failure UCB Staff Caused Spill or Damage Damage by Other Not Related to UCB Construction / Maintenance (specify): Debris from Construction Debris from Lateral Debris – General Debris – Rags Flow Exceeded Capacity Grease Deposition (FOG) Inappropriate Discharge to System

Natural Disaster Non-Dispersables Operator Error Pipe Structural Problem / Failure Pipe Structural Problem / Failure – Installation Pump Station Failure – Controls Pump Station Failure – Mechanical Pump Station Failure – Power Rainfall Exceeded Design Root Intrusion Siphon Failure Vandalism Other (specify below)

Explanation of Where Failure Occurred

Was Spill Cause determined by a CCTV inspection?

Yes No

Where did the failure occur? Air Relief Valve (ARV) / Blow-Off Valve (BOV) Force Main Gravity Mainline Lateral Manhole

Pump Station - Controls Pump Station – Mechanical Pump Station – Power Siphon Other (specify):

Spill Response Activities Cleaned up Mitigated Effects of Spill Contained all or portion of spill Restored flow Returned all spill to sanitary sewer system

Returned portion of spill to sanitary sewer system Property Owner/Building Occupants Notified Other enforcement agency notified

Spill Response Completion Date and Time

Date: Time:


4

Spill Corrective Action Taken Added sewer to preventative maintenance program Adjusted schedule/method of preventative maintenance Enforcement action against source Inspected sewer using CCTV to determine cause

Plan rehabilitation or replacement of sewer Repaired facilities or replaced defect Other (specify):

Is there an on-going investigation? Yes No

Reason for on-going investigation

Name of impacted surface waters Strawberry Creek Meeker Slough Codornices Creek

Not applicable – no impacted surface water Other (specify):

Was spill associated with a storm event?

Yes No

RESPONSE CREW (List all names along with their department or company)

CALL CENTER INFORMATION

Date and Time UC Berkeley operations/maintenance staff or EH&S was first notified of or discovered spill

Date: Time:

Complainant Information

Name: Phone:

Attach any work orders if available to the Incident Form.


5

FOR THE OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH & SAFETY (EH&S) STAFF USE ONLY:

Coordinates of Spill Latitude: Longitude:

Diameter of sewer pipe at point of blockage or failure (optional)

Material of sewer pipe at the point of blockage or failure (optional)

Estimated age of sewer asset at the point of blockage or failure (in years) (optional)

Visual inspection results from impacted receiving water

Health warnings posted

Water quality samples analyzed for Dissolved Oxygen Other chemical indicators (specify) Biological indicators (specify) No water quality samples taken

Explanation of water quality samples analyzed for

Water quality sample results reported to

County Health Agency Regional Water Quality Control Board Other (specify) No water quality samples taken Not applicable to this spill

Cal Office of Emergency Services Control Number (if applicable)

Cal Office of Emergency Services Called Date/Time (if applicable)

Date: Time:

INTERNAL STAFF REMINDERS

Category 1: Submit Draft report within 3 business days of becoming aware of the SSO and certify within 15 calendar days of SSO end date. Category 2: Submit Draft report within 3 business days of becoming aware of the SSO and certify within 15 days of SSO end date. Category 3: Submit certified report within 30 calendar days of the end of the month in which SSO occurred.

Draft Due:

Certification Due:

Create bCal event reminder for reporting Date Set:


