overview of production and nutrient content of ddgs
TRANSCRIPT
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Overview of Production and Nutrient Content of DDGSDr. Jerry ShursonDepartment of Animal ScienceUniversity of Minnesota
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What is DDGS?Distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS)
By-product of the dry-milling ethanol industry
Nutrient composition is different between dry-mill, wet-mill and beverage alcohol by-products
DDGS – fuel ethanolDDGS - whiskey distilleriesCorn gluten feed – wet millCorn gluten meal – wet millBrewer’s dried grains – beer manufacturing
Nutrient content depends on the grain source usedCorn DDGS - Midwestern USWheat DDGS - CanadaSorghum (milo) DDGS - Great Plains USBarley DDGS
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By-Products from Dry-Mill Ethanol Plants
Distiller’s grainsWet – 30 to 35% DMDry – 90 to 92% DM
Condensed distiller’s solublesWet – 30 to 32% DM (variable)Dry – 99% DM (new spray drying process developed at U of M)
Distiller’s dried grains with solublesWet – 30 to 35% DMDried – 88 to 90% DM (most common by-product)
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CornCorn Dry-Milling Process Overview
alpha amylase enzyme
CO2
Yeast andGlucoamylaseEnzyme
whole stillage
thin stillage
coarse solids
Feed Industry Co-products
Corn Cleaning
Hammermill Mix SlurryLiquefaction
Cooker
Centrifuge Evaporator
Fermentation
Dist illat ion
Ethyl Alcohol
Cond. DistillersSolubles
Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles
Distillers Wet Grains
Rotary Dryer
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Dry-Milling Average Ethanol Yield Per Bushel (25.4 kg) of Corn
Ethanol 10.2 litersDDGS 8.2 kgCO2 8.2 kg
Slide courtesy of Ms. Kelly Davis, CVEC, Benson, MN
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Under Construction or proposed
Ethanol Plants
Ethanol Plants in North America - June 16, 2004
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320,000900,000
1,800,000
3,000,0003,500,000
7,000,000
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Met
ric T
ons
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Est 2005
U.S. DDGS Production
Source: Steve Markham – Commodity Specialists Company
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U.S. DDGS Consumption
60%
6%
4%
DairyBeefPoultry/Swine & Other
CSC 2004
45%
35%
5%
15%
DairyBeefPoultrySwine
Estimate 2001
46%
39%
4% 11%
DairyBeefPoultrySwineEstimate 2003
Estimate 2002
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U.S. DDGS Exports Are Increasing
0100000200000300000400000500000600000700000800000900000
1996 1998 2000 2002
Metric Tons
Source: Commodity Specialists Company
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Comparison of Corn DDGS to Other DDGS Sources and Other Grain By-products
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Comparison of Nutrient Composition (100% Dry Matter Basis) of Golden DDGS to Corn Gluten Feed, Corn Gluten Meal, Corn Germ Meal, and Brewer’s Dried Grains
0.210.170.080.540.80Available P, %
0.350.330.060.240.06Ca, %
0.280.220.340.080.24Trp, %
1.031.222.310.821.13Thr, %
0.490.671.590.390.55Met, %
1.171.001.130.700.83Lys, %
21303222425628943827ME, kcal/kg
2283No data469433224011DE, kcal/kg
52.9No data9.737.043.6NDF, %
7.91.13.23.310.7Fat, %
28.822.266.923.930.6Protein, %
Brewer’s Dried Grains (NRC)
Corn Germ Meal (Feedstuffs)
Corn Gluten Meal (NRC)
Corn Gluten Feed (NRC)
“New Generation”DDGS (UM)
