overview of the instream flow/fish habitat element of the...
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Overview of the Instream Flow/Fish Habitat Element of the WRIA 1 Watershed Management
Project
ByJeremy Freimund, P.H.
January 31, 2006
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Presentation OutlineGeneral Overview
Instream Flow and Fish Habitat (ISF/FH) Technical Teams Goals of ISF/FH Element of ProjectWhy are we doing ISF/FH ElementHow Work Was Conducted
Details of Applied Methods and Work ProductsModeling Process and ResultsSpecies and Life Stage PrioritizationDecision Support InformationStratification/Extrapolation
Schedule/Next StepsSummary
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General Overview
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ISF/FH Technical TeamsISF Tech. Team Lead: Jeremy Freimund (LIBC)Fish Habitat Technical Team Co-Leads:
Chris Fairbanks (PUD No. 1)John Thompson (Whatcom County)
Important other contributors/participants include:Lummi Nation, Nooksack Tribe, WDFW, Ecology, Whatcom County, Utah State University, PUD No. 1, Bellingham, Diking and Drainage Caucus, Anvil Corporation
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Goals of ISF/FH Element of Project
Accurately estimate the relationship between stream flow and fish habitat quantity and quality for different fish species and life stages in WRIA 1.Integrate results with results from water quantity and water quality elements of project and support salmon recovery efforts.
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Why are we doing ISF/FH ElementTo enable knowledge-based decision making based on the best available scienceInstream flow needs inextricably linked to water quantity and water qualityTo take action in response to ESA listingTo address tribal water right claimsTo help determine the amount of water available for in- and out-of-stream uses
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How Work Was ConductedThree Step Technical Process:
1. Identification of the methods to be used (best available science) to estimate the relationship between stream flow and fish habitat quantity and quality
2. Application of selected methods3. Recommend initial ecological flow regimeSelection and Adoption Phase
Instream Flow Selection and Adoption Action Plan
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Step 1. Identify Methods
WRIA 1 Watershed Management Project Instream Flow Methods Conference September 15-17, 1999Local, Regional, National, and International experts participated in the conferencePeer-reviewed report issued on conference results March 2000 Concept of Ecological Flow Regime
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Step 1. Ecological Flow Regime
Water Quality Maintenance Flow
Fisheries Baseflow
Channel Maintenance Flow
Riparian Maintenance FlowValley Maintenance Flow
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Step 2. Application of Selected MethodsUtah State University (USU) selected to implement agreed to methods – (Thom Hardy and Craig Addley)Field data collected at 13 “intensive” study sites in 2000Field data collected at 9 “intensive” and 5 “rapid assessment” sites during 2001Field data initially collected at a total of 27 sitesHabitat Suitability Criteria (HSC) Workshop held Oct. 10-12, 2000Modeling/analysis of field data initiated during summer of 2001
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Step 2. Study Site LocationsStudy sites were identified by consensus of ISF/FH Technical Team membersSites selected based on factors including:
Representativeness of siteAvailability of fish utilization data (e.g., spawner surveys, smolt traps)Ecology “overlap” sites (n = 16)Management issues overlay
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Step 2. Study Site Locations
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Step 2. ExtrapolationExtrapolation workshop from April 2-3, 2002
Identify approach to extrapolate relationships between stream flow and fish habitat quantity and quality to downstream end of each drainage in WRIA 1.Approach based on stratification of the 172 drainages in WRIA 1 into self-similar clusters.Field data collected at 14 sites during 2003 and 2004 to validate extrapolation methods.Field data collected at a total of 41 sites (27 initial sites and 14 validation sites)
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Step 3. Instream Flow SelectionInstream Flow Selection Methodology Symposium May 29-30, 2002 (technical, legal, policy experts)In July 2002, the Joint Board established an Inter-governmental Instream Flow Working Group to develop a draft Instream Flow Selection and Adoption Action Plan.June 2005, Instream Flow Selection and Adoption Action Plan adopted as part of the WRIA 1 Watershed Management Plan – Version 1.Selection and Adoption Action Plan has two “pilot” watersheds: Middle Fork Nooksack and Bertrand Creek
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Details of Applied Methods and Work Products
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Overview of Instream Flow Technical Element
Stage-Discharge Relation
105.4105.6105.8106.0106.2106.4
0 20 40 60Discharge (cms)
Stag
e (m
)
Method Selection Site Selection Field Data Collection Literature Review
Utah State University Scientists
WRIA 1 Instream Flow and Fish Habitat
Technical Teams
Mod
el C
alib
ratio
n
Data Analysis Computer Modeling Decision Support Information
Habitat Suitability Criteria
Juvenile Chinook
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cover/Substrate Code
Suita
bilit
y In
dex
Juvenile Chinook
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Depth (ft)
Suita
bilit
y In
dex
Juvenile Chinook
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Velocity (ft/sec)
Suita
bilit
y In
dex
Data Collection
Available Habitat Versus Streamflow
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Flow (cms)
Wei
ghte
d U
sabl
e A
rea
(m2 )
Hydraulic Data and Channel Structure Representation
(i.e., Computational Mesh)
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Nooksack River, South Fork UpperAll Modeled Species and Life Stages
Depth, Velocity, and Substrate
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Flow (cms)
WU
A (m
2 )
Chin_Ho lding
Chin_J uv
Chin_Spawn_LR
Chin_Spawn_R
Chin_Spawn_S
Chum_Spawn_Fall
Chum_Spawn_Sum
Co ho _J uv
Co ho _Spawn
P ink_Spawn
So ckeye_Spawn
Bull_Spawn
Rain_J uv_Ad_Winte r
Ra in_Spawn
Rain_J uv_Ad
Steelhead_Spawn
Steelhead_Spawn
Tro ut_Stee lhead_Fry
Chin_Fry
Chin_Fry_Gen
Co ho _Fry
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Middle Fork Nooksack - All Modeled Adult (Depth, Velocity and Substrate)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
Flow (cfs)
WU
A (s
quar
e fe
et/1
000
feet
)
Chinook Holding Rainbow Adult Cutthroat Adult
Native char Adult Rainbow Winter Mountain whitefish Adult
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Middle Fork Nooksack - All Modeled Adult (Depth, Velocity and Substrate)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
Flow (cfs)
Perc
ent o
f Max
imum
Hab
itat
Chinook Holding Rainbow Adult Rainbow Winter
Cutthroat Adult Native char Adult Mountain whitefish Adult
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Middle Fork Nooksack Chinook Salmon
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
Flow (cfs)
WU
A (s
quar
e fe
et/1
000
feet
)Chinook Spawn Stream Chinook Spawn River Chinook Spawn Large RiverChinook Fry Chinook Holding Chinook Juvenile
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Middle Fork Nooksack Chinook Salmon
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 100
Flow (cfs)
Perc
ent o
f Max
imum
Hab
itat
Chinook Spawn Stream Chinook Spawn River Chinook Spawn Large RiverChinook Fry Chinook Holding Chinook Juvenile
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Table 1. Recommended rules for determination of priority species/lifestages in the lower and upper watersheds. Geographic
Subarea
Species Present Priority
Species/Lifestages
Months Chinook spawning September – November Fall Chum spawning in current known distribution, otherwise coho spawning
December – January
Steelhead spawning February – July
If chinook, chum, coho, steelhead present, then:
Steelhead incubation (2/3 of spawning flow) (consider also steelhead juvenile rearing)
August
Chinook spawning September – November Coho spawning December – January Steelhead spawning February – July
If chinook, coho, steelhead present (no chum), then:
Steelhead incubation (2/3 of spawning flow) (consider also steelhead juvenile rearing)
August
Steelhead incubation (2/3 of spawning flow) (consider also steelhead juvenile rearing)
August
Steelhead juvenile rearing September Fall chum spawning in current known distribution, otherwise coho spawning
October – January
Lower Watersheds (downstream of the confluence of the North and South forks of the Nooksack River near Deming, coastal streams including Whatcom Creek, and Sumas River drainage)
If coho, chum, steelhead present (no chinook), then:
Steelhead spawning February – July
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Middle Fork Nooksack USGS Gage #12208000January Flow Duration Curve
Periods of Record: 1920-1921, 1934-1935, 1954, 1964 -1968, 1969 -1970, 1992-2003. Years of Record: 19
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Percent Exceedence
Flow
(CFS
)
175 cfs
1,200 cfs
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Decision Support Information
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Comparison of Recommended Instream Flow and Flow Exceeded 10%, 50%, and 90% of the Time With USU Flows for Variable Maximum Percentage of Available Habitat:
Middle Fork Nooksack River Site
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Month
Dis
char
ge (c
fs)
IFRecom 100% Max Habitat 99% Max Habitat95% Max Habitat 90% Max Habitat 85% Max Habitat10% Exceedence Flow 50% Exceedence Flow 90% Exceedence Flow
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Comparison of Recommended Instream Flow and Flow Exceeded 10%, 50%, and 90% of the Time With USU Flows for Variable Maximum Percentage of Available Habitat:
Bertrand Creek
