overview of data collection

8/14/2019 OVERVIEW OF DATA COLLECTION

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PRESENTED BY GROUP-IV


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DATA COLLECTION

PRIMARY DATA

SECONDARY DATA

QUALITATIVE TECHNIQUE OF DATA COLLECTION

FIELD WORK

OBSERVATION STUDIES


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Presented byRohit & Rakesh


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data are those data which are collected fresh and fand thus happen to be original in character.

The key point here is that the data youcollect is unique to you and your

research and, until you publish, no one

METHOD OF PRIMARY DATACOLLECTION

There areseveral methods of Primary datacollection, they areInterview method

Through questionnarires Through schedulesother methodObservation method


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Interview method


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Collection of data through

uestionnaires

AdvantageThere is low cost even when large and

widely spread geographical area isconcerned

It is free from the bias of theinterviewer

Respondent have adequate time togive well thought out answerRespondents, who are not easilyapproachable can also reachedconveniently

DisadvantageThe lower rate of return of duly filled inquestionnairesIt can be used only when respondent

are educated and co-operatingThe control over the questionnaire maylost once it sentThis method is likely slowest of all the

methods


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AdvantageIt can be adopted in those cases where

informants are illiterate. There is very little non- response as theenumerators go personally to obtain

the information.

The information received is more reliableas the accuracy of statements can be

checked by supplementary questionswherever necessary.

Collection of data

DisadvantageAmongst the various methods of collectingprimary data, this method is costly asenumerators are generally paid persons.

The success of the methods dependslargely upon the training imparted to theenumerators. Skilled interviewing requires experience

and training, but there is a tendency forstatistics to neglect this extremelyimportant part of the data collectingprocess.


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Observation method

ageantage of this method is that subjective bias is eliminatedservation is done accuratelyrmation under this method relates to what is currently hapthod is independent of respondent

DisadvantagesIt is expensive methodInformation provided by this method is verylimitedSometime unforeseen factors may

interface with the observation task


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Types of observation metho

non-participant

orparticipant

structuredr

nstructured

Disguisedor

undisguised

Naturalor

contrived

personal

mechanical


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Electronicmedia Use of mechanical dev

Consumer panel

Distributor auditWarranteecard

er methods of data collec


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PRESENTED BY

JIM MATHEW


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A secondary source is a publicationreporting data which has beengathered by other authorities and forwhich other are responsible

Secondary DataSources Of Secondary

government. Publication of Semi-GovernmentOrganization.

Publication of ResearchInstitutions. Publication of Business andFinancial Institutions Newspaper and Periodicals Report of Various Committees inCommissions appointed by thegovernment. Publication Of International Bodies

Unpublished Statistics


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Internal Data

External Data

Types Of Secondary

data

Save time and money if on targetAids in determining direction forprimary data collectionLess effort

Advantages Of Secondary


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May not be on target with the researchproblem

Quality and Accuracy of data may pose aproblem

Disadvantages of

secondar Data


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PRESENTED BYGURU

DARSHAN

ec n que a nvo ves ora ques on ng


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Interview

ec n que a nvo ves ora ques on ngof respondents, either individually or as agroup.

Interviewing is a technique that isprimarily used to gain an understanding

of the underlying reasons andmotivations for peoples attitudes,preferences or behavior.

Depth Interviews

Advantages of Depth InterviewsCan uncover deeper insights about

underlying motives than focus groups.Can attribute the responses directly to therespondent, unlike focus groups.Result in a free exchange of informationand there is no social pressure to conform.As a result of probing, it is possible to getat real issues when the topic is complex.

Skilled interviewers capable of conductingdepth interviews are expensive and difficultto find.

The quality and completeness of theresults depend heavily on the interviewer'sskills.The data obtained are difficult to analyzeand interpret.The length of the interview combined withhigh costs limits the number of depth

interviews.


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Delphi Method

In this method opinions are solicitedfrom a number of other managers and staffpersonnel. The decision makers consist of agroup of 5 to 10 experts who will be makingthe actual forecast. The staff personnelassist decision makers by preparing,

distributing, collecting and summarizing aseries of questionnaires and survey results.

Advantages

This method can be used to developlong-range forecasts of product demandand sales projections for new products.A panel of experts may be used asparticipants (respondents).

DisadvantagesThe process can take a long time.Responses may be less meaningful becauserespondents are not accountable due toanonymity.

High accuracy may not be possible.Poorly designed questionnaire will result inambiguous or false conclusions.


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Conditions for a

successful interview

The ResumePractice

Research CompanyBackgroundPoise and ConfidenceDress and Appearance

Self TalkBehavioral QuestionsBuzz WordsImportant Don'tsQuestions


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PRESENTEDBY

APOORVA


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Field work is the fourth step in themarketing research process .It followsproblem definition, development of theapproach and formulation of the researchdesign

General fieldwork/data-collectionprocess is the process which involves theselection, training, and supervision of the

field worker, the validation of fieldwork, andthe evaluation of field workers.


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with the mode of data collection andthe relative emphasis on the differentsteps will be different for telephone,

mail, personal and electronicinterviews.

The quality of field work is high

because the fieldwork /data collectionprocess is streamlined and wellcontrolled.

NATURE OF THE


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General qualifications

fieldworkers need are

Healthy Fieldworkers can be strenuous andthey must the stamina required to do the job.Outgoing- they must be able to establish good

rapport with the respondents.Communicative- effective speaking andlistening skills are greatly required.Pleasant appearance- they should be neatlydressed.

Educated- they must have good reading andwriting skills.


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It is a motivational technique usedwhen asking survey questions toinduce the respondents to enlargeon , clarify , or explain their

answers and to help therespondents to focus on thespecific content of the interview.

PROBING


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How to make initial contact with

the respondents and secure theinterview.How to ask the surveyHow to probe

How to record responsesHow to terminate the interview.

IN-HOUSE TRAINING FORINEXPERIENCED INTERVIEWERS

T e nterv ewer o serves t e o ow ng omp e e e num er o n erv ews accor ng o


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T e nterv ewer o serves t e o ow ngbasic principlesHave integrity and be honest- this iscornerstone of all professional inquiry

Have patience and tact-this is veryimportant while interviewingPay attention to accuracy and detail-never assume you know what a respondent

is thinking or jump to any conclusion.Keep the inquiry and respondentsresponses confidential- Do not discuss thestudies with any one .never violate the

privacy rule.

PRINCIPLES OF GOOD

INTERVIEWING

omp e e e num er o n erv ews accor ng othe sampling plan assigned to you.Follow the directions provided- lack of uniformityin the procedure can create wrong analysis. Hence

follow the directions carefully.Complete the questionnaire meticulously- Followexactly all the rules and regulations of thequestionnaire pattern.Compare your sample execution and assigned

quota with the total number of questionnaires youhave completed- Do not consider your assignmentsdone until you finished this.Clear up any questions with the research agency-

call the agency to get the matter clarified if any.


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PRESENTEDBY

RONELLA

Di t b ti
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Direct observationBy Evaluating taskperformanceParticipative

observation/evaluationQuantitative supervisionmethodsQualitative supervisionmethods.

Supervision of
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OBSERVATION is a technique that involvessystematically selecting, watching andrecording behaviour and characteristics ofliving beings, objects or phenomena.

OBSERVATIO

The perception of the observerIt is an in-depth psychological study of an

event, situation or of behaviour.Its more hidden in natureObservation period is generally of shortduration (frequency).

Observation varies on the base of purposeIts very complex in the process of analysis.

NATURE O

urveys emp as ze ver a responses


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urveys emp as ze ver a responses,while observation studies emphasize andallow for the systematic recording ofnonverbal behaviour.

Behavioural scientists have

recognized that nonverbal behaviour can bea communication process by whichmeanings are exchanged betweenindividuals.

Human
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THANK YOU

for all who havesupported us for

helping us & guidingus for preparation of

this presentationwethank mam for moral

t

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