overview of solar thermal energy for industry in indiarb/professional...
TRANSCRIPT
Overview of Solar Thermal
Energy for Industry in India
Rangan Banerjee
Department of Energy Science and Engineering
IIT Bombay
Presentation at CEP - Solar Thermal Process Heat Applications in Industry at IIT Bombay on May 7, 2012
Overview
Energy use for Process Heat in Industry – World/ India
Present Energy supply mix
Potential for Solar Thermal for Industrial process heat
Why Solar Thermal? Advantages/ Limitations
2
3
Geothermal*
Renewable Energy Options
Wind
Solar Small
HydroBiomass
Tidal
Energy
Wave
Energy
Ocean Thermal Energy
Solar ThermalSolar
Photovoltaic
4
End-uses
Cooking Transport Electricity HeatingCooling
Cooling Motive
Power
Lighting Heating
Energy Chain
5Source: IPCC Special report 2012
6
End Uses and Technologies for Use of Solar Energy
Solar
Thermal
Low Temperature
(<100 C)
Medium Temperature
(<400 C)
High Temperature
(>400 C)
Box
type
cookers
Flat Plate
/Evacuated
Tube
Collectors
Solar
Chimney
Solar
Pond
Line
Focussing
Parabolic
Parabolic
Dish
Central
Tower
Solar
Water
Heater
Air
Dryer
Power Hot water
for
Industrial
Use
Industrial
Heating
Cooking CookingPower Power Power PowerPower
7
Solar Field Components
Arun Technology CLFR Technology
Parabolic TroughScheffler paraboloid dish
Global Primary Energy Supply
8Source: IPCC Special report 2012
2008 – Total 492 EJ
Thermodynamic Limits
Coal and coal products (21.5)
Crude, NGL, petroleum prod.
(13.6)
Natural gas (18.1)
Renewables (7.5)
Product
(44.6)
Loss
and
waste
(43.0)
Global
industrial
sector
Electricity (22.3)
Heat (4.6)
Total (87.6) Total
(87.6)
Coal and coal products (21.5)
Crude, NGL, petroleum prod.
(13.6)
Natural gas (18.1)
Renewables (7.5)
Product
(25.1)
Loss
and
waste
(59.2)
Global
industrial
sector
Electricity (22.3)
Heat (1.3)
Total (84.3) Total
(84.3)
Units in ExaJoules
Efficiency 51% Efficiency 30%
Energy Exergy
Source: Rosen, GEA
10
Source: IPCC Special report 20122008 – in EJ
11Source: IPCC Special report 2012
Solar Fuels
12Source: Kalougirou , Applied Energy (2003)
13
Cooking with the Sun Concentrators
live.pege.org Balcony system
(Dhule: Ajay Chandak)
14
Solar Cooking
http://gadhia-solar.com/images/steamsystem.jpg
15
Details of world’s largest solar steam cooking system
1. Location of world’s largest solar
steam cooking system
Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh (2002)
2. Capacity 15,000 people (two meals/day)
3. Cost of system including back up
boiler, utensils and AMC for 5 years
Rs. 10.9 million
4. Generation 4000 kg. of steam/day at 180ºC and 10 kg.cm2
5. No. of concentrators 106 automatic tracked parabolic concentrators
of 9.2 m2 reflector area
6. Savings around 1,18,000 diesel per year
16
Arun at Mahanand Dairy, Latur, India
17
Challenges for Solar Power
Solar Insolation and area
required
= 2500 sq.km
= 625 sq.km
Source: World Energy Outlook – 2008, International Energy Agency
1. Limited experience in CSP in the
country
2. Need for cost reduction
3. Need for indigenous technology, system
development
4. Need for demonstration, public domain
information
Estimation of Costs
18Source: IPCC Special report 2012
19
Solar Thermal
Fossil fuel reserves finite
Motivation for energy conservation – Cost Reduction, Emission reduction, Mitigating Climate change
Solar -High Initial capital cost, Low operating cost
Solar – No resource constraint, but variable supply, need for storage
Technology development, R&D – cost reductions
Solar Mission – Thrust on solar
Oil price variation
20http://www.oilnergy.com/1obrent.htm#since88 last accessed May 7,2012
Status Solar Thermal
Industry R&D status Needs
Solar Water Heating Commercial large number of small players
Less experience on ETC Improved design and sizing capabilities
Solar Passive Limited experience Research groups, ECBC, TERI Griha
Training of architects, consultants, assess performance of building
Solar Cooking Community cooking – few suppliers
Testing protocols developed
Need for thermal storage research, innovative designs, need for popularisation
Solar industrial heating Low grade heat – boiler feed water, steam
CLFR, parabolic, dish Need for testing protocol, need for cost reduction
Solar Power Few demonstrations being attempted, large number of projects being announced
Sub-critical, growing interest in industry and academia
Need for consortium long terms approaches, prototypes
Solar cooling, distillation, drying
Limited experience Individual projects, sub-critical
Innovative approaches, goal oriented research, cost reduction
Heat requirement by Temp (Taibi, 2010)
22
23(Taibi, 2010)
Cost of Solar Heat Generation
24Source: IPCC Special report 2012
Industrial Systems Examples
Comments
Panchmahal dairy,
Godha
20,000 lpd 80º C
preheating boiler feed
water
236 flat plate
collectors storage
20,000 litres savings
110 litres/day furnace
oil
Synthokem Labs Pvt.
