Overview:Overview:

Islamic sources.Islamic sources.

QuranQuran and and waterwater sciencescience::-- WaterWater and and thethe creationcreation..-- QuranQuran on Seas and Rivers.on Seas and Rivers.-- QuranQuran on deep seas and Internal waves.on deep seas and Internal waves.

Islam and Islam and cleanlinesscleanliness::-- BathingBathing, Ablution., Ablution.

Islam and Islam and demanddemand managementmanagement..

Islam and Islam and waterwater managementmanagement..

Islam and Islam and waterwater conservationconservation. .

WastewaterWastewater reusereuse..

Islamic sourcesIslamic sourcesIslamic sources

QuranThe exact words of Allah

QuranQuranThe exact words of Allah

SunnahThe prophet (pbuh) said,

did

SunnahSunnahThe prophet (The prophet (pbuhpbuh) said,) said,

diddid

Shariahmake rulingsShariahShariah

make rulingsmake rulings

Pbuh=Peace be upon him

QuranQuran and Water Scienceand Water Science

Water and the creation:Water and the creation: And We made, from water, every And We made, from water, every living thing.living thing. (Qur(Quran, 21:30)an, 21:30)

...we got every living thing out of the .we got every living thing out of the water. Will they then not believe?water. Will they then not believe?" "

TheThe waterwater moleculemolecule isis thethe majormajorcomponentcomponent of of thethe cellcell, , accountingaccounting forforaboutabout 70% of 70% of itsits weightweight ..

((OriginsOrigins of life on of life on thethe earthearth and in and in thethe cosmos,Secondcosmos,Second editionedition))

These materials and structures (cell These materials and structures (cell membrane, cytoplasm), bathed in water .membrane, cytoplasm), bathed in water .(Brock, (Brock, NinthNinth Edition)Edition)

And God it is who has created And God it is who has created man of water, and has appointed man of water, and has appointed for him kindred by blood and for him kindred by blood and kindred by marriage. Indeed, your kindred by marriage. Indeed, your Lord is ever powerful.Lord is ever powerful. (Qur(Quran, an, 25:54)25:54)

The The QuranQuran on Seas and on Seas and Rivers:Rivers:TheThe QuranQuran on on seasseas::

He has set free the two seas meeting He has set free the two seas meeting together.together. There is a barrier between There is a barrier between them.them. They do not They do not transgresstransgress .. ((QuranQuran, , 55:1955:19--20) 20)

When Mediterranean sea water enters the Atlantic over When Mediterranean sea water enters the Atlantic over the Gibraltar sill, it moves several hundred kilometers the Gibraltar sill, it moves several hundred kilometers into the Atlantic at a depth of about 1000 meters with its into the Atlantic at a depth of about 1000 meters with its own temperature, salinity, and density.own temperature, salinity, and density.The Mediterranean water stabilizes at this depth.The Mediterranean water stabilizes at this depth.

((Marine GeologyMarine Geology, , KuenenKuenen, p. 43, with a slight enhancement.) , p. 43, with a slight enhancement.)

TheThe QuranQuran on on seasseas and and riversrivers::

He is the one who has set free the He is the one who has set free the two kinds of water, one sweet and two kinds of water, one sweet and palatable, and the other salty and palatable, and the other salty and bitter.bitter. And He has made between And He has made between them a barrier and a forbidding them a barrier and a forbidding partitionpartition .. ((QuranQuran, 25:53) , 25:53)

We can see here the partition (zone of We can see here the partition (zone of separation) between the fresh and the salt separation) between the fresh and the salt water. water. ((Introductory OceanographyIntroductory Oceanography, Thurman, p. 301, with a slight , Thurman, p. 301, with a slight enhancement.)enhancement.)

Deep seas and internal Deep seas and internal waveswaves

((OceansOceans, Elder and , Elder and PernettaPernetta, p. 27.), p. 27.)

Internal waves at interface between two layers of water Internal waves at interface between two layers of water of different densities.of different densities. One is dense (the lower one), the One is dense (the lower one), the other one is less dense (the upper one). (other one is less dense (the upper one). (OceanographyOceanography, , Gross, p. 204.) Gross, p. 204.) Internal waves act like surface waves. They can also Internal waves act like surface waves. They can also break just like surface waves. The human eye cannot break just like surface waves. The human eye cannot see internal waves, but they can be detected by studying see internal waves, but they can be detected by studying temperature or salinity changes at a given location. temperature or salinity changes at a given location.

The The QuranQuran on Deep Seas and on Deep Seas and Internal Waves:Internal Waves:

God has said in the God has said in the QuranQuran::

Or (theOr (the unbelieversunbelievers state)state).. is like the .. is like the darkness in a deep sea.darkness in a deep sea. It is covered by It is covered by waves, above which are waves, above waves, above which are waves, above which are clouds.which are clouds. DarknessesDarknesses, one above , one above another.another. If a man stretches out his hand, he If a man stretches out his hand, he cannot see it....cannot see it.... ((QuranQuran, 24:40) , 24:40)

````CleanlinessCleanliness isis half of half of faithfaith

ItIt isis He He whowho sendssends down down waterwater uponupon youyou fromfromthethe skysky withwith whichwhich to to purifypurify youyou ((QuranQuran 8:11)8:11)

BathingBathingTheThe ablutionablution ````wuduwuduBelieversBelievers, , whenwhen youyou prepareprepare forfor prayerprayerwashwash youryour face and face and youryour handshands up to up to thetheelbowselbows, and , and wipewipe youryour headsheads and and washwashyouryour feetfeet up to up to thethe anklesankles(Quran(Quran 5:6)5:6)

2- Washing Hands Up to the Wrist

3- Washing Mouth

4-Sniffing Water Intothe Nose and ThenEjecting It

5- Washing the Face

1- Intention for Wudu(Mentioning Allah's Name)

7- Wiping the Head

8- Wiping theEars

9- Washing the Feet and Ankles

6- Washing the Hands and Arms Including the Elbows

Islam and Islam and demanddemandmanagementmanagement

Why? Why? Demand must be managed because supplies cannot Demand must be managed because supplies cannot be infinitely increased : "be infinitely increased : "And we send down water from And we send down water from the sky in fixed measure.the sky in fixed measure.(Quran40:18)(Quran40:18)

Extravagance in using water is forbidden.Extravagance in using water is forbidden.""O Children of Adam! . . . Eat and drink: But waste not O Children of Adam! . . . Eat and drink: But waste not by excess, for God by excess, for God lovethloveth not the wasters.not the wasters." (Qur'an " (Qur'an 7:31).7:31).

The prophet (The prophet (pbuhpbuh) said "Do not waste water even if ) said "Do not waste water even if performing ablution on the bank of a fastperforming ablution on the bank of a fast--flowing (large) flowing (large) river.river.

Mohammad (Mohammad (pbuhpbuh) used to perform ablution with one ) used to perform ablution with one muddmudd of water (equal to 2/3 liter).of water (equal to 2/3 liter).

Islam and Islam and waterwatermanagementmanagementWater as a social goodWater as a social good(Privatization of water service delivery is (Privatization of water service delivery is

permissible in Islam, but the government permissible in Islam, but the government has a duty to ensure equity in pricing and has a duty to ensure equity in pricing and service). service).

Water and equityWater and equityThe prophetThe prophet((pbuhpbuh) ) "None of you will have "None of you will have faith till he wishes for his (Muslim) brother faith till he wishes for his (Muslim) brother what he likes for himself.what he likes for himself.

Islam and Islam and waterwatermanagementmanagementRights of the environmentRights of the environment

-- ""There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like you.of) communities like you." (" (QuranQuran 6:38)6:38)

-- The prophet said "He who digs a well in the The prophet said "He who digs a well in the desert . . . cannot prevent the animals from desert . . . cannot prevent the animals from slaking their thirst at this well.slaking their thirst at this well.

-- The The QuranQuran notes that the gift of water is for flora notes that the gift of water is for flora as well as well

Islam and Islam and waterwaterconservationconservationAllah commands believers to "Allah commands believers to "make not mischiefmake not mischief on on earthearth.. ((QuranQuran 2:11)2:11)

the Prophet Mohammad (the Prophet Mohammad (pbuhpbuh) very sensibly forbade ) very sensibly forbade urination in proximity of water, and advised to guard urination in proximity of water, and advised to guard against three practices, "evacuating one's bowels near against three practices, "evacuating one's bowels near water sources, by the roadside and in the shade" (Alwater sources, by the roadside and in the shade" (Al--Sheikh 1996).Sheikh 1996).

NationalNational--level level waterwater managementmanagement, , thethe prophetprophet ((pbuhpbuh) ) Do Do notnot commitcommit anyany harmharm oror injuryinjury to to yourselfyourself, and do , and do notnotcause cause harmharm oror injuryinjury to to othersothers

WastewaterWastewater reusereuse::

the Council of Leading Islamic Scholars the Council of Leading Islamic Scholars (CLIS) in Saudi Arabia concluded in a (CLIS) in Saudi Arabia concluded in a special special fatwafatwa in 1978 that treated in 1978 that treated wastewater can theoretically be used wastewater can theoretically be used even for even for wuduwudu and drinking, provided that and drinking, provided that it presents no health risk (CLIS 1978). it presents no health risk (CLIS 1978).

ReferencesReferencesTheThe quranquran..Islam,waterIslam,water conservationconservation and and publicpublic awarenessawareness campaignscampaigns..

Francesca Francesca Gilli,BAGilli,BA ArabicArabic and and middlemiddle Eastern Eastern StudiesStudies, University of , University of CaCaFoscariFoscari, , VeniceVenice, , ItalyItaly..WaterWater managementmanagement in in islamislamNaserNaser I. I. FaruquiFaruqui, and , and othersothersA Brief Illustrated Guide To Understanding Islam, Muslims, and A Brief Illustrated Guide To Understanding Islam, Muslims, and the Quran.htmthe Quran.htmGeoffrey Geoffrey Zubay;OriginsZubay;Origins of life on of life on thethe earthearth and in and in thethecosmos,secondcosmos,second edition,ISBN:012781910xedition,ISBN:012781910x

www.islamset.com/env/water.htmwww.islamset.com/env/water.htmwww.answeringwww.answering--christianity.comchristianity.comwww.themuslimwoman.comwww.themuslimwoman.com

IfIf youyou havehave questionsquestions, , I I hopehope, I , I cancan answeransweryouyou!!