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Outline

Principles of cellular geo-location Why Geo-Location? Radio location principles

Urban area challenges

HAWK – suggested solution

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Why Cellular Geo – location?

Because there is no other choice to trace a call when needed: Emergency Homeland security Criminal

Galileo/GPS do not solve: Indoor coverage (70% in Europe and growing) Homeland security

The cat and the bell

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Radio Location Principle

1st Fingerprint

Mobile Unit

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Radio Location Principle

2nd Fingerprint

Mobile Unit

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Radio Location Principle

Correlation to prediction 3rd Fingerprint

Mobile Unit

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Outline

Principles of cellular geo-location

Urban area challenges The urban channel Indoor coverage Multi-Floor – Three Dimensional search space Limitation of Cell ID

HAWK – suggested solution

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The Urban Channel

Mobile Unit

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The Urban Channel

Reflected and diffracted rays from the serving cell to the mobile

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Service Maps In Urban Areas (1)

Each color represents the server sector at the point

Conventional View

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Service Maps In Urban Areas (2)

Each color represents the serving cell at the point

Actual Situation

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Where is the serving cell? (1)

Call Origination Location

View from Call Location towards serving cell 1th Floor

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Where is the serving cell? (2)

View from Call Location towards serving cell

3th Floor

Call Origination Location

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5th Floor

Call Origination Location

Where is the serving cell? (3)

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Call Origination

GSM Range Measurement

Accuracy- 275m

Limitations of Cell ID/ Delay (1)

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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 30000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Actual Distance (m)

Delay Based

Distance Estimation

(m)

In urban areas, the range estimation has systematic error due to reflections: - only 48% within nominal accuracy +/-275m - more than 10% with more than 1000m error!

Limitations of Cell ID/ Delay (3)

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Outline

Principles of cellular geo-location

Urban area challenges

HAWK – suggested solution HAWK Configuration and concept Enhanced Fingerprint Concept 3D database

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HAWK Configuration

Communication& Security

Server (CSS)

Management System (MS)

LocationEngine

(LE)

UEtype 1

UEtype 2

UEtype 3

OEa

OEb

OEc

Netw ork A

Netw ork B

Netw ork C

HAWK User EquipmentNetwork Operator Equipment

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Enhanced Fingerprint Concept (1)

HAWK unique solution integrates five sources of information: Multi cell signal strength fingerprint Angle of Arrival (based on existing antennas) Multi-path Fingerprint Topography and geographical features Cell ID + Delay measurement

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Enhanced Fingerprint Concept (2)

HAWK is easily integrated in existing wireless network: No impact on infrastructure relay on information that is collected natively by

the network

HAWK accuracy is more than 30 times better than current cell based solutions

HAWK 3D database allows location up to the apartment level!

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3D Coverage Database

Coverage database contains coverage information per area bin and per building, per floor

Each color represents the received signal strength

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Accurate Channel Analysis

Full ray tracing analysis generates: High accuracy predictions Channel response: enhancement of

the range measurement

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Reminder: Standard Location Area

Cell ID + Range based estimated location

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HAWK Output – 3D Location

Call Origination Estimated Location

Red color represents highest probability of location

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Summary

Urban area contains several challenges to cellular location: Cell ID and range measurements are not reliable Location becomes a three dimensional problem

Enhanced fingerprint combined with accurate 3D modeling provide an efficient, low-cost solution to these challenges

Suggested technology is a “no loopholes” solution: locates any type of mobile phone, anywhere

The HAWK system successfully utilizes this technology in the field for more than two years