Ltd.,
10,000 lpd boiler feed
water preheat
16% reduction in
energy cost, 2 years
payback
Kangaroo Industries, Electroplating
100 lpd
GFTCL 120,000 lpd
Boiler feedwater
preheating
1309 collectors,
Payback period 5
years 25
26Source: IPCC Special report 2012
Supply Curve 2050
27
(Taibi, 2010)
Target area
Weather data, area details
Identification and Classification of different end uses by sector (i)
Residential (1)Hospital (2) Nursing
Homes (3)Hotels
(4)Others (5)
POTENTIAL OF SWHS IN TARGET AREA
Technical Potential (m2 of collector area)
Economic Potential (m2 of collector area)
Market Potential (m2 of collector area)
Energy Savings Potential (kWh/year)
Load Shaving Potential (kWh/ hour for a monthly average day)
* Factors affecting the adoption/sizing of solar water heating systems
Sub-class (i, j)
Classification based on factors* (j)
Single end use point
Potential
Base load
for heating
Electricity/ fuel savings
Economic
viability
Price of
electricity
Investment
for SWHS
Technical
PotentialSWHS
capacity
Constraint: roof
area availability
Capacity of
SWHS
(Collector area)
Target
Auxiliary
heating
Single end use point
Micro simulation using
TRNSYS
Hot water
usage pattern
Weather
data
SIMULATION
Auxiliary heating requirement
No. of end
use points
Technical
Potential
Economic
Potential
Economic
Constraint
Market
Potential
Constraint: market
acceptance
Potential for end use sector (i = 1) Potential
for i = 2
Potential
for i = 3
Potential
for i = 4
Potential
for i = 5
Model for Potential Estimation of Target Area
Load Curve Representing Energy Requirement for Water Heating
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Hour of day
En
erg
y C
on
sum
pti
on
(M
W)
Typical day of January
Typical day of May
Total Consumption =760 MWh/day
Total Consumption = 390 MWh/day
53%
Electricity Consumption for water heating of Pune
Total Consumption =14300 MWh/day
Total Consumption = 13900 MWh/day
Total Electricity Consumption of Pune
30
Diffusion of SWH
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
Year
So
lar W
ate
r H
ea
tin
g C
ap
acit
y (
co
llecto
r a
rea
in
mil
lio
n
sq. m
.)..
Actual installed (million sq. m.)Potential 140 million sq. m.Potential 60 million sq. m.Potential 200 million sq. m.Extrapolated Potential (million sq.m.)
Potential = 60 million m 2
Potential = 140 million m 2
Potential = 200 million m 2
Estimated Potential in
2092 = 199 million m2
31
Source: GreenTech Report
32Source: Lansing (1978)
Perform, Achieve , Trade Scheme
33
Source: BEE India
34
Making it happen
Solar Thermal – Hybrid – existing fossil systems, Biomass
Can help control energy costs – oil, electricity replacement < 4 years payback
Need to have pilots in different industries
PAT Scheme – can help – renewables not counted in benchmark
Can help reduce carbon footprint
Conservation Supply Curves for Solar Thermal systems in industry
Cost reduction, Technology improvement
Area, Water, Material scarcity
35
References Renewable Energy in Industrial Applications, An assessment of the 2050
potential, Taibi et al, UNIDO, 2010
Indu R. Pillai and R. Banerjee, ‘Methodology for estimation of potential for solar water heating in a target area’, Solar Energy, Vol.8, No.2, pp 162-17, 2007.
http://gadhia-solar.com/images/steamsystem.jpg
http://live.pege.org http://ipnpr.jpl.nasa.gov/progress_report2/42-44/44Y.PDF (Lansing 1978) World Energy Outlook – 2008, International Energy Agency Kalougirou, Applied Energy, 2003 mnre.gov.in/pdf/greentech-SWH-MarketAssessment-report.pdf, (2010)
Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,2012
Thank you Email: [email protected]