overview of biomethane use in...

European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications

11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre

Overview of biomethane use in transport

Marco Tassan

European workshop on biomethane – Markets, value chains and application

11 March 2014 - Brussels

DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre


11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre 2

Current Scenario and lines of action towards the reduction of CO2 emissions

Alternative fuels Road map

Biomaster Project experience



TRANSPORT SECTOR

3

• Total motor vehicles in EU27 are 16.2m units , 19%

of worldwide MV production

• The transport sector directly employs 13 million

people, constituting 5.3% of total employment

• The industry generates 4.6% of the gross domestic

product (GDP).

• The production of transport equipment represents an

additional 1.7% of GDP

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS PROBLEMS

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/facts-and-figures/all-themes/index_it.htm

http://www.acea.be/uploads/statistic_documents/POCKET_GUIDE_13_26.pdf

SAFETY

Road transport is considerably more

dangerous than other mobility systems, even if

the technologies for road safety (such as

braking systems developed and / or other

electronic control devices) are helping to

reduce these figures.

TRAFFIC CONGESTION

The costs arising from traffic and traffic jams

account for about 1% of gross domestic

product (GDP) each year.

ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT

Emissions of greenhouse gases from transport

(including international aviation and maritime)

increased by about 34% between 1990 and

2008. During the same period, the energy

sector has reduced emissions by about 9%.



In the EU-27 demand for both passenger and goods will increase significantly:

approx. +18% and +30% between 2010 and 2030

GpKm: Giga-passenger-kilometer , it measures the Passenger transport activity

Gtkm : 109 gross tonne-kilometres, it measures the Goods transport activity

Source: http://www.fondazionesvilupposostenibile.org/f/Documenti/CO2+Trasporti/cap_5.pdf

TRANSPORT SECTOR



Source: National GHG inventory report, 2012; EEA proxy estimate of 2011 GHG

emissions; national GHG projection data submitted in 2011

CO2 EMISSIONS BY SECTOR

(EU-27)

5

The CO2 emissions of the transport sector have seen growing while there is a decrease in relation to other

sectors as agriculture or energy

In 2008 there was a 25% increase compared to 1990

In 2011, the transport sector produced about 20% of all the CO2 produced by man

GHG emissions - 2010

Transport

Agriculture

Energy use

Energy supply

Industry



CO2 EMISSIONS

• Average emissions of new cars sold in

Europe in 2012 were 132.2 g CO2/km, which

is 2.6 % lower than the previous year.

• Of the large manufacturers, Fiat had the

lowest average emissions (117 g CO2/km).

• Emission limits are set according to the mass

of vehicle, using a limit value curve.(fleet

average of 130 grams of CO2 per kilometre

by 2015 and 95 grams of CO2 per km by

2021)

• If the average CO2 emissions of a

manufacturer's fleet exceed its limit value in

any year from 2012, the manufacturer has

to pay an excess emissions premium for

each car registered

http://www.best-selling-cars.com/europe/2013-q3-europe-best-selling-car-manufacturers-brands/CO2 emissions performanceof car manufacturers in 2012 – European Environment Agency

http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/cars/index_en.htm

• This premium amounts to €5 for the first g/km of exceedance, €15 for the second g/km, €25 for the third g/km, and €95

for each subsequent g/km. From 2019, the cost will be €95 from the first gram of exceedance onwards.



• Fiat group (Fiat Group Automobiles) had the lowest

average CO2 emissions (117 g CO2/km) among the

large manufacturers.

• Over the period 2000–2012, specific CO2 emissions of

new cars registered in the EU by the Fiat group

decreased by 25 %.

• Downsizing, i.e. the shift to smaller and lighter

vehicles, has been one of the drivers for this reduction.

In fact, since 2003 the share of small cars in the Fiat

fleet increased considerably.

• Fiat has the lowest average car mass amongst the

large manufacturers (1 129 kg). The increasing share

of diesel and alternative fuel vehicles in Fiat's fleet,

notably those that run on liquefied petroleum gas

(LPG) and natural gas (NG), has also contributed to

the observed emission reductions.

• The number of LPG and NG vehicles exceeded 19 %

of total Fiat registrations in 2009. This share

decreased to 16 % in 2012. Compared to the previous

year, Fiat reduced emissions by 1 g CO2/km.

ACTIONS TOWARDS THE CO2

EMISSION REDUCTION



ACTIONS TOWARDS THE CO2

EMISSION REDUCTION

System approach in order to identify the right mix of objectives between the various

interventions and in order to reach the best compromise in terms of performance / cost ratio:

the vehicle is part of a transport system and it is integrated with suitable infrastructures

Alternative fuels

contribute



ALTERNATIVE FUELS - ROAD MAP

Today 2020 …

Available technology

- 23% of CO2 emissions than petrol

-75% NOx



CNG is the most eco-friendly fuel available today

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

ROAD MAP

• CNG reduces CO2 emissions

• CNG reduces nitrogen

• oxides emissions

• CNG prevents emission of

noxious substances (i.e.

hydrocarbons, benzene)

• Compared to diesel: no PM10 emissions

• Compared to gasoline



CNG is the second safest fuel, after diesel CNG is the cheapest fuel available today

• According to the EPA standards, CNG is

safer than gasoline and LPG, second only to

diesel

• CNG vehicles (OEM) undergo the same

crash tests of the conventional vehicles

• Compared to after market transformations,

OEM vehicles have a more rational gas

cylinder layout and have better boot capacity

• The kilometric cost of the methane

is considerably lower than the

other standard fuels

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

ROAD MAP




Today 2020 …



-75% NOx

DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=Oj:L:2009:140:0016:0062:en:PDF

BIOMETHANE

EU Mandatory: 10% of transport fuels from renewable energies within 2020



ALTERNATIVE FUEL COMPARISON

• By using biomethane

produced from

renewable sources,

CNG technology offers

the same ecological

advantages as electric

technology using

energy produced from

renewable sources.

