1

Overview of the Sounding Water vapor, Ozone, and Particle

(SWOP) project during the Asian summer monsoon (2009~2015)

Jianchun Bian, Zhixuan Bai, Jinqiang Zhang, Yuejian Xuan, Qian Li, Yunjun Duan (LAGEO/IAP/CAS)

Holger Voemel, Laura Pan (NCAR)

Dale Hurst, Ru-shan Gao, Emrys Hall, Allen Jordan, Samuel Oltmans (ESRL/NOAA)

Frank Weinhold (ETH)

Outline

• Scientific motivations

• Location & Instruments

• Campaigns & Data information

• Some results

• Future plan

Motivations

Importance of in situ observations:

Satellite validation over this region

For understanding transport and microphysical

process in the UTLS

4

Campaign Locations

• ASM anticyclone spans

subtropical Asian continent

between 20–40N, higher

tropopause

• KM (25N, 103E) within

southeast edge of anticyclone,

influenced by the air mass

from outside

• LH (30N, 91E) @ anticyclone

center and almost consistently

within anticyclone limit

Bian et al. GRL, 2012

Highest !

5

Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector (COBALD - ETH) ci. & aerosol

Frost Point Hygrometer (FPH - NOAA GMD) H2O & RHi

Cryogenic Frost-point Hygrometer (CFH - Vömel) H2O & RHi

Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) Ozonesonde O3

Radiosonde: P, T, U, winds (u,v) (iMet)

Balloon-borne sondes

See talk of Frank

Weinhold (tomorrow)

POPS – a newcomer in 2015

Measure aerosol profiles of size spectrum

– Talk of Ru-shan Gao (tomorrow)

LS

KM

2010 Aug 22-28

12 CFH/ECC

3 Cobald

2013 Aug 3-26

22 CFH/ECC

18 Cobald

Seven IOPs during 2009-2015

2009, Aug 7-13

11 CFH/ECC

2011, Sep 12-15

4 CFH/ECC

2012, Aug 11-Sep 6

18 CFH/FPH

38 ECC , 12 Cobald

2014, Aug 13-22

10 CFH/ECC/Cobald

2015, Aug 3-18

12 CFH/ECC/Cobald

Sounding & Instruments

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1=ECC; 2=1+CFH; 3=2+CBD; 4=3+POP

O3 → H2O → cirrus +aerosol → aerosol

K

K

K

K

K

L

L

2009

2015

AUGUST SEPT Dates:

Details to be seen in talk of J-P Vernier

(tomorrow)

Junge

ATAL

Vernier et al. JGR 2015 CALIOP

COBALD

1. COBALD data confirms the ATAL finding from CALIOP

Obs. highlights – ATAL issues

1. Enhance 14-

19km

2. Extend 2km

above CPT

3. Interstitial

aerosol

2. POPSs see size distribution profile in the ATAL

Details to be seen in talk of Ru-Shan Gao

Ci.

Obs. highlights – ATAL issues

Detect by

COBALD

H2O rel. diff. (MLS CFH)

<5% above 68mb

+7% @83mb

7% @100mb

larger bias & dev.

Similar plot Can be found in

Yan et al. AMTD, 2016

316

261

215

178

147

121

100

83

68

56

46

38

Obs. highlights – MLS Validation

O3 rel. diff. (MLS ECC)

Yan et al. AMTD, 2016

bias abrupt jump

Obs. highlights – MLS Validation

1. CPT variables

RESULTS -- Statistics

KM H: 17.300.43

T: 193.71.7

Θ: 384.2 8.4

LH H: 17.540.53 +0.24km

T: 195.2 1.7 +1.5K

Θ: 390.4 10.3 + 6K

TC4

H: 16.6 0.7 km

Θ: 375.1 13 K

Pan et al. JGR, 2014

1. CPT variables

min H2O locates @ 2 km above CPT - ”tape recorder”

RESULTS -- Statistics

KM LH

2. Interannual variation

of H2O in UTLS

Decoupled with lower levels

Interannual variation tuned by T?

RESULTS -- Statistics

ATAL

3. RHi, super-saturation, cirrus

Supersaturation fraction

Cirrus fraction

2-layer

RESULTS -- Statistics

KM

Inside cloud

KM

For Lhasa

KM

LH

Supersaturation fraction Cirrus fraction

RHi & Cirrus - detected by COBALD BSR_blue

1. Generally, high

RHi cirrus,

but sometimes

no.

2. In situ obs has

finer RHi &

cirrus

structure

1 10 100 1000Backscatter Ratio; Color Index

4

8

12

16

20

GP

S A

ltitude (

km

)

2010-05-27 0 50 100 150RHi (%)

4

8

12

16

20

-80 -60 -40 -20 0Temperature (deg)

870 nm

455 nm

CI

Tair

Tfrost

RHi

CPT

Case 1:

A deep layer of

supersaturated

air & cloud

Some cases

2010-08-27, Lhasa

Cloud

layer

aerosol

22

Kunming,

20 Aug’12

Supersaturation @

light cirrus;

Low RHi @ dense

cirrus,

Extra H2O taken

by dense cirrus.

Case 2:

Anti-correlation

between cirrus layer

and supersaturation

Some cases

Also reported using

Global Hawk data.

Jensen et al., PNAS, 2013

23

0 2 4 6 8 10Water vapor mixing ratio (ppmv)

14

16

18

20

22

Altitu

de

(km

)

1 2 3 4BSR

0 20 40 60 80 100RHi (%)

H2O mixing ratioRHiBSR_RedBSR_Blue

Case 3:

Aerosol-cirrus coupling:

Hygroscopic swollen,

or evaporation?

Some cases

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000Water vapor Mixing Ratio (ppmv)

10

100

1000

Pre

ssure

(hP

a)

Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv) 10 100 1000 10000

-60 -30 0Temperature (C)

1 10 100 1000Water vapor Mixing Ratio (ppmv)

Ozon

e M

ixin

g R

atio

(ppb

v)

14:11:00 200908081000

100

30

300

O3: 35 ppb

H2O: 2.0 ppm → -84ºC

CPT: -80.89ºC

@100mb

Case 4: Typhoon transport followed

by fast advection

Some cases

Details to be seen in talk of Baerbel Vogel

Case 5:

Typhoon convection &

extra-tropical isentropic

advection.

Some cases

Field Campaign in 2016 Summer

Kunming

Lhasa

Gêrzê Tuotuohe

O3, H2O, particle O3

Xining

Lidar

4300m 4700m

• 15 soundings

• Mid-Jul to Aug

• 6+4 POPS

To coordinate with StratoClim Field Campaign

Summary

• First in situ measurement

within the ASM anticyclone.

• Highlights related to ATAL,

MLS validation, TTL

structure, RHi-

supersaturation-cirrus,

cirrus-aerosol coupling,

dynamical transport, …

Interested in SWOP data:

bjc@mail.iap.ac.cn

Thanks for your attention!

Pan et al. JGR, 2014