ATTACHMENT 7: ESTIMATING SPILL VOLUMES

List of Methods

1. Eyeball Estimate and Kick Bucket Method

Best for small spills 100 gallons or less that can be visually approximated

2. Estimating Volume Based on Spill Dimensions

Larger spills that are no longer flowing and can be measured

3. Duration and Flow Rate

Good for large spills where dimensions cannot be measured, but the flow rate can be

calculated

4. Open Channel Spill Estimation

Good for large flowing spills where dimensions cannot be measured, but the flow rate

can be calculated

5. Drop Bucket Method

Best for small flowing spills where the entire flow can be captured in a bucket

6. Calculating Spill Volume Based on Pipe Size

Best for spills where pipe and flow information is known

7. Determine Spill Volume from Vent or Pick Holes

Best for spills originating from vent or pick holes in the ground / manhole

8. Determine the Volume of a Spill from Around the Rim of a Manhole Cover

Best for spills originating from a manhole with a cover

9. Determine the Volume of a Spill from a Manhole without a Cover

Best for spills originating from a manhole without a cover


Method #1: Eyeball Estimate and Kick Bucket Method

Reference: San Diego County, Sewer System Management Plan, June 2010

Eyeball Estimate

Imagine amount of water that would spill from a bucket (5 gallons) or barrel (50 gallons).

This method is only useful for spills up to 100 gallons.

Kick Bucket Method

Method can be used to estimate the volume of spills on asphalt, concrete, sloped surfaces and

flat surfaces

Photo #1: 1 Gallon Spill on a sloped surface (spill only)

Photo #2: 1 Gallon Spill on a sloped surface (spill with a point of reference)

Top Photo: 2 gallon (left) vs. 1 gallon (right) spill on a slope

Photo #4: 2 gallon spill on a very slight slope.

Photo #5: 5 gallon spill (40 feet in length)


Method #2: Estimating Volume Based on Spill Dimensions


If not raining, the shape, dimensions and depth of a spill may be used to estimate volume

o Sketch shape of spill

o Measure/pace off dimensions

o Measure depth in several locations; take average

o Convert all dimensions to feet

o Calculate area of spill based on approximate shape:

Rectangle: Area = length x width

Circle: Area = diameter x diameter x 0.785

Triangle: Area = base x height x 0.5

o Multiply area x depth to get volume

o Multiple volume x 7.5 to convert into gallons

Using a spill footprint to get surface area and sample sketch

Calculate average depth to get a depth measurement


Method #3: Duration and Flow Rate


If area/depth is impossible to measure, use duration and flow rate estimate

Duration: time elapsed from start to end of SSO

To estimate start time, use one of the following methods:

o Compare hourly data on a downstream flow meter to find changes in flow. Typically, the

daily flow peaks are flattened by the loss of flow.

o Observe conditions at the SSO site. Initially, there will be limited deposits of grease and

toilet paper. After a few days to a week, the grease forms a light colored residue. After a

few weeks to a month, the grease turns dark. In both cases, the quantity of toilet paper

and other materials of sewage origin increase in amount. These changes with time can

be used to estimate the start time in absence of other information.

To estimate end time, observe the “blow down” that occurs when blockage is removed or

observe “blow down” on flow meters.

Flow Rate: average flow left in sewer system during time SSO stopped, estimated using one of

the following three ways:

o Use data from flow meter to estimate flow rate for the spill (better for large SSOs).

o Estimate based on up-stream connections. Once the location of the SSO is known, the

number of upstream connections can be determined from system maps. Multiply the

number of connections by 200 to 250 gallons per day per connection, or 8 to 10 gallons

per hour per connection, or other flow rates that are consistent with the campus data for

its connections.

Example: (22 upstream connections) x (9 gallons per hour per connection) = 198

gallons per hour / 60 minutes per hour = 3.3 gallons per minute. Multiply the

gallons per minute times the number of minutes the spill occurred for the total

volume of the spill.

o Refer to the Reference Sheet for Estimating Sewer Spills to estimate flow rate based

on images from test scenarios.

Volume of SSO = duration (in hours or days) x flow rate (in gallons per hour or gallons per day)

ft3 = 7.48 gallons


Method #4: Open Channel Spill Estimation

Reference: Orange County Sanitation District

For ditches, channels, gutters, etc.

o Measure the cross sectional dimensions (to determine the area) of the channel and

determine the velocity of the flow

o Velocity can be measured by dropping a floating object into the flow and timing the object

over a measured distance

o Flow (Q), ft3/sec = Velocity (V), ft/sec x Area (A), ft2

o Flow times duration equals amount of spill

o Multiply by 7.48 (number of gallons in one cubic foot) to convert to gallons


Method #5: Drop Bucket Method


Can be used for small spills where the entire flow stream can be captured in a bucket.

o Place bucket so that it captures the entire flow of stream and time how long it takes to fill

the bucket

o Dividing the volume of the bucket (in gallons) by the elapsed time to fill the bucket (in

minutes) equals the flow rate in gallons per minute (gpm).

Example If it takes 30 seconds to fill a 5-gallon bucket and the spill has occurred for 20 minutes, the total spill volume would be 200 gallons. 5 gallons / 0.5 minutes = 10 GPM x 20 minutes = 200 gallons


Method #6: Calculating Spill Volume Based on Pipe Size


Volume of a spill can be measured using the flow rate in a pipe before and after the blockage is

clear.

o Need to know the size of the pipe

o Need a flow calculation chart

o Measure the depth of the flow downstream of the blockage

o Measure the depth of flow again after the blockage has been cleared and flow stabilized

o Use flow calculation chart to determine the flow rate of the pipe

Flow Depth Inches

8” Pipe 10” Pipe 12” Pipe 15” Pipe

1 20 GPM 25 GPM 30 GPM 35 GPM

2 60 70 80 85

3 110 125 135 150

4 160 180 200 235

5 190 240 280 315

6 260 310 355 415

7 290 370 425 495

8 320 430 500 600

9 465 575 690

10 490 625 775

11 685 870

12 715 935

13 1020

14 1070

15 1105

Note: The chart assumes V = 2.0 feet per second and n = 0.013

Step 1: Record the time that spill was reported.

Step 2: Record the flow, in inches, downstream of the spill or blockage. Record the pipe size in

inches. Determine flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) using chart above.

Step 3: Re-establish flow and allow stabilizing. Record the time that flow stabilizes and the depth

of flow, in inches. Determine flow rate using chart above.

Step 4: Subtract the flow rate calculated in Step 2 from the flow rate calculated in Step 3.

Step 5: Multiply the result of Step 4 by the minutes elapsed from notification to stopping overflow.

Step 6: Report the total amount in gallons on the SSO Incident Reporting Form.


Example A spill was reported at 3:50 PM and was corrected at 6:25 PM on the same day. Calculate the volume of the spill for a 10 inch pipeline with 1 inch of downstream flow before correction and 5 inches of flow after correction and stabilization of flow. Time Reported: 3:50 PM Time Corrected: 6:25 PM Duration of Spill: 2:35 or 155 minutes Depth of Flow Before: 1 inch Depth of Flow After: 5 inches From Chart:

Flow After Stabilization: 240 GPM Flow Downstream Before: 25 GPM Net Flow = 240 – 25 = 215 GPM

SPILL VOLUME = (215 GPM) x (155 mins) = 33,325 gallons


Method #7: Determine Spill Volume from Vent or Pick Holes


If spill is coming from vent or pick holes:

o Count the number of holes and measure the height of the water exiting from the holes

o Refer to the pick hole chart to determine the volume from each hole (below)

o Multiply the number of holes x time flow rate x time duration of the spill to determine spill

volume

Estimated Flows through Manhole Cover Vent Holes and Pick Holes for SSO Estimating

Hole Dia.

Inches

Area sq. ft.

Coeff. Of Vel.

Cv

Coeff. Of Cont.