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Golden Corn DDGS vs. Canadian Wheat DDGS
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Corn DDGS (Gimli, MB) Corn DDGS (Chatham, ON)
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Comparison of Proximate Analysis of U.S. Golden Corn DDGS to Canadian Wheat DDGS (100% Dry Matter Basis)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Moist. Protein Fat Fiber Ash
U.S. CornWheat
%
U.S. Corn = average of values obtained from samples from 9 new dry-mill ethanol plants (Shurson and Whitney, 2004)
Wheat = actual analyzed values of DDGS produced by Mohawk, Minnedosa, MB
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Comparison of Calculated DE, ME, and NE Values for Swine Between U.S. Golden Corn DDGS and Wheat DDGS(100% Dry Matter Basis)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
DE, Kcal/kg ME, Kcal/kg NE, Kcal/kg
U.S. CornWheat
U.S. Corn = average of values obtained from samples from 9 new dry-mill ethanol plants (Shurson and Whitney, 2004)Wheat = actual analyzed values of DDGS produced by Mohawk, Minnedosa, MB DE and ME calculated using equations from Noblet and Perez (1993)NE calculated using equation from Ewan (1989)
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Comparison of Amino Acid Analysis of U.S. Golden Corn DDGS to Wheat DDGS (100% Dry Matter Basis)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Lys Met Cys Thr Trp
U.S. CornWheat
%
U.S. Corn = average of values obtained from samples from 9 new dry-mill ethanol plants (Shurson and Whitney, 2004)
Wheat = actual analyzed values of DDGS produced by Mohawk, Minnedosa, MB
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Comparison of Macro-mineral Analysis of U.S. Golden Corn DDGS to Wheat DDGS (100% Dry Matter Basis)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Ca, % P, % K, % Mg, % Na, %
U.S. CornWheat
U.S. Avg. = average of values obtained from samples from 9 new dry-mill ethanol plants (Shurson and Whitney, 2004)
Wheat = actual analyzed values of DDGS produced by Mohawk, Minnedosa, MB
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Proximate Analysis of Golden DDGS (100% Dry Matter Basis)
11.2ADF, %
42.8NFE, %
7.8Ash, %
6.2Crude fiber, %
11.5Fat, %
31.6Crude protein, %
89.2Dry matter, %
Golden DDGSNutrient
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Comparison of Energy Values of DDGS for Swine (88% DM Basis)
267230983367Range
2820-3916
3162Range
3087-3215
ME, kcal/kg
344934093528Range
2975-4086
3488Range
3418-3537
DE, kcal/kg
DDGS NRC
(1998)
DDGSCalculated
U of M
“New” DDGSTrial avg.U of M
“New” DDGSCalculated
U of M
Corn (NRC, 1998): DE (kcal/kg) = 3484ME (kcal/kg) = 3382
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Comparison of DE and ME Estimates of DDGS for Swine (88% DM)
No data2.673.45NRC (1998)
2.423.25No dataHanor-Hubbard-Ajinomoto (2004)4
2.453.13 – 3.593.73KSU – “Old Generation” (2004)3
2.613.49 – 3.703.87KSU – New Generation (2004)2
No data3.103.41U of M – Traditional (1999)1
No data3.373.49U of M – Golden DDGS (1999)
NE, Mcal/kgME, Mcal/kgDE, Mcal/kg
1 Calculated values2 Determined by growth and metabolism trials (source Dakota Gold)3 Not DDGS but corn gluten from a NE ethanol plant4 Determined by growth trials (source Dakota Gold)
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Comparison of Energy Values of DDGS for Poultry (88% DM Basis)
30972850Range 2650 - 3082
TME, kcal/kg
24802260Range 2090-2418
AME, kcal/kgNRC (1994)Golden DDGS
Source: Noll and Parsons. 2003. Unpublished data.
