8/7/2019Erice 2019: Brief Overview of Energy Poverty Session

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Overview of 2018 Plenary Session on Energy PovertyAdnan Shihab-Eldin

Based on the collective contributions of the following authors at the 2018 Session, and in the integrated paper published in the “Proceedings of the 51st

Session of the Annual International Seminar on Planetary Emergencies:Bruce Stram

Tatsuo Masuda

William Barletta

James E. Rogers (late)

Adnan Shihab-Eldin

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• The program of the session was inspired by the efforts of the Global Brightlight Foundation and the late James Rogers, who founded the organization The participants in the session, members of the Energy PMP were deeply saddened by the untimely death of James.

• We dedicated the paper prepared for the proceedings, which was to provide an account of what happened at the session, to James.

• This presentation, which aims to provide an overview of the presentations and discussions of the plenary session in 2018, is also dedicated to James E. Rogers.

He will truly be missed.

Dedication to James E. Rogers

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The five speakers at the plenary session made a coordinated effort to present to the Plenary Session four key points related to energy poverty:

Energy Poverty: 4 key points

Point 4

Exploration of possible technologies to expand these efforts

Point 3

Innovative efforts to introduce basic access

Point 2

The areas of the world lacking such access

Point 1

Evidence on the importance of energy access

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• Striking correlation between energy access and human welfare • The United Nations Human Development Index: measures the progress of nations with an emphasis on human well-being considers

three foundational components: (1) Ability to live a long, healthy and creative life; (2) To be knowledgeable; and (3) To have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living.

• The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): considers how people experience poverty in the absence of these foundational abilities (describes ten indicators associated with foundational abilities above)

Point 1: Importance of Energy Access

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• Region of the world with Energy Access Deficit: access to electricity and access to solid fuels

• Most deeply affected countries are located in sub-Saharan Africa

Point 2: The areas of the world lacking such access

Population without access to electricity % population, 2016

Population without access to clean fuel% population, 2016

Prediction of regional populations without access to electricityMillion people, 2016-2040

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• Sub-Saharan Market Barriers:• Market barriers include:• Lack of affordable

financing• Political and economic

instability• Lack of local technical

expertise – Limited local experience and knowledge of energy storage

• Limited renewable energy development to date.

• Good Business Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa: to promote and accelerate electrification particularly in the rural areas (see below). Some business practices are unique, and some are very impactful.

Point 3: Innovative efforts to introduce basic access

Good Business Practices in Sub-Sahara (Examples)1 Year Name Head Business Countries Impact 2006 Solar Aid UK Intl Charity;

Solar lights at lower price Uganda, Malawi, Zambia, etc.

10m population 2b studying hrs.

2007 Husk India Mini-grids with power plants Tanzania (+India) 75 plants 15K homes

2009 Greenlight Planet India Solar House Systems (SHSs) Kenya (+India)

27m population 5.3m homes

2010 Mobisol Germany Solar House Systems (SHSs) Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, etc.

0.6m population 750 employees

BBOX UK Solar House Systems (SHSs) Congo, Kenya, Rwands (+PNG, Australia)

0.5 population 63,000 children studying

2011 M-KOPA Kenya Solar House Systems (SHSs) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

3m population 2000 employees

Solar Kiosk Germany Prefabricated & scalable Solar Kiosk E-Hubb

Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Ghana, etc.

25K population per E-Hubb

4 jobs per E-Hubb 2012 Off Grid Electric Tanzania Solar House Systems (SHSs) Tanzania, Ghana,

Rwanda, I-Coast 150.000homes 40 jobs/month

Mesh Power UK-US Mini-grids Rwanda, Uganda 70grids operating & 100 in

2019 50 employees

Azuri UK Solar House Systems (SHSs) Tanzania, Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, etc.

97% studying more 50% cost saving

Masuda, Tatsuo, “Electricity Access as a Basic Human Right: How to Replicate Good Practices,”

World Federation of Scientists, Erice Seminar, August 19-24, 2018

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• The Global BrightLight Foundation (GBL) was founded in 2011 by James E. Rogers and Joe Haleto “bring safe, healthy, and cost-effective solar power to people living without access to electricity.”

