PBN PROCEDURE DESIGN OVERVIEW

1

What is Procedure Design

PBN Procedure Design 2

Procedure Design - Holding Procedure

PBN Procedure Design 3

Design Parameters • Alignment • Entry Procedures • Time vs Distance Limit • Turn parameters • Accountable wind vs

altitude • Temperature vs altitude • Aircraft Category • True Airspeed vs

Indicated Airspeed • Airspace Containment

WELLINGTON

Procedure Design - Holding Procedure

PBN Procedure Design 4

Obstacle Clearance

RNAV Principles 5

Design considerations

OBSTACLE EVALUATION

RNAV Principles 6

Design considerations

OBSTACLE EVALUATION

ICAO GNSS Concept

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Satellite Based (SBAS)

Ground Based (GBAS)

A/C Based (ABAS)

Augmentation

Geostationary

EGNOS WAAS MTSAS GAGAN

R.A.I.M Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring

A.A.I.M Aircraft autonomous integrity monitoring

Augmentation Systems

RNAV Principles 8

SBAS Approach with Vertical Guidance - APV I and II

GBAS Precision Approach

ABAS Approach with Vertical Guidance - Non-precision Approach (NPA) + VNAV

Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)

RNAV Principles 9

Reference Stations

Central Processing Facility Computes corrections and integrity data. Uplinks to GEO via CS

Connection Station

GNSS

GEO Stationary Satellite

Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS)

RNAV Principles 10

VHF Data Broadcast (VDB) Broadcasts corrections and

final approach segment data

Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS)

Multi-Mode Receiver

Aircraft Based Augmentation System (ABAS)

RNAV Principles 11

• Based on redundancy of the signal used in the position computation

• RAIM: Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor – Uses signal from one system (GPS) – Requires 5 satellites for fault detection (6 for

fault detection and exclusion) • AAIM: Aircraft Autonomous Integrity Monitor

– For multi-sensor aircraft – Uses information from other sensors

ICAO GNSS Concept

Integrity - the ability to provide timely warnings when the system is not safe to use. IMAL - Integrity Monitoring and Alarm Limit. The value depends of the phase of flight.

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INTEGRITY

Accuracy of position

IMAL Value

GNSS position

GNSS position exclusion

Application in relation to area of operation

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OCEANIC REMOTE

EN ROUTE

TERMINAL

APPROACH

RNP 2

RNP 1

RNP APCH

RNP 4

RNAV 5

RNAV 2

RNP AR APCH

RNAV 2

RNAV 1

RNAV 1 ADVANCED RNP (ARNP)

RNAV 10

RNP 2

ADVANCED RNP (ARNP)

ADVANCED RNP (ARNP)

ADVANCED RNP (ARNP)1

RNP 0.3 used to support helicopter RNP operations in all phases of flight except final approach. 1 Optional requirements include applications for oceanic/remote airspace

RNAV Operations

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EN-ROUTE TERMINAL APPROACH

AIRWAYS PDR

SID/STAR INITIAL

NPA APV PA

APV I

APV II

Baro VNAV CAT I

CAT II

CAT III

Participants in the development of IFP

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Design considerations

Fly-by

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Flyover

WAYPOINT TYPE

Design considerations

• The fix tolerance consists of: – Along-Track Tolerance (ATT); and – Cross-Track Tolerance (XTT)

• ATT and XTT values varies with different navigation sensors

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XTT

ATT

Nominal Path

Waypoint

WAYPOINT FIX TOLERANCE

Minimum Stabilization Distance

RNAV Principles 18

The minimum distance to complete a turn manoeuvre and after which a new manoeuvre can be initiated.

Minimum Stabilization Distance

RNAV Principles 19

Flyby Waypoint

Minimum Stabilization Distance

RNAV Principles 20

Flyover Waypoint

Design considerations

RNP APPLICATION • XTT = TSE value = RNP value • ATT = 0.8 XTT

– FTE do not affect longitudinal error RNAV APPLICATION • Sensor dependent • For ground based sensor, tolerance depends on TSE • For GNSS sensor, tolerance depends on TSE or IMAL

– If IMAL is greater than FTE, XTT = IMAL

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TOLERANCES (XTT, ATT and SEMI-WIDTH)

Integrity Monitoring Alarm Limit (IMAL) allows aircrew to detect that the signal in space (NSE) is not achieving the required navigation performance

Desired Route

!

!

Design considerations

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Area Width for RNP application

NAV SPEC + SENSOR ATT, XTT, BV PROTECTION

AREA WIDTH RNP

Area Width for RNAV application

NAV SPEC + SENSOR ATT, XTT, BV PROTECTION

AREA WIDTH

AREA WIDTH

Design considerations

RNAV Arrivals 23

ALIGNMENT

RNAV Principles 24

• Descent Gradient = Δh/TRD

• 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇 − 𝑟𝑟1 tan θ12

− 𝑟𝑟2 tan θ22

+ 𝑟𝑟1π180

× θ12

+ 𝑟𝑟2π180

× θ22

Where: D = segment length Θ1 = turn angle (degrees) at the beginning of the segment Θ2 = turn angle (degrees) at the end of the segment r1 = turn radius at the beginning of the segment r2 = turn radius at the end of the segment

IAF

IF

FAF

𝑟𝑟2

𝑟𝑟1

θ1

2

θ2

2 Θ2

Θ1

Design considerations

DESCENT GRADIENT

RNAV Principles 25

MOC

MOC

SEGMENT OCA

OCA/H

IF FAF

PROCEDURE ALTITUDE

Design considerations

OBSTACLE EVALUATION

RNAV Principles 26

Design considerations

OBSTACLE EVALUATION

Track to a fix (TF) Direct to a fix (DF)

Course to an altitude (CA) Constant radius arc to a fix (RF)

Design considerations

PBN Procedure Design 27

LEG TYPES

Initial and final path terminators

RNAV Principles 28

PBN Procedure Design 29

Fly-by turn with TF legs

Design considerations

AREA CONSTRUCTION

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Turning altitude/height, followed by a DF leg

Design considerations

AREA CONSTRUCTION

PBN Procedure Design 31

Turning altitude/height, followed by a CF leg

Design considerations

AREA CONSTRUCTION

Publication considerations

PBN Procedure Design 32

AIRAC Cycle Design validation Data integrity Coding tables Charting

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Thank You

Departure

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Design considerations

AREA CONSTRUCTION

PBN Procedure Design 35

Flyover turn with a TF leg after the turn

Design considerations

AREA CONSTRUCTION

PBN Procedure Design 36

Flyover turn, followed by a DF leg

Design considerations

AREA CONSTRUCTION

PBN Procedure Design 37

Flyover turn, followed by a DF leg

Design considerations

AREA CONSTRUCTION

PBN Procedure Design 38

Missed approach turning altitude/height, followed by a DF leg

Design considerations

AREA CONSTRUCTION

PBN Procedure Design 39

Total System Error

AREA CONSTRUCTION

PBN Procedure Design 40

Splay in RF turn

Design considerations

AREA CONSTRUCTION

Path terminator sequences

RNAV Principles 41