Cc

C Cv x Cc

Water Ht inches

Water Ht inches

Water Ht feet

Q Cfs

Q Gpm

Q Gph

Vent Hole

0.50 0.00136 0.945 0.70 0.662 1/16 0.063 0.005 0.0005 0.23 14

0.50 0.00136 0.945 0.70 0.662 1/8 0.125 0.010 0.0007 0.33 20

0.50 0.00136 0.945 0.70 0.662 ¼ 0.250 0.021 0.0010 0.47 28

0.50 0.00136 0.945 0.70 0.662 ½ 0.500 0.042 0.0015 0.66 40

0.50 0.00136 0.945 0.70 0.662 ¾ 0.750 0.063 0.0018 0.81 49

0.50 0.00136 0.945 0.70 0.662 1 1.000 0.083 0.0021 0.94 56

Vent Hole

0.75 0.00307 0.955 0.67 0.640 1/16 0.063 0.005 0.0011 0.51 31

0.75 0.00307 0.955 0.67 0.640 1/8 0.125 0.010 0.0016 0.72 43

0.75 0.00307 0.955 0.67 0.640 ¼ 0.250 0.021 0.0023 1.02 61

0.75 0.00307 0.955 0.67 0.640 ½ 0.500 0.042 0.0032 1.44 87

0.75 0.00307 0.955 0.67 0.640 ¾ 0.750 0.063 0.0039 1.77 106

0.75 0.00307 0.955 0.67 0.640 1 1.000 0.083 0.0045 2.04 122

Vent Hole

1.00 0.00545 0.960 0.65 0.624 1/16 0.063 0.005 0.0020 0.88 53

1.00 0.00545 0.960 0.65 0.624 1/8 0.125 0.010 0.0028 1.25 75

1.00 0.00545 0.960 0.65 0.624 ¼ 0.250 0.021 0.0039 1.77 106

1.00 0.00545 0.960 0.65 0.624 ½ 0.500 0.042 0.0056 2.50 150

1.00 0.00545 0.960 0.65 0.624 ¾ 0.750 0.063 0.0068 3.06 184

1.00 0.00545 0.960 0.65 0.624 1 1.000 0.083 0.0079 3.54 212


Method #8: Determine the Volume of a Spill from Around the Rim of a Manhole


If manhole cover is in place:

o Find the area of the gap (diameter of the cover from the diameter of the inside of the ring)

o Find the velocity (ft/sec) of the spill by measuring the height of the sewage plume

o Area times the velocity (ft/sec) times the duration of the spill times (448.8 for gpm/cfs)

equals the total spill volume in gallons

ESTIMATED SSO FLOW OUT OF A MANHOLE WITH COVER IN PLACE

24” COVER 36” COVER

Height of spout above

M/H rim H in inches

SSO FLOW

Q

Min Sewer Size in which these flows are possible


M/H rim H in inches

SSO FLOW

Q


In GPM

In MGD

In GPM

In MGD

¼ 1 0.001 ¼ 1 0.002

½ 3 0.004 ½ 4 0.006

¾ 6 0.008 ¾ 8 0.012

1 9 0.013 1 13 0.019

1 ¼ 12 0.018 1 ¼ 18 0.026

1 ½ 16 0.024 1 ½ 24 0.035

1 ¾ 21 0.030 1 ¾ 31 0.044

2 25 0.037 2 37 0.054

2 ¼ 31 0.045 2 ¼ 45 0.065

2 ½ 38 0.054 2 ½ 55 0.079

2 ¾ 45 0.065 2 ¾ 66 0.095

3 54 0.077 3 78 0.113

3 ¼ 64 0.092 3 ¼ 93 0.134

3 ½ 75 0.107 3 ½ 109 0.157

3 ¾ 87 0.125 3 ¾ 127 0.183

4 100 0.145 4 147 0.211


24” COVER 36” COVER


M/H rim H in inches

SSO FLOW

Q



M/H rim H in inches

SSO FLOW

Q


In GPM

In MGD

In GPM

In MGD

4 ¼ 115 0.166 4 ¼ 169 0.243

4 ½ 131 0.189 4 ½ 192 0.276

4 ¾ 148 0.214 4 ¾ 217 0.312 6”