• Deployed more than 74,000 combined solar home systems and solar lanterns, impacting the lives of an estimated 360,000 people in nine countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

• Conducted projects in Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, Haiti, Guatemala, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Nepal• Process and “lessons learned” provide a model for small-scale effective remediation of energy poverty

Model for Remediating Energy Poverty

“About,” Global BrightLight Foundation, https://globalbrightlight.org/about/, (accessed January 9, 2019)“Global BrightLight Foundation Tackles Energy Poverty Around the World,” November 1, 2016, https://globalbrightlight.org/media-kit/ (accessed January 9, 2019)

Lessons Learned

GBL staffers are available to follow-up on

individual concerns, primarily

warranty issues

Installation of solar lighting and small home solar

panels occurs after the

community agrees to the

proposal.

With the village leader’s support,

GBL staffers make a

presentation to the community.

Once the village is eligible for the “Light a Village program”, GBL reaches out to

the village leader to acquaint with the proposals

GBL does assessment of energy poverty in community

GBL maintains a pipeline of villages that are interested

in the program; referred to GBL from personal (family, etc.)

contacts

The Process

Trust:

• Village leader who must be convinced of the benefits of the program and the ability of GBL to deliver it

• Close contacts maintained by GBL in Latin America help enable this process as they can vouch for the Foundation

Expectations Management:. • Careful not to over promise

• Health, safety, education and economic benefits explained

• Presentation on various topics: information of system features, installation instructions and proper care and maintenance

Ownership:• GBL insists that villagers own the lanterns.

• The cost to villagers usually approximates the cost of the lanterns or about the amount they spend on alternative lighting

• Ownership is also preferable to long-term lease programs.

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• Most useful to connect an entire rural village together as a microgrid, with the potential of evolving to larger scale, and therefore less expensive generation

• Such development would bgreatly facilitated by inexpensive, easily scalable energy storage

Point 4:Exploration of possible technologies to expand these efforts

Categories of Energy Storage Technologies (for Microgrids)

Electro-Chemical Storage

Mechanical Storage

Chemical Storage Thermal Storage

-Lithium Ion Battery -Compressed Air Energy Storage -Hydrogen -Sensible Heat Storage

-Sodium Sulfur Battery -Pumped Hydro

Energy Storage -Methane -Latent Heat Storage

-Lead Acid Battery -Thermal Chemical Energy Storage

-Redox Flow Battery

Most amenable to village scale

storage

Renewables are intermittent and variableCannot be relied upon by themselves to follow load

[1] Barletta, William A., “Energy Storage for Rural Microgrids,” World Federation of Scientists, Erice Seminar, August 19-24, 2018.

Energy Storage Density by Volume and Weight

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Post-Session Updates: Utility 2.0, Africa• Traditional Utility 1.0 models—

monopolistic, unidirectional, and siloed—that have informed power sector design in low energy access (LEA) countries, have rarely created profitable, sustainable energy companies in developing countries, nor have they ended energy poverty

Utilities 2.0: Integrated Energy for Optimal Impact | May 2019 | powerforall.org

• Utility 2.0 model (vs. the current Utility 1.0) project integrated energy for optimal impact

• Central role of DRE minigrids (and microgrid)

• Renewable energy mini-grids: Smart Power initiative in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh powering micro-enterprises and homes in more than 200 villages

• Transformed lives of more than 160,000 people, including small businesses• Report: Rural Electrification in India, Customer Behaviour and Demand* launched in February 2019 shows low-income,

rural consumers are ready and willing to pay for reliable electricity access• Smart Power India mini-grid partners average 97–100% on-time revenue collection, and 80% of household users and

90% of enterprise users report themselves “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with their mini-grid connections• Apply lessons from decentralized rural electrification initiative, Smart Power India, to markets across sub-Saharan

Africa

Post-Session Updates: Smart Power Initiative, India

*Collaboration between Smart Power India (SPI), a subsidiary of the Rockefeller Foundation and the Initiative for Sustainable Energy Policy (ISEP), at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies)

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Lessons to Africa

Thank You

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