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Month
Dis
char
ge (c
fs)
IFRecom 100% Max Habitat 99% Max Habitat95% Max Habitat 90% Max Habitat 85% Max Habitat10% Exceedence Flow 50% Exceedence Flow 90% Exceedence Flow
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Stratification/Extrapolation
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URice: Cluster 1
Oct Jan Apr Jul
-1.0
0.0
1.0
Month
Zsc
ore
s o
f M
MF
s
UR: Cluster 2
Oct Jan Apr Jul
-1.0
0.0
1.0
MonthZ
sco
res
of
MM
Fs
BRl: Cluster 3
Oct Jan Apr Jul
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
Month
Zsc
ore
s o
f M
MF
s
BRm: Cluster 4
Oct Jan Apr Jul
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
Month
Zsc
ore
s o
f M
MF
s
BRh: Cluster 5
Oct Jan Apr Jul
-1.0
0.0
1.0
Month
Zsc
ore
s o
f M
MF
s
BL: Cluster 6
Oct Jan Apr Jul
-1.5
-0.5
0.5
Month
Zsc
ore
s o
f M
MF
s
ULw: Cluster 7
Oct Jan Apr Jul-1
.00
.01
.0
Month
Zsc
ore
s o
f M
MF
s
ULn: Cluster 8
Oct Jan Apr Jul
-0.5
0.5
1.5
Month
Zsc
ore
s o
f M
MF
s
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Selection and Adoption Action Plan
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Concentric Circle Model of Consensus Decision-Making Intergovernmental Working Group (City of Bellingham, Whatcom County, PUD No.1, Lummi Nation, Nooksack Indian Tribe, Ecology, Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife, NOAA , USFS, and EPA) Planning Unit (Governmental and water interest caucus representatives) WRIA–wide Affected Parties
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Intergovernmental Instream Flow Working Group Develops initial flow recommendations to be
approved by the Joint Board and Planning Unit
Technical
Work
Government to Government Negotiated Settlement (Federal, State, Tribes)
Ecology Instream Flow Rulemaking
WRIA 1 Planning Unit
- Involved in initial target flow development.
- Take actions to improve conditions, e.g., conservation, reuse
Interested and affected Parties in Drainages
- Involved in initial target flow development.
- Take actions to improve conditions, e.g., conservation, reuse
= WRIA 1 Project RCW 90.82 Process = Settlement Negotiation Process = State Rule Making Process
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Yes
No
No No
Yes
Start
Establish Intergovernmental
Instream Flow Working Group
Complete Technical Work to Identify
Ecological Flow Regime, Current and Future Out-of-Stream Needs; Begin Identifying Initial Target Flows for the Drainage
Provide Pertinent Information to
Affected Parties and Provide Opportunities for Affected Parties to
Ask Questions, Identify Their Needs,
and Discuss Management Options
Identify Actions to Reduce Out-of-Stream
Needs or Increase Supply and/or Storage
End Flow Regime Acceptable to
Parties Identified – Proceed to Adoption Process
Is there Enough Water?
Is there Enough Water?
Evaluate the Effects of Reduced Initial Target Flows on Fish Habitat
Is there Enough Water?
End Flow Regime Acceptable to
Parties Identified – Proceed to Adoption Process
End Flow Regime Acceptable to
Parties Identified – Proceed to Adoption Process
Yes
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Schedule/Next StepsExtrapolation Methods Reports due in February 2006All preliminary draft reports from USU due on March 17, 2006; comments on preliminary draft reports due on April 21, 2006All draft reports from USU due on June 9, 2006; comments on draft reports due July 14, 2006.All Final Draft 1 reports submitted to Independent Peer Review panel on August 25, 2006; Peer Review panel comments due by November 3, 2006.All Final Draft 2 reports from USU due on January
5, 2007; Final Approval February 9, 2007
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Schedule/Next StepsPilot Flow Negotiations for Middle Fork Nooksack and Bertrand Creek continue during 2006February 9, 2006, City of Bellingham to identify out-of-stream needs.Out-of-stream needs to be identified for Bertrand Creek during Spring 2006; start “pump and dump” test Spring 2006.
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SummaryThe overall goal of the WRIA 1 Watershed Management Project is to have water of sufficient quantity and quality to meet the needs of current and future human generations.This goal includes the restoration of salmon, steelhead, and trout populations to healthy and harvestable levels, and the improvement of the habitats upon which fish rely.An essential step in achieving this goal is to develop the technical information necessary to evaluate instream and out-of-stream needs.
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SummaryThis technical information must be evaluated in light of legal and policy considerations to determine how to meet the overall goal of the WRIA 1 Watershed Management Project.The goal of the instream flow analysis element of the WRIA 1 Watershed Management Project is to accurately estimate the relationship between stream flow and fish habitat quantity and quality for different fish species and life stages, and the maintenance of ecological health at selected locations throughout WRIA 1.