ozone risk assessment for winter wheat at local...
TRANSCRIPT
Departmentof
Plant Ecology
Ozone Risk Assessment for Winter Wheatat Local Scale:
Evaluation of the UNECE Flux Approach
Ludger Grünhage1), Harald Braden2), Jürgen Bender3),
Janina Wojtkowiak1), Hans-Joachim Weigel3), Klaus Hanewald4)
1) Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen
2) German Meteorological Service, Agrometeorological Research and Advisory
Station, Braunschweig
3) Institute of Biodiversity, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (vTI),
Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig
4) Hessian Agency for the Environment and Geology, Wiesbaden
Grünhage et al.
22nd TFM ofICP Vegetation
Ozone Risk Assessment for Winter Wheat at Local Scale:Evaluation of the UNECE Flux Approach
•••• Council Directive 96/62/EC Article 6 of 27 September 1996
•••• Council Directive 2002/3/EC of 12 February 2002
•••• Council Directive 2008/50/EC of 21 May 2008
→ air quality in the EU has to be assessed and managed
by means of sampling points for fixed measurement of
concentrations of the respective air pollutant
Grünhage et al.
22nd TFM ofICP Vegetation
Ozone Risk Assessment for Winter Wheat at Local Scale:Evaluation of the UNECE Flux Approach
•••• introduction
•••• flowchart of the risk evaluation procedure
•••• stomatal conductance model•••••••• work programme
•••• conversion of [O3] at zref to canopy height•••••••• work programme
•••• stomatal uptake calculations
•••• results
gflag leaf,stom,O3
Fflag leaf,stom
Fflag leaf,stom6
AFflag leaf,stom6
potential yield loss
risk evaluationlocal risk assessment- flowchart -
Mapping Manual(UNECE 2007)
cO3(zh)Fc(O3) = −cO3(zref)
Rtotal
Rca
no
py
, O
3
Rc,
O3
Rc, stom, O3
upsc
alin
g
stomatal conductance model
derived from open-top chamber experiments with "old" wheat cultivars
gflag leaf, stom, O3 = gflag leaf, stom, max, O3 · Jarvis-Stewart functions
���� gflag leaf, stom, max = 450 mmol O3 m−−−−2 PLA s−−−−1
initial registration: Astron 1989 Pegassos 1994
gflag leaf, stom, max
(Massman 1998; Grünhage & Haenel 1997, 2008: DO3/DH2O = 0.662)
Bender et al.(2009)
stomatal conductance model
derived from open-top chamber experiments with "old" wheat cultivars
gflag leaf, stom, O3 = gflag leaf, stom, max, O3 · Jarvis-Stewart functions
���� gflag leaf, stom, max = 450 mmol O3 m−−−−2 PLA s−−−−1
���� DO3/DH2O in air
���� Jarvis-Stewart function for phenology fphen
(cf. Massman 1998; Grünhage & Haenel 1997)
?
2
1
3 24
Environmental Monitoringand Climate Impact Research
Station Linden
http://www.uni-giessen.de/cms/ukl-en
winter wheat initial registration
(Germany)
1: Carenius 2006
2: Manager 2006
3: Opus 2003
4: Limes 2003
spring wheat (in Braunschweig)
Taifun 2003
•••• gstom, max for several winter and spring wheat cultivars
•••• parameterization of gstom
- Work Programme -
conversion of [O3] at zref to that at zh
���� Ratmosphere
���� Rquasi.laminar layer
���� Rcanopy
•••• Gc, stom
•••• Gc, non-stom
→ canopy development
(cf. Simpson et al. 2003)
(upscaled from gflag leaf, stom)
(cf.G
rünhag
e &H
aenel
2008)
•••• DOYstart 60
•••• DOYgrowth stage 31 stem elongation
•••• DOYgrowth stage 51 beginning of heading
•••• DOYgrowth stage 87 hard dough
•••• DOYharvest over ripe
winter wheat canopy development
- LAInon-senescent, LAIsenescent, h -
based on observed growth stages:
•••• DOYgrowth stage 39 flag leaf fully developed : DOYgrowth stage 51 −−−− 9
•••• DOYgrowth stage 61 beginning of anthesis : DOYgrowth stage 51 + 7
•••• DOYgrowth stage 65 mid anthesis : DOYgrowth stage 61 + 3
•••• DOYgrowth stage 75 medium milk : DOYgrowth stage 51 + 25
estimated entry date of growth stages:
AM
BA
Vag
rom
eteoro
logical
model
for estim
ation actu
alev
apotran
spiratio
n(G
erman
Meteo
rolo
gical
Serv
ice, Brau
nsch
weig
)
winter wheatcanopy development
LAInon-senescentLAIsenescent
canopy height
winter wheat
'Batis'
initial registration in Germany:1994
(2)
upscaling from leaf to canopy level
yields in an overestimation of Gc, stom
→ "higher" total ozone flux density Fc(O3)
→ "lower" ozone concentration at canopy top cO3(zh)
→ "lower" stomatal uptake Fflag leaf, stom
→ "lower" risk than in reality
•••• Gc, stom = gflag leaf, stom · LAInon-senescent
•••• Gc, stom = gflag leaf, stom · LAInon-senescent ·1
1 −−−− ββββ*sunlit
- sun-shade model of de Pury & Farquhar (1997)parameterized for wheat
- www.uni-giessen.de/cms/ukl-en/PLATIN
consideringradiation absorptionby the sunlit leaves
(1)
•••• upscaling of gstom from leaf to canopy level (Braunschweig)
•••• radiation and AMBAV canopy development model (Giessen, Braunschweig)
−−−− evapotranspiration
−−−− LAI and canopy height development
−−−− within canopy radiation distribution
- Work Programme -
canopy gasexchangechamber
Dr. Stefan Burkartvti, Institute of Agricultural
Climate Research
weighablebackfilledlysimeter
DWD, Braunschweig
soil water potential
stomatal uptake calculations
method 1: "real" atmospheric stratification
method 2: neutral atmospheric stratification
The estimation of stomatal flux of ozone (Fst) is based on the assumption that the concentration
of ozone at the top of the canopy represents a reasonable estimate of the concentration at the
upper surface of the laminar layer near the flag leaf. (Mapping Manual Revision, 31.08.2007)
Rflag leaf, laminar layer + Rflag leaf, total
Fflag leaf,stom = c(zh) · gflag leaf, stom ·Rflag leaf, total
1:1
The estimation of stomatal flux of ozone (Fst) is based on the assumption that the concentration
of ozone at the top of the canopy represents a reasonable estimate of the concentration at the
upper surface of the laminar layer near the flag leaf. (Mapping Manual Revision, 31.08.2007)
Rflag leaf, laminar layer + Rflag leaf, total
Fflag leaf,stom = c(zh) · gflag leaf, stom ·Rflag leaf, total
1:1
The estimation of stomatal flux of ozone (Fst) is based on the assumption that the concentration
of ozone at the top of the canopy represents a reasonable estimate of the concentration at the
upper surface of the laminar layer near the flag leaf. (Mapping Manual Revision, 31.08.2007)
Rflag leaf, laminar layer + Rflag leaf, total
Fflag leaf,stom = c(zh) · gflag leaf, stom ·Rflag leaf, total
1:1
results
Observed and estimated potential yield losses of winter wheat
risk evaluation for the monitoring station Linden
of the air quality monitoring network of Hesse
links to the monitoring network:
http://www.hlug.de or http://www.uni-giessen.de/cms/ukl-en
yield loss not likely
low probability for yield loss
increasing probability for yield loss
high probability for yield loss
Grünhage et al.
22nd TFM ofICP Vegetation
Ozone Risk Assessment for Winter Wheat at Local Scale:Evaluation of the UNECE Flux Approach
- conclusion -
���� In principle, the stomatal uptake (AFflag leaf, stom6) based riskevaluation for wheat can be applied successfully at local scale.
���� The approach presented here requires an appropriate upscalingprocedure from leaf to canopy level and based on parametersroutinely measured by the air quality monitoring networks.
unsolved problems/questions:
•••• gap filling procedure for the input parameters measured by the air quality
monitoring stations
•••• validation of stomatal conductance parameterization with "modern" wheat
cultivars
•••• upscaling procedure from leaf to canopy level
Thanks for your attention!