Geographical mobility and personal transitions

Covariation of personal networks and social networks data

Isidro Maya Jariego & Daniel Holgado

05_ECRP_FP026 DYNAMICS OF ACTORS AND NETWORKS ACROSS LEVELS:

INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS,ORGANIZATIONS, AND SOCIAL SETTINGS Oxford, June 30 2009

• An ecological transition occurs whenever a person’s position in the ecological environment is altered as a result of a change in role, setting or both (Bronfenbrenner, 1977).

– They represent a point of change in the pattern of social relations between the individual and the context.

– Normative school transitions are expected and often made by large cohort of individuals.

– Individually and collectively these processes have different rates of change over time (Seidman & French, 2004).

Longitudinal information of a cohort of High School students

• Longitudinal study of 69 Secondary School students (IES Albero, Alcalá de Guadaíra):– Social network of respondents (t1, n= 69; t2, n= 57), second interview 17

months later.– 69 personal networks: 45 alteri, with information on the composition

(Alcalá/Sevilla), strength of relationships (0/1/2/3/4/5) and multiplexity of support (ASSIS, 6 types of support).

– SCI Index.

• 208 university students from Alcalá de Guadaíra in Seville:– Social network of respondents (n = 173).– 208 personal networks: 25 alteri; strength (0/1/2); rest of indicators: ibídem.– SCI Index.

• 403 residents in Alcalá de Guadaíra (representative sample):– 403 personal networks: ibídem.– SCI Index.

Geographical mobility and personal networks

Descriptive statistics: personal networks of general population and university students

General population University students

Mean SD Mean SD Av. Degree 66,4625 19,51495 50,77422 16,087127 Av. Closeness 74,3714 17,65566 58,69280 19,999196 Av. Betweeness 1,5286 1,01218 2,37599 1,226724 Av. Eigenvector 26,7684 1,48456 25,68710 3,937196 Av. Density 1,165863 ,3990389 ,800701 ,2858055 Number of Cliques 11,920596 13,7174272 15,889423 10,8107248 Number of Components 1,086849 ,3595198 1,399038 1,2036173 N n = 403 n = 208

Mobility and structure of personal networks in General Population

Regresión lineal

1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00

Fdesplazamiento

0,5000

1,0000

1,5000

2,0000

Den

sit

y

1Density = 1,35 + -0,06 * FdesplazamientoR-cuadrado = 0,04

Density by frequency of visits to Seville

Regresión lineal

1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00

Fdesplazamiento

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

Bet

wee

nes

s

1Betweeness = 1,06 + 0,16 * FdesplazamientoR-cuadrado = 0,04

Betweeness by frequency of visits to Seville

Paired two-sample t-tests: personal networks of students entering University

Secondary School (t1) Second wave (t2)

Mean SD Mean SD t Sig. Av. Degree

41,02491 11,203708

36,84040

9,755720

3,025 ,004

Av. Closeness 53,07516

16,473154

51,68670 16,693174

,567 ,573

Av. Betweeness 1,57598

,456781

1,77277 ,640803

-2,181 ,033

Av. Eigenvector 18,56689

1,134057

17,71563 4,045673

1,677 ,099

Av. Density ,637142

,1931756

,577489 ,1604525

2,928 ,005

Number of Cliques 63,684211

62,6720939

68,350877 111,2077353

-,524 ,603

Number of Components

1,473684 1,2262787

1,350877

1,1416033

1,187 ,240

N n = 57 n = 57

The social network of students exiting Secondary School

• First Wave

– The students are 17.2 years old, as average. They live with their parents and they have lived all their live in the same city.

– They spend 86.9% of their time in Alcalá and 12.9% in Seville.

– 91.3% travel less than once per week to Seville.

– Applying SCI, they identify more with Alcalá (Mean= 31.74, SD= 4.88) than with Seville (Mean= 27.31, SD= 4.75), t= -5.261, p <.0001.

• Second Wave

– 15 months after the first interview, part of them are 7 months studying at the university (56.4%).

– They spend 63.4% of their time in Alcalá and 36.6% in Seville.

– 56.5% travel 5 or more times per week to Seville.

– They identify more with Alcalá (Mean= 29.69, SD= 4.72) than with Seville (Mean= 27.94, SD= 4.36), t= -2.215, p<.0049). But the identification with Alcalá has lessened from time 1 to time 2 (t= 2.776, p<.007).

Leaving Secondary School…

Network density indicators:Observation time 1 2 Density 0.846 0.876Average degree 58.368 60.440Number of ties 3969 2796Missing fraction 0.000 0.320

Paired two-sample t-tests: social network of students entering University

Secondary School (t1) Second wave (t2)

Mean SD Mean SD t Sig. Av. Degree 93,12856 6,995873 96,27186 4,667357 -4,641 ,000

Av. Closeness 93,92551 5,546524 96,66567 3,919586 -4,973 ,000

Av. Betweeness ,11677 ,025054 ,06611 ,014124 14,795 ,000

Av. Eigenvector 16,66609 1,229265 18,71135 ,879543 -18,254 ,000

N n = 57 n = 57

Personal networks and social networks

Correlations: personal networks x social networks (university students)

Av. Social networks centrality measures

Av. Personal networks centrality measures Degree208 Closse208 Betwen208 Eigen208 Degree Correlación de Pearson ,113 ,115 ,023 ,109 Sig. (bilateral) ,142 ,134 ,763 ,157 N 171 171 170 171 Closeness Correlación de Pearson ,107 ,126 -,042 ,126 Sig. (bilateral) ,164 ,101 ,590 ,101 N 171 171 170 171 Betweenness Correlación de Pearson -,059 -,051 -,074 -,032 Sig. (bilateral) ,440 ,504 ,338 ,680 N 171 171 170 171 Eigenvector Correlación de Pearson ,094 ,098 -,014 ,103 Sig. (bilateral) ,223 ,203 ,854 ,180 N 171 171 170 171 Density Correlación de Pearson ,187(*) ,183(*) ,073 ,171(*) Sig. (bilateral) ,014 ,016 ,342 ,025 N 171 171 170 171 Clique Correlación de Pearson -,076 -,064 -,096 -,053 Sig. (bilateral) ,325 ,408 ,211 ,492 N 171 171 170 171 Component Correlación de Pearson -,052 -,072 ,030 -,080 Sig. (bilateral) ,496 ,348 ,695 ,296 N 171 171 170 171

** La correlación es significativa al nivel 0,01 (bilateral). * La correlación es significante al nivel 0,05 (bilateral).

Correlations: personal networks x social networks (Albero t1)

Av. Social network centrality measures t1 Av. Personal network centrality measures t1 SocDeg1 SocClos1 SocBet1 SocEig1 AvgDegT1 Correlación de Pearson -,054 -,056 -,093 -,049 Sig. (bilateral) ,659 ,646 ,449 ,692 N 69 69 69 69 AvgClosT1 Correlación de Pearson -,089 -,086 -,135 -,083 Sig. (bilateral) ,467 ,483 ,270 ,498 N 69 69 69 69 AvgBetT1 Correlación de Pearson -,007 -,009 -,021 -,007 Sig. (bilateral) ,956 ,944 ,866 ,957 N 69 69 69 69 AvgEigT1 Correlación de Pearson ,087 ,094 ,106 ,084 Sig. (bilateral) ,477 ,442 ,385 ,490 N 69 69 69 69 DensT1 Correlación de Pearson -,083 -,082 -,101 -,079 Sig. (bilateral) ,497 ,502 ,408 ,520 N 69 69 69 69 CliqueT1 Correlación de Pearson -,185 -,187 -,198 -,179 Sig. (bilateral) ,129 ,124 ,103 ,140 N 69 69 69 69 CompT1 Correlación de Pearson ,050 ,046 ,122 ,044 Sig. (bilateral) ,681 ,705 ,316 ,722 N 69 69 69 69

** La correlación es significativa al nivel 0,01 (bilateral). * La correlación es significante al nivel 0,05 (bilateral).

Correlations: personal networks x social networks (Albero t2)

SocDeg2 SocClos2 SocBet2 SocEig2 AvgDegT2 Correlación de Pearson ,067 ,056 ,062 ,064 Sig. (bilateral) ,619 ,677 ,646 ,638 N 57 57 57 57 AvgClosT2 Correlación de Pearson -,042 -,099 -,105 -,086 Sig. (bilateral) ,755 ,464 ,438 ,525 N 57 57 57 57 AvgBetT2 Correlación de Pearson -,106 -,127 -,248 -,115 Sig. (bilateral) ,434 ,348 ,063 ,396 N 57 57 57 57 AvgEigT2 Correlación de Pearson -,070 -,075 -,064 -,067 Sig. (bilateral) ,603 ,578 ,637 ,619 N 57 57 57 57 DensT2 Correlación de Pearson ,041 ,024 ,101 ,026 Sig. (bilateral) ,759 ,860 ,457 ,847 N 57 57 57 57 CliqueT2 Correlación de Pearson ,072 ,068 ,106 ,065 Sig. (bilateral) ,593 ,614 ,431 ,632 N 57 57 57 57 CompT2 Correlación de Pearson ,082 ,120 ,143 ,108 Sig. (bilateral) ,543 ,374 ,289 ,425 N 57 57 57 57

** La correlación es significativa al nivel 0,01 (bilateral). * La correlación es significante al nivel 0,05 (bilateral).

Personal networks information as individual covariates…

Classification of personal networks (k-mean) t1

Cluster 1 Cluster 2

Mean SD Mean SD t Sig. Av. Degree 48.61287 13.702762 38.88020 10.815228 2.905 .005

Av. Closeness 63.69727 12.680295 51.38013 15.959677 2.752 .008

Av. Betweeness 1.24040 0.345457 1.70198 0.496826 -3.370 .001

Av. Eigenvector 19.43713 0.782028 18.23020 1.169620 3.759 .000

Density 0.731753 0.2603125 0.610531 0.1850843 2.045 .045

Number of cliques

159.1333 114.5954790 44.111111 17.5151327 7.211 .000

Number of components

1.133333 0.3518658 1.481481 1.2550388 -1.058 .294

N n = 15 n = 54

Table 1. Personal networks information as individual covariates: estimates and standard errors. Information for convergence

diagnosis Estimation results

Effects (n = 69) AES S.D. t AES S.E. Evaluation function Outdegree (density) Reciprocity Transitive triplets A1: Average Betweeness (PN, t1) A2 : Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 2 (PN, t1) Rate function Effect A1 on rate Effect A2 on rate

3.336 -5.250

-388.262

0.222 0.145

-0.235 0.058

32.792 52.295

3858.074

11.727 5.671

9.965 3.979

0.102 -0.100 -0.101

0.019 0.025

-0.024 0.015

-2.1938 -0.0308 0.0238

-0.4174 -0.5441

0.2871 0.6166

0.2513 0.1275 0.0018

0.0858 0.2328

0.1235 0.2349

n = number of actors; AES = average effect size; SE = standard error; SD = standard deviation; t = t student. Rate parameter: 15.7995 (1.2555). Missing values: fraction of 0.320.

Table 2. Personal networks and sense of community: estimates and standard errors. Information for convergence

diagnosis Estimation results

Effects (n = 69) AES S.D. T AES S.E. Evaluation function Outdegree (density) Reciprocity Transitive triplets A1: Average Betweeness (PN, t1) A2: Average Betweeness (PN, t2) A3: Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 2 (PN, t1) A4: Sense of Community /Alcalá Rate function Effect A1 on rate Effect A2 on rate Effect A3 on rate Behaviour Dynamics Rate SOC_A period 1 Effect A1 on rate SOC_A Effect A2 on rate SOC_A Effect A3 on rate SOC_A Behaviour SOC_A tendency Behaviour SOC_A: effect from A1

-0.681 0.130

-12.554

0.380 0.604 -0.464 -2.026

-0.071 0.037 -0.108

-1.944 -0.436 2.025 0.862

-5.000 -1.975

37.971 30.049

362.962

11.764 16.023 10.243

203.948

8.748 13.969 6.480

106.621 58.050 67.721 59.261

137.462 73.069

-0.018 0.004 -0.035

0.032 0.038 -0.045 -0.010

-0.008 0.003 -0.017

-0.018 -0.008 0.030 0.015

-0.036 -0.027

-2.1200 0.8679 0.1061

-0.3577 -0.3840 0.4231 0.0235

0.1318 0.2464 -0.1584

812.2542 0.9986 0.1442 -2.6522

-0.0007 0.0136

0.3420 0.3552 0.0211

0.2306 0.2695 0.5204 0.0309

0.3269 0.1540 0.5822

268.8556 0.1731 0.1456 0.3737

0.0200 0.0348

n = number of actors; AES = average effect size; SE = standard error; SD = standard deviation; t = t student. Rate parameter: 14.6158 (6.2515). Missing values: fraction of 0.320.

• Geographical mobility and personal transitions:

– Average centrality measures of the personal networks indirectly reflect the individual process of relocation.

– During the active phase of ecological transitions, the personal networks of individuals tend to experiment an increase in average betweeness.

– On the other hand, average betweeness of the personal networks of individuals influence the evolution and the rate of changes of the networks of students in process of relocation and/or personal transition.

– The cohort of students in process of relocation may decelerate individual transitions (acting as a temporary buffer and providing support).

THANK YOU

Isidro Maya Jariego <isidromj@us.es> Daniel Holgado <dholgado@us.es>

http://personal.us.es/isidromj

LABORATORIO DE REDES PERSONALES Y COMUNIDADES

Departamento de Psicología SocialUNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA