Overview of Instruments for Onsite Analysis

OverviewProvidedbyAndyGreazelR.G.,CDMSmith

Why Onsite Analysis?

• Real->medecisionmakingforevalua>ngtheextentofcontamina>on• Helpreduceoffsitelaboratorycosts•  Evaluatecontaminateconcentra>onsduringremovalac>ons•  Screeningsoilcorestoiden>fysampleintervals•  Sampleholding>melimita>ons(remotesites)• Reducesamplepackingandshippingcosts

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Tools Available

• Hand-heldGasChromatography–Frog-4000•  FieldportableX-rayfluorescence(FP-XRF)–Niton,Olympus,andmore• Colorimetric–AQRColor-Tec,Cheiron•  Immunoassay–MODERNWATER,• NearInfrared(NIR)-microPHAZIR™

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Hand-held Gas Chromatography - Frog-4000™

• Handheldgaschromatograph(GC)capableofprovidingquan>ta>veresultsforsomeVOCanalytesincludingPCE,TCE,BTEX,VC,chlorinatedalkenes• Containsapreconcentrator,microGCcolumn,anda10.6eVlampphotoioniza>ondetector(PID)• Waterorsoil/watersamplesareplacedinthesparger• Awandisa_achedtotheunitforairsamples•  EPASmallBusinessInnova>onResearchprogramrecipient

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Hand-held Gas Chromatography - Frog-4000™

•  INSERTFrog4000photo

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Frog-4000™

Advantages• Abletoanalyzemul>-media• Providesquan>ta>veresultswithin10minutes•  Smallandeasilyshippedandcarriedaroundsites• Manysamplescanbeanalyzedeachday;resultscanbeusedtomakereal->mesitedecisions

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Frog-4000™

Considera>ons• Bestifoperatedbyachemistandataminimumsomeonefamiliarwithchromatographictechniques• Requirescalibra>onstandards,whichrequirecareinhandlinganddisposal• CannotanalyzeallchemicalsincludedinEPAMethod8260• Regulatorsmayrequiresplitsamplesbeanalyzedbyoffsitelab• Highcosttopurchase;limitedrentalop>ons• Notmanypeoplehaveheardoftheinstrument

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FP-XRF

•  FieldPortableX-rayFluorescence(FP-XRF)• Detec>onlimitsvary;needtocontactmanufactureforinstrumentspecific•  EPAguidance:FieldPortableX-RayFluorescenceSpectrometryfortheDetermina;onofElementalConcentra;onsinSoilandSediment•  FP-XRFsarecapabletoprovidequan>ta>veresultsfor16RCRAmetalsand10non-RCRAmetals(EPA2007)

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FP-XRF

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FP-XRF

Advantages• Canbeusedbymostfieldstaffwithminimaltraining• Availableforrentalfrommanycompanies•  Lowcostpersample;manysamplescanbeanalyzedinaday• Hasbeenusedintheenvironmentalindustryforalong>me

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FP-XRF

Considera>ons•  Sampleswilllikelyrequireprepara>oninthefieldincludingsievinganddrying•  Samplemoisture,soilmatrix,chemicalmatrix,andairtemperaturecaneffectresults• Off-sitesplitsamplesmayberequiredtoconfirmfieldresults•  Expensivetopurchasetheequipment

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Colorimetric - AQR Color-Tec®

• AQRColor-Tec®fieldscreeningtest-kitfortotalchlorinatedhalocarbons• Waterandwater/soilsamplesarecollectedinVOAsforanalysis•  Tes>ngworksbyoxidizingchlorinatedcompoundsandadegrada>oncompound(hydrogenchloride)reactswiththecolorimetrictube• Colorimetricresponseconvertedtoarangeofexpectedequivalentconcentra>onoftotalchlorinatedhalocarbons,ifsamplewasanalyzedbyGC/MS

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Colorimetric - AQR Color-Tec®

ImageSource:www.aqrcolortec.comCDMSmith

Colorimetric - AQR Color-Tec®

Advantages•  Lowcosttorentequipmentandpurchasesamplepacks•  Lowdetec>onlevels(3µg/Land3µg/kg)•  SimpletolearnandimplementinthefieldConsidera>ons• Providesqualita>veresultsoftotalchlorinatedcompoundsandnotindividualchemicals• Costisnotadvantagesun>lgreaterthan20samplesareanalyzed;alsoavailabletorent

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Colorimetric - Cheiron Resources

•  Shakertest,sprays,crystals,andswabsthatdetectthepresenceofsomepetroleumhydrocarbonsandsomechlorinatedcompounds(TCE,TCA,andPCE)issoil• Canbeusedtoiden>fyhotspots,sampleintervals,anddelineateimpactedsoil• Canbeusedtodetermineifoilispresentinwater

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Colorimetric - Cheiron Resources

Advantages•  Easytouseandtestiscompletedwithinminutes•  Testcanbeappliedinmanyfashions• Canbeusedtohelpdeterminethepresenceofpetroleumhydrocarbonsandsomechlorinatedcompounds

Considera>ons•  SomecompoundslikeEsterscaninterferewiththetest• Cannotbeusedbycolorblindpeople• Cannotdetectconcentra>onslessthen500ppm

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Immunoassay

• RaPIDAssay®BTEX/TPH–MODERNWATER•  Requiresextrac>onforsoilsamples;totalanalysis>meisapproximately1hr•  Resultsarequan>ta>vetoqualita>ve,dependinguponknowledgeregardingsourcesofTPH•  Lowlevelofdetec>onspossible(between1and>100PPM)

• RaPIDAssay®PCP•  SimilartoBTEX/TPHtes>ng,butforPentachlorophenol(PCP)andotherorganochlorines•  EPASW-8464010adescribesscreeningforPCPusingimmunoassaytestkits

• Manyimmunoassaytestkitsforpes>cidetes>ng

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Immunoassay

Advantages•  Capableofanalyzingmanysamples‘atonce’;goodforbiggersites•  Canprovidebe_erdatawhencomparedtoshakertestkits•  CananalyzeforavarietyofenvironmentalanalytesConsidera>ons• Mayrequiresomeminorlaboratoryequipmentandpeoplefamiliarwithusingtheequipment•  Sometestrequiremorelabor•  Sometestneedtobeanalyzedinbatchesduetomethodblanks•  Equipmentrentalcosts

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NIR microPHAZIR AS Asbestos Analyzer

• Hand-heldanalyzerthatcandetectthepresenceof:•  Chryso>le•  Crocidolite,•  Anthophyllite•  Tremolite•  Ac>nolite•  Amosite

•  Screeningmaterialsduringdemoli>on/renova>on

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NIR microPHAZIR AS Asbestos Analyzer

Advantages• Canconfirmthepresenceofasbestosinbuildingmaterial•  EasytouseConsidera>ons• Detec>onlimitis>1%andonlythemanufacturehastestedtheproductsdetec>onlimitandthestudywasnotreleased• Requiresoffsiteanalysistoconfirmmaterialsdonotcontainasbestos

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References

•  EPA.2007.FieldPortableX-RAYFluorescenceSpectrometryfortheDetermina>onofElementalConcentra>onsinSoilandSediment.February.

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