• Biomethane produced

from biomasses is a

second generation bio-

fuel with no impact on

food production

• Biomethane can be

distributed through the

existing CNG pipeline

network

Well-to-wheel” emissions – Fiat Panda compared with electric cars in the same segment

* CO2 emissions (Tank-to-wheel): 120 g/km

Source: Fiat data (from the JRC “well-to-wheel” analysis study and others)

THE “WELL-TO-WHEEL” APPROACH




Today 2020 …



-75% NOx

EU Mandatory: 10% of transport fuels from renewable energies within 2020

DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=Oj:L:2009:140:0016:0062:en:PDF

BIOMETHANE



Adding CNG to a fraction of GREEN hydrogen we obtain an advantageous

technology in several aspects: it is possible to take advantage of some properties

of hydrogen for enhancing the already excellent "green" natural gas minimizing

the associated criticity using only hydrogen.

It is a Technology "bridge", enabling investment in hydrogen infrastructure.

Environmental Benefits:

• Fraction of 30% of H2 reduces the CO2 emissions by 11%

compared to natural gas, 31% gasoline and 15% compared to

diesel

• Reduction of polluting emissions (THC, CO and NOx) achieves

EEV and approaches to future Euro VI standard

• Zero PM emissions

• Low noise compared to diesel vehicles

• Equivalent to the same

natural gas vehicle

• Potentially applicable on all

methane platforms using

specific measures to adapt

FLEX-FUEL

H2 from 0 to 30%

Hydro – Methane Blends



The Biomaster Project

Survey of current CNG Users

• The survey done in Biomaster aims to

compare the situation in the four

different BIOMASTER regions

regarding the perception of gas as

vehicle fuel.

• In particular this survey wants to

evaluate the degree of awareness

and acceptance of natural gas and

biomethane in the vehicle market

interviewing selected target groups

of potential private and public users.

• Nowadays the situation in the

BIOMASTER regions is

heterogeneous and can vary as

much from one site to another one.




NGV Vehicles overview

• 3.350 NG filling stations

• 0,5 % market share





• The gas vehicle market is more developed in Italy and Sweden than in UK and Poland.

• On the other hand, Italy does not produce biomethane yet (despite the large number of biogas

plants) as opposed to Sweden where biomethane is already in use.

• UK and Poland have only 70 distributors of methane for cars: in these countries the gas vehicle

market is at an initial stage and need to be more developed.



http://www.alvolante.it/news/mercato-auto-italia-il-consuntivo-del-2013-332809

http://www.ansa.it/documents/1386667264806_Italia_StrutturaMercato_112013.pdf

2013 Registered cars: 1,303 million,

-7.1% compared to 2012

68.059 CNG cars or 5.2% of the total (26.6%)

2012 Registered cars 1,403 million,

-19.8% compared to 2011

53.700 CNG cars equal to 3.81% of the total (40.5%)

2011

Registered cars : 1,749 million,

38.200 CNG cars 2,18% of the total

• Despite the collapse of the car market, there has been an increase in the area of NG

Vehicles

• Italy is the leading country in Europe with the largest number of filling stations (more than

900 compressed natural gas refuelling points)


Survey of current CNG Users - Italy




















• The perception of NGV’s is

good in general and users are

satisfied

• The main reason of purchasing

a NG/Biomethane vehicles is

fuel saving

• The environmental aspect of

NG /Biomethane is a very

important driver for choosing

NGV’s

• NG/biomethane is considered

by the users not more

dangerous than the standard

fuels

• There seems to be a good

general knowledge of

alternative fuels such as

biomethane, although in some

cases, people still get

confusion with name.

• A consistent part of the people

look at biomethane as a further

incentive to buy a CNG vehicle.



• The transport sector is responsible for 23% of CO2 emissions and the continued

demand for mobility determines that a continuous increase must be balanced and

reduced by continuous improvements in vehicle efficiency;

• Among the actions to reduce CO2 emissions alternative fuels from natural gas, which is

already a reality in many countries, can contribute significantly to the reduction of CO2

(it is essential to aim for a strong infrastructure development);

• Fuels from renewable sources such as BIOMETHANE have great opportunities for

development and will play an important role in the near future for transport (target of

10% by 2020), but also for agriculture sector;

• To enable and promote the development and application of fuels from renewable

sources is extremely important to move towards a system approach and supply chain

involving all stakeholders necessary (public administration, companies, research

world,…).

CONCLUSIONS

CRF Trento Branch

20 Novembre, 2010

Overview of biomethane use

in transport

Marco Tassan

Centro Ricerche Fiat S.C.p.A.

Via della Stazione, 27

38123 Fraz. Mattarello TRENTO, Italia

Tel +39 0461 412317 - Fax +39 0461 412325

[email protected]

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