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Energy Value of DDGS for Ruminants
Good Quality DDGS contains:7-11% more energy than “book values”
10-20% more energy than corn
NEL= 1.00 Mcal/lbNEM = 1.06 Mcal/lb NEG = 0.73 Mcal/lbTDN = 94%DE = 1.84 Mcal/lbME = 1.64 Mcal/lb
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Comparison of Amino Acid Composition of DDGS (88% dry matter basis)
1.271.12 (8.1)1.29 (6.6)Phenylalanine, %0.980.88 (9.1)0.99 (8.7)Isoleucine, %2.432.61 (12.4)3.12 (6.4)Leucine, %0.650.54 (15.2)0.67 (7.8)Histidine, %1.070.81 (18.7)1.06 (9.1)Arginine, %1.231.22 (2.3)1.32 (7.2)Valine, %0.240.17 (19.8)0.22 (6.7)Tryptophan, %0.890.86 (7.3)0.99 (6.4)Threonine, %0.480.44 (4.5)0.63 (13.6)Methionine, %0.590.47 (26.5)0.75 (17.3)Lysine, %
DDGS (NRC, 1998)
Traditional DDGS
Golden DDGS
Values in ( ) are CV’s among plants
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Comparison of Apparent Ileal Digestible Amino Acid Composition of DDGS for Swine (88% dry matter basis)
0.960.600.78Phenylalanine, %0.640.370.63Isoleucine, %1.851.622.26Leucine, %0.400.260.45Histidine, %0.770.530.79Arginine, %0.770.450.81Valine, %0.120.130.13Tryptophan, %0.490.320.55Threonine, %0.340.210.28Methionine, %0.270.000.39Lysine, %
DDGS (NRC, 1998)
Traditional DDGS
Golden DDGS
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True Digestible Amino Acid Levels of Corn DDGS for Poultry (5 Sources)
7567 - 810.740.61 – 0.92Threonine
8276 - 870.180.14 – 0.21Tryptophan
8680 - 900.930.73 – 1.18Arginine
7159 - 830.530.37 – 0.74Lysine
7666 - 850.400.28 – 0.57Cystine
8886 - 900.430.35 – 0.53MethionineAverage
Digestibility Coefficient, %Average
True Dig. Amino Acid, %Amino acid
Source: Noll and Parsons. 2003. Unpublished data.
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Comparison of Phosphorus Level and Relative Availability of DDGS for Swine (88% dry matter basis)
0.030.56No data0.70Available P, %
1477No data90Range88-92
P Availability, %
0.250.730.79 0.78Range
0.62-0.87
Total P, %
Corn NRC (1998)
DDGSNRC (1998)
Traditional DDGS
Golden DDGS
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Comparison of Phosphorus Level and Relative Availability of DDGS for Poultry (88% dry matter basis)
0.390.45Available P, %
5461Range 54 - 68
P Availability, %
0.720.74Total P, %
NRC (1994)Golden DDGS
Source: 2003 Lumpkins, Dale, and Batal, University of Georgia. Abstract.
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Composition of Distiller’s Grains for Cattle
Nutrient % of DMCrude Protein 30-36
RUP, % of CP 47-57NEL, Mcal/lb 1.00Fat, % 9.8ADF, % 19.0NDF, % 38.0Ca, % 0.15P, % 0.83
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Protein Value in Distiller’s Grains for Ruminants
> 30% of DM and more than old “book values”
- Similar for DDG & DDGS
Good source of Ruminally Undegradable Protein (~55% RUP)
- RUP is slightly less for wet vs. dried DDG
Protein quality
- Fairly good quality- Lysine is the first limiting amino acid
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Relative Value of DDGS Differs Depending on Species
$108.00Beef Feedlot
$96.34Swine G-F Diet
$104.66Layer Diet
$100.09Poultry Finisher
$114.24Dairy Lactation Assumptions:
•Corn $2.00 / bu
•SBM $175.00 / ton
•Urea $360.00 / ton
•Non-ruminant diets corn/SBM
•Ruminant diets typical diets with competing by-products.
Feed Dollars/ ton
Source: Tilstra, Land O’ Lakes
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U of M DDGS Web Sitewww.ddgs.umn.edu
We have developed a DDGS web site featuring:* research summaries
- swine, poultry, dairy, & beef- DDGS quality
* presentations given* links to other DDGS related web sites* international audiences
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