Overview of the Canadian Contribution to INTEX-B

Randall Martin, Aaron van Donkelaar, Thomas Walker, Tom Duck Dalhousie University

Richard Leaitch, Anne Marie Macdonald, Kurt Anlauf, Shao-Meng Li, Desiree Toom-Sauntry, John Liggio, Katherine Hayden, Peter Liu,

Alexandra Steffen Environment Canada

Qi Zhang, SUNY Albany

Ian McKendry, Jeff Lundgren University of British Columbia

Mike Cubison, Jose-Luis Jiminez Colorado University

Doug Worsnop, Aerodyne

Whistler Peak (2182 m)

Measurements since 2002:

Trace Gases: O3, CO, Hg (Tekran)

Particle Physics:

• Particle distributions from 10nm to 20 μm

•TSI SMPS (10 nm to 500 nm), Grimm OPC (400 nm to 20 μm)

Particle Chemistry:

• Filter packs (inorganics, OC/EC)

• High-Resolution Time-of-Flight AMS (WTOF-AMS)

• Moudi impactor samples (inorganics, metals (ICP, XRF))

Particle Light Scattering and Absorption

•Nephelometer, PSAP

Temperature, Dew point, Winds

Indicates additions during the INTEX intensive

Anne Marie MacdonaldEnvironment CanadaEnvironment Canada

50

100

150

200

250

jan mar may jul sep nov

2002

2003

2004

2005

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec

2002

2003

2004

2005

Particle Number dN, >0.3- 30 mdiameter

X Data

dN (

cm-3

)

0

10

20

30

40

CO at Whistler Peak

CO

(pp

bv)

120

160

200

Ozone at Whistler Peak

O3 (

ppbv

)

30

40

50

60

70

80

Date/Time (PST)

17/04/2006 24/04/2006 01/05/2006 08/05/2006 15/05/2006

Tem

pera

ture

(C

)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Rel

ativ

e H

umid

ity (

perc

ent)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

TemperatureRelative Humidity

Whistler Peak: Intensive and Long-Term Measurements

Anne Marie Macdonald

CO

(p

pb

v)

O3 (

pp

bv)

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

03/Jul/02 19/Jan/03 07/Aug/03 23/Feb/04 10/Sep/04 29/Mar/05 15/Oct/05 03/May/06

Calcium(ug/m3)

Apr-26

May-16

Long-term Measurements at Whistler Reveal Unusually Large Events During INTEX-B

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5D

ec/0

1

Ma

r/0

2

Ju

n/0

2

Se

p/0

2

De

c/0

2

Ma

r/0

3

Ju

n/0

3

Se

p/0

3

De

c/0

3

Ma

r/0

4

Ju

n/0

4

Se

p/0

4

De

c/0

4

Ma

r/0

5

Ju

n/0

5

Se

p/0

5

De

c/0

5

Ma

r/0

6

Ju

n/0

6

Sulphate(ug/m3) 16-May-06

Anne Marie Macdonald

High-Resolution Time-of-Flight AMS Regional? Organic Influence

Long-Range Transport Event of Sulfate

Aaron van DonkelaarQi Zhang and John Liggio SO42- (ug m-3)

May 14

May 15

May 16

GEOS-Chem (2 km)

Lidar Measurements Show Subsiding Aerosol Plume During Enhanced Sulfate Period

Tom Duck

Airborne measurements from a Cessna 207

Richard Leaitch

31 project flightsOzone - all flightsCO - 10 flights Particle chemistry - 24 flights

(Quad-AMS and single filter for major ions)Particle number and size - all flights

(CPC, PCASP, FSSP300)Particle light scattering - all flights

(Radiance nephelometer)

Cessna - C130, Whistler Summit Comparison: May 3rd

Aaron van Donkelaar and Richard Leaitch

r=0.88 slope=1.70

r=0.63 slope=1.79

r=0.91 slope=1.20

Aaron van Donkelaar and Richard Leaitch

r=0.98 slope=1.28

Cessna - C130, Canada-US Border Comparison: May 9th

Richard Leaitch

Profile Often Revealed Enhanced Sulfate Above ~3 km and Enhanced Organic Aerosol Below

Intex-B, Flight 14 - May 3 pm, 2006

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4Particle Mass Cn (g m-3); Particle Number Cn (cm-3)

Alti

tude

(m

-MS

L)

F300 >1umPCASP <0.6um mass est.AMS SO4AMS Organics

Sulfate Plume at 2 km, Coincident with SummitIntex-B, Flight 29 - May 15 am, 2006

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 1 2 3 4 5Particle Mass Cn (g m-3); Particle Number Cn (cm-3)

Alti

tude

(m

-MS

L)

F300 >1umPCASP <0.6um mass est.AMS SO4AMS Organics ADLAMS NO3

Richard Leaitch

Puzzling Organic Enhancement at 4 km

Intex-B, Flight 32 - May 16 pm, 2006

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30Particle Mass Cn (g m-3); Particle Number Cn (cm-3)

Alti

tude

(m

-MS

L)

F300 #>1umPCASP <0.6um mass est.AMS Organics ADLAMS SO4AMS NO3

Richard Leaitch

Campaign Average Aerosol Profiles

Aaron van Donkelaar and Richard Leaitch

AMS measurements scaled using PCASP size distribution (assume internally mixed) to total mass concentration for comparison with GEOS-Chem

Likely an upper limit

Sulfate

OrganicNitrate

April 22-25 Plume: Sulfate Primarily of Asian Origin

SO42- (ug/m3)

Aaron van Donkelaar

Simulations use 2006 Asian emissions

GEOS-Chem

No Asia

AMS scaled (using PCASP)

likely an upper limit

GEOS-Chem at 675 hPa on April 24

East Asian SO42- (ug m-3)

Sulfate is a Major and Growing Contributor to AOD

Ae

rosol O

ptica

l De

pth

%

simula

ted

A

OD

from

SO

4=

MODIS

GEOS-Chem (2006 Asian Emissions)

GEOS-Chem (2006 Asian Emissions)

Aaron van Donkelaar

INTEX-B Average

Asian Emissions and Lightning NOx Contribute to O3 Observed on West Coast

Thomas Walker

GEOS-Chem (2006 emis)

GEOS-Chem (No lightning)

GEOS-Chem (No Asian NOx)

Measured

Asian and Lightning NOx Emissions Contribute to the OMI Ozone Columns

Thomas Walker

GEOS-Chem (2006 NOx Emis)

GEOS-Chem (2006 – No Asian NOx) GEOS-Chem (2006 – No Lightning)

OMI / MLS Tropospheric Residual

Tro

p O

3 (DU

)Δ

Tro

p O

3 (DU

)

PostersPostersRichard Leaitch et al., Summary of the Canadian airborne measurements during INTEX-B

Anne Marie Macdonald et al., Overview of measurements at Whistler Peak during INTEX-B

John Liggio et al., Application of principal component analysis to aerosol mass spectrometry data from a high-elevation site in Whistler, BC

Qi Zhang et al., A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer study on size-resolved aerosol composition at the peak of Whistler Mountain during INTEX-B

Aaron van Donkelaar et al, Long-range transport of Asian sulfur emissions to Canada

Thomas Walker et al., Long-range transport of NOy and O3 during INTEX-B: Satellite, aircraft, and model perspectives

FundingFunding

NSERC

Environment Canada