5 166 0.240 5 243 0.350

5 ¼ 185 0.266 5 ¼ 270 0.389

5 ½ 204 0.294 5 ½ 299 0.430

5 ¾ 224 0.322 6” 5 ¾ 327 0.471

6 244 0.0352 6 357 0.514

6 ¼ 265 0.382 6 ¼ 387 0.558 8”

6 ½ 266 0.412 6 ½ 419 0.603

6 ¾ 308 0.444 6 ¾ 451 0.649

7 331 0.476 7 483 0.696

7 ¼ 354 0.509 7 ¼ 517 0.744

7 ½ 377 0.543 7 ½ 551 0.794

7 ¾ 401 0.578 8” 7 ¾ 587 0.845 10”

8 426 0.613 8 622 0.896

8 ¼ 451 0.649 8 ¼ 659 0.949

8 ½ 476 0.666 8 ½ 697 1.003

8 ¾ 502 0.723 8 ¾ 734 1.057

9 529 0.761 9 773 1.113


Method #9: Determine the Volume of a Spill from a Manhole without a Cover


If manhole cover is not in place:

o Find the area of the manhole opening (area = R2)

o Find the velocity (ft/sec) of the spill by measuring the height of the sewage plume

o Area times the velocity (ft/sec) times the duration of the spill times (448.8 gpm/cfs) equals

the total spill volume in gallons.

ESTIMATED SSO FLOW OUT OF A MANHOLE WITH COVER REMOVED

24” FRAME 36” FRAME


M/H rim H in inches

SSO FLOW

Q



M/H rim H in inches

SSO FLOW

Q


In GPM

In MGD

In GPM

In MGD

1/8 28 0.04 1/8 49 0.07

¼ 62 0.09 ¼ 111 0.16

3/8 111 0.16 3/8 187 0.27 6”

½ 160 0.23 ½ 271 0.39

5/8 215 0.31 6” 5/8 361 0.52 8”

¾ 354 0.51 8” ¾ 458 0.66

7/8 569 0.82 10” 7/8 556 0.80 10”

1 799 1.15 12” 1 660 0.95 12”

1 1/8 1,035 1.49 1 1/8 1,035 1.49

1 ¼ 1,340 4.93 15” 1 ¼ 1,486 2.14 15”

1 3/8 1,660 2.39 1 3/8 1,951 2.81

1 ½ 1,986 2.86 1 ½ 2,424 3.49 18”

1 5/8 2,396 3.45 18” 1 5/8 2,903 4.18

1 ¾ 2,799 4.03 1 ¾ 3,382 4.87

1 7/8 3,132 4.51 1 7/8 3,917 5.64 21”

2 3,444 4.96 21” 2 4,458 6.42


24” FRAME 36” FRAME


M/H rim H in inches

SSO FLOW

Q



M/H rim H in inches

SSO FLOW

Q


In GPM

In MGD

In GPM

In MGD

2 1/8 3,750 5.4 2 1/8 5,000 7.20 24”

2 ¼ 3,986 5.74 2 ¼ 5,556 8.00

2 3/8 4,215 6.07 2 3/8 6,118 8.81

2 ½ 4,437 6.39 2 ½ 6,764 9.74

2 5/8 4,569 6.58 24” 2 5/8 7,403 10.66

2 ¾ 4,687 6.75 2 ¾ 7,972 11.48 30”

2 7/8 4,799 6.91 2 7/8 8,521 12.27

3 4,910 7.07 3 9,062 13.05

3 1/8 9,604 13.83

3 ¼ 10,139 14.60

3 3/8 10,625 15.30 36”

3 ½ 11,097 15.98

3 5/8 11,569 16.66

3 ¾ 12,035 17.33

3 7/8 12,486 17.98

4 12,861 18.52

4 1/8 13,076 18.83

4 ¼ 13,285 19.13

4 3/8 13,486 19.42

overflow emergency response plan

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