p 000471

7/25/2019 p 000471

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/p-000471 1/16

REVISION

OF

TRI-SERVICE REGULATORY DESIGN MANUAL

STRUCTURES

TO

RESIST THE

EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTAL

EXPLOSIONS

(TM 5-1300, NAVFAC

P-397, AFM 88-22)

C

Angelo Castellano,

Joseph

Caltagirone,

ARRADOM

Frederick E.

Sock, Norval Dobbs, Ammann

Whitney

ABSTRACT

Initial guidance in

the field of

protective structures

design was

provided in 1969 with the

publication of the Tri-Service Design

Manual

'Structures

to

Resist

the

Effects

of

Accidental

Explosions"

(TM

5-1300,

NAFVAC

P-397, AFM

88-22). The manual

presents procedures

for

determining

the blast

effects resulting

from

an explosion and techniques

for the design

of reinforced concrete

structures

subjected

to blast

loads.

A considerable

amount of data, much of

it

not

covered

in the current manual, has been

accumulated

since its

publication.

This information

has brought about the

urgent

requirement for revising the

manual. This paper

briefly

describes

the

topics in

the

manual that

will be revised, those that

will

be

added,

the format

of the new manual, and

the

various

committees set

up

to oversee

the

revision.

41035

7/25/2019 p 000471


REVISION

OF

TRI-SERVICE

REGULATORY

DESIGN

MANUAL

STRUCTURES

TO RESIST

THE EFFECTS

OF ACCIDENTAL

EXPLOSIONS

Introduction

The

initial

guidance

in the highly

specialized and complex field

of

protective design was provided in 1969 when the Tri-Service Manual,

Structures to Resist the Effects of

Accidental Explosions (ref. 1)

was

published. The

manual presents procedures

for

determining the

blast

effects resulting from

an accidental explosion and also techniques for the

design of reinforced concrete structures

which

will provide protection for

personnel, equipment and other explosive

items.

A considerable

amount of data

(published

as

technical

documents and

others yet to be published) has

been

accumulated since the development of

the Tri-Service

Manual.

Although

some

of this

data updates the information

contained in the manual, most of it deals

with

topics

not covered

initially.

Efforts

by

the Army,

Navy,

Air Force,

and

Private

Industry in

the area

of blast effects

and

structural

design

created

the urgent

need

for

the

revision of the manual to include recently published

data

and

additional

information. The publication of the Tri-Service

Manual was

considered

a

major

step

forward in the

field

of

explosion-resistant protective

design.

The revision of the manual and the addition of newly developed technology

will greatly improve this important document.

1036

7/25/2019 p 000471


This

paper

describes

qualitatively and

in a concised

form, the various

topics

in

the

manual

that

will be

updated.

Additional topics to

be

included

will also

be described

briefly. The functions

and activities

of

the various committees

set un

to oversee the revision

of

the

manual will

be

presented.

Organization

of Committees

Figures 1 and

2

show

an

organization

chart

of the various institutions

and

individuals involved

in the revision

and update

of the Tri-Service

Manual.

The revision

of the

manual is sponsored by

the Department

of

Defense

Explosives

Safety

Board (DDESE).

The U.S.

Army Armament

Research

and Development Command (ARRADCOM)

provides administrative and technical

guidance

to

the Steering

Committee.

The ARRADCOM

team

has also the

task of

preparing

the

revised manual througn a

contractor, Ammann

Whitney,

Consulting

Engineers,

New York,

N.Y., and their subcontractor,

Southwest

Research Institute, San

Antonio,

Texas.

Steering Committee

The

Steering Committee, comprised

of

experts

from the Department

of

Defense

Explosive Safety

Board (DDESB), Army,

Navy,

Air Force

and the

Office of

the Chief of

Engineers (OCE) (fig.

2),

meets

twice

a

year to

review

the

findings

and recommendations

of the two subcommittees;

namely,

Blast

Technology and

Design Application.

The Steering

Committee

will

periodically review the revision of the

manual.

1037

_____

7/25/2019 p 000471


Blast Technology

arid Design Application Subcommittees

These

subcommittees consist of

personnel from the Army, Navy, Air

Force,

DDESB,

COE

and private industry

(fig.

2).

They

meet every

four

months to identify

new

technological

advances

and

to

recommend appropriate

revisions. They will also review

the

revised manual

at

the

50

percent

stage of completion

and the final

draft.

Topics to be Revised

Two

of

the

most

frequently used

design

aids

in

the Tri-Service

Manual

are

Figures

4-5

and 4-12.

They show

the

variations

of pressures,

impulses,

velocities and other parameters

of shock waves

with scaled

distances

based

upon tests performed with TNT. Since their development and incorporation

into the manual

in

1969, additional theoretical and empirical information

has become available, some of it

published in the manual prepared

by

Southwest Research

Institute (SWRI) for

the Department

of

Energy (ref.

2).(

Some of the curves

illustrated

in the

figures have been revised

and refined

by C.

Kingery of

the Ballistic

Research

Laboratories

(BRL),

and

these

ne w

curves will

be

incorporated in

the revised version of

Figures 4-5 and

4-12

(figs.

3 and

4).

Other figures

and

charts

to

be revised include,

but

are not limited

to,

the

following:

1.

Figure 4-6 (fig.

5 ,

Reflected Pressure Coefficient

vs. Angle

of

Incidence Will

be replaced by

new curves for pressure and

impulse variation.

1038

7/25/2019 p 000471


2.

Figure

4-63, Exterior

Leakage Pressure vs. Ground-Scaled Distance

-

The

existing

curves

in the manual

are out-dated

and

will

be

replaced.

The bulk of

the

new data

will

be

extracted

from CEL

Report TR R828 (ref.

4).

3.

Figure

4-65, Maximum

Mean Pressure

in a

Partially

Vented Chamber

-

At present, the

four existing

curves,

namely,

NOL,

Weibull,

SWRI

and TM 5-1300

(fig. 6),

depict different

conditions for mean

pressure

in a chamber.

These

curves

will be

analyzed and

additional

data from

tests

performed in Norway and the United

Kingdom

will

be

added

to form

a

revised

curve.

4. Figure 4-72, Leakage

Pressure Coefficient

vs. Pressure

Differential -

Recent

test

data will

be

examined for the revision

of

this figure (fig.

7),

which

is

onsidered

to be inadequate.

5.

The

human tolerance

table will

be

updated,

using

recent

data

published

by the Lovelace Foundation.

Besides the

revision of other

tables

and figures

in

the manual, some

topics

have

to

be updated

appropriately. One such

example

is the effect

on

explosive output due to shape

of explosive and number of charges.

This

data which was previously

referred

to as TNT Equivalency

will now

be

referred

to

as

Equivalent Charge

Weight with

the effect

produced by the

variation of explosive

material referred

to

as

TNT equivalency.

.1039

7/25/2019 p 000471


Additional Topics

to

be

Included

Since the development

of

the

Tri-Service

Manual,

ARRADOM and

other

organizations

of the Army, Navy

and Air Force

have done a considerable

number of studies

on blast effects

and the blast-resistant capacities

of

various

structural

elements.

These studies

will

be reviewed and

the topics

pertinent

to the

subject of

the manual will

be

incorporated.

Some of

these

topics are

listed in

Figure

8.

Format of Revised

Manual

To account for the addition

of

much needed information

such

as that

outlined

in

the

preceding

sections,

the revised manual

will

be

divided

into

five volumes.

Voum- lat oains:This

section

will include the

revisions of

the first four chapters of

the present

manual and also additional topics

such as

the effect of

charge shape

on pressure

output,

and multiple

explosion

effects.

Volume II -

Concrete

Design

and

Fragment Impact:

The bulk

of the data

in

this

volume will

constitute the

revised

information

from

Chapters

5,

6

and 7 of

the present manual.

Additional

information will

include, but not

be

limited to,

below

ground concrete cubicles,

single-revetted barricades

and response

of flat

slabs to

pressure-time

loadings.

Volume

III - Steel Structures: This volw-e will

contain primarily

new

information.

Design

criteria

for steel elements and

structures will be

provided,

together with results

of

tests performed on

pre-engineered

and

strengthened

steel

buildings.

1040

7/25/2019 p 000471


1 -

Volume IV

- Other Factors

to be

Considered in

Explosive Facility

Design: Chapter

10

of the

current manual

will

be

revised in

this volume.

Data will also

be provided on

safe

separation

distances

between

explosive

items,

blast-resistant

capacities

of glass windows and

frames, and

earth-covered magazines,

etc.

Volume

V -

Computer

Programs

and Guide: Like Volume

III, this

section

is new and

will deal

with the computer programs

currently

available to

the

Army, Navy and Air

Force. The listing of

the

highly

specialized programs

(i.e., those

programs

written

for blast

design) will

be provided in this

volume.

It is

hoped that

the

division of

the revised

and updated

manual

into

five volumes

will allow for a detailed

and vivid

presentation of

the

various

topics in

this highly complex

field of blast

design.

References

will

be

provided

in

each

volume in

the event

that additional

information in

any particular

topic is

required.

Conclusions

The revision and update

of the manual

will be

completed by

the

end of

1983. By then, It is

anticipated that

the five volumes

that constitute the

manual will contain the

most recent

data available

in the

area

of

protective design. Memos

have been sent

out to

various Division Engineers

and

Commanders of

the Army,

Navy

and Air

Force asking them

to identify any

shortcomings

of

the

present manual. Their

responses have

been taken into

account

in order

that

the

final

manual will

satisfy

the needs

of

the

various users.

(

1 41

7/25/2019 p 000471


REFERENCES

1. "Structures

to

Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions (with

Addenda)", Department of

the

Army Technical Manual

TM 5-1300,

Washington, D.C., June 1969.

2., "A Manual for the

Prediction of Blast and

Fragment

Loadings on

Structures ,

DOE/TIC-11268,

U.S.

Department of Energy, Amarillo,

Texas, November 1980.

3. GLADSTONE and DOLAN, "Effects of Nuclear Weapons ,

3rd

Edition,

1977.

4. KEENAN,

W., and TANCRETO,

J.E.,

"Blast Environment from Fully and

Partially Vented Explosions in

Cubicles ,

Technical

Report

R828,

prepared by Civil Engineering Laboratory, Naval Construction

Battalion

Center,

Port Hueneme,

California,

for

Department

of the

Army, Picatinny

Arsenal, Dover,

New

Jersey, November

1975.

1042

.1I

7/25/2019 p 000471


wI

w

0

C

1w

<4

0

<

_r

U

0.0

S2

L.

CI)

0

w

c

0

IDC >:

o~

4

ww

0

40

in

cj

< D

7/25/2019 p 000471


STEERING

CONITTEE

Dr. T.

Zaker, DDESB

W.L. Armstrong, NCEL

W.C. Buchholtz,

AFESC

Lt. Col. W. Mills,

COE

Major

S.

Hawn,

AFESC

L.W. Saffian,

ARRADGOM

SUB-COMMITTEES

Blast

Technology

Design Application

C.N. Kingery, BRL, ARRADCOM

P.D.

Price, DDESB

R.

Lorenz,

NSWC

W. Keenan,

NCEL

Dr. W.E.

Baker,

SwRI

R.

Lein,

CO

H.S. Napadensky, IITRI

N. Dobbs, A W

J.P. Caltagirone,

ARRADCOM

R.L.

Wight,

OCE

P. Nash,

AFESC

H.D. Nickerson,

NFEC

Cpt. P.L. Rosengren, AFESC

A. Castellano,

ARRADCOM

Figure

2.

STEERING

AND

SUB-COMMITTEE

MEMBERS

1 44

7/25/2019 p 000471


100.00

10

1

U.

4

44tW

I

.1~0001

SCALED DISTAN~CE

Z- R/W

1

Figure

3

Blast

Parameter

for

;3pherical

Free

Air

Burst

of

TNT

1 45

7/25/2019 p 000471


444

t-0

-.

1

IM,

3

10

~ I~I:~~

-

,..~-W

11 1'. :1 1:

100

L

,

i~

lit,..

10046

7/25/2019 p 000471


INCIDENT

PRESSURE

Pso(psI)

12

91

xj.41

10MI Ii

0

.0

I.87

Hl

IT w

CHI

z

M

0d 1

a0 ;0

0

5

0

7 0

9

1 7

7/25/2019 p 000471


0

IL

>~L

0- 0

2

I-

_

_s)

_

_

_

_

__?J

VV

_

1048

7/25/2019 p 000471


* C/

I

"nil

I

I

T

.-

fill

75

His

I LR

V

is

I

if

444

ij:1

.

. ....

...

41

11

4.4

E

Irif

Vs:

CL

lig

I,,+

t

Iii*

;,.14,

111

M I

JIM

'I I

1.'.

1.

1 t,4 il

1011

;;,1 ij

JIM

50

;;,

I

.

I , T

- . I:

I

, , p.:

t

i IF

fi

;,t

VIM;

I

ILI.

1:1.1

:

i4

1;

1

1,

IT

If

I

L)

.1

11111VA

0.4

t

.

fF'

fill

-1 4

fill

-L

+ +"I

"It

;"I

j

I t

III

Itill

" 'I 'M

110

MIT

1

L L

ji

11411tj

4,

1- :

i:1 -,

iw 1114OP15 III-1i;

f, ;l

I Iffill Mifilliliffill. 140

4 f 4. f

.

4IJ

it,

, .

-111,

1

,

1, 1

- J-Jjqfl'

+

I I IR

ilfl

" t

- 'I ;-

jilil, It

4:1111"i l ,

Pill

ill

i, III

If vf I

I

i I

Ill

1,

i

Iti - , +

is

w

14

1

if

f,

I

Ills,

W

+1

4 Ili

U)

jilMll.

1.11.

If

-it . if

TIN

101

It

+ I I

fill

M

t :1111111:1+1

If

-,,

;,: 1

1,

;11

1 1 111-1

14

is, I

I ""

I

:

411 lff

'if

Iffif

j

,

.'

1

1

M

I

.

V,

I

I

fill

I

Il 4

1

11,011*1

Ill

Olf4l

ull

IiII1,11111M* I

p

t'.

+ IM11

TO I 1 1. *4

I :

* *NII

I "10.41111ti.,

mt

1:1i

Itif

t

I

It

lip

1,011m 001111

4 '114 fV-I I+

, , ': I

I

I

I ,

'i

f 11

41"t

I+ 4W, sit .31,

l

w

25

it

11Willif

Hli 1 IIIH

I

Off

"if 111

flu

1111

1:

1

0

+11:

1'

1

Jill

Jill

11

1:111

fill

III if

1 111

1

11

1, fill:

:1

I

lit

w

4. ;

I .",

It's

I...

1I

I

M.-F. f

M

IDIOM

fill

11

*+

*+

111fli

i"Ib

il

11111

1

1

1-1104

Ili,

fill

11 .1

+

1.

'H

P,

i"ll

"11114

NO

311

i it 11 10111i I

1

4

1+

M A I

11110 HIM 11 1

111illiff

Ili; 11 im

I HIM

, 1111111111

M

If

I; I

I

; I I I Of

0111111,

i

lt4JJJ

t

11010 1

l: Mill

It

Ill

1:11fliflillfill :;I 10MIlVii

Hl

1111; f- ,111111 111

ill 'Offillill I

W:

Jill11-111131

If.

H

111111 :111 100

lit,;";

Ill ;

Hil

I f

1.11 11

I'll

ifif

JIM

+ 111011010 1

1

Ill

If

f;ii U

gi V

t

is

4

if

M

I

I

- i

I

I

1101IIIIIIIIIIII

MIN

11111111MIM111"M

DOE

1 1,

i

50

1

PRESSURE

DIFFERENTIAL P-P

(psi)

Figure 7

Leakage Pressure

Coefficient

vs. Pressure Differential

1049

7/25/2019 p 000471


1.

Full containment

and below

ground

cells

and single-revetted

barricades.

2.

Overturning

of structures

subjected

to blast

loads.

3. Primary

fragment

penetration

and secondary

fragment

impact.

4.

Multiple

explosion sources,

simultaneous

and

sequential

detonations.

5.

Design of structural

steel buildings.

6.

Pre-engineered

and strengthened

steel buildings; structural steel

elements (ARRADOM

reports).

7. Computer

analyses

of

frame

structures

and

other structural

elements.

8.

Tests

performed on

cold-formed

steel panels, window

frames

and

glass, including performance

specifications

for blast

windows.

9. TNT equivalencies of explosives

and

propellants.

10. Leakage

pressures due

to venting.

11. Ground shock

effects.

12.

Blast environment due to explosions within structures.

13.

Blast

environment

within

structures

due

to

explosions outside the

structure.

14.

Blast door design. Results

of

ESKIMO test series.

15. Design of

reinforced concrete

flat

slabs,

beam

and

column.

16.

Suppressive

shielding

design.

Figure 8.

New

data to

be

incorporated

in

the Protective

Design Manual

1050

p 000471

Documents