EU

RO

PE

from Napoleon

to the PRESENT

Europe and Europeans, 1815 and today

History 1047 January 2008

Ministry of the Interior and Spree RiverBerlin, Germany (photo 2005)

www.indiana.edu/~hist104Europe from Napoleon to the PRESENT

Dr. Rebecca L. SpangHistory Dept., Ballantine 711Office Hours: Mondays, 2:00-3:30rlspang@indiana.edu

Mr. Michael AnklinAssociate Instructor

manklin@indiana.edu

www.indiana.edu/~hist104Europe from Napoleon to the PRESENT

DISCUSSION CLASSES

Wednesdays 1:25-2:15Wednesdays 3:35-4:25Wednesdays 5:30-6:20 (this one taught by Dr. Spang)Thursdays 9:05-9:55 (only nine students in this one!)Thursdays 11:15-12:05

Revolutions of 1848•Republic declared in France

•anti-Austrian revolts in Milan, Hungary,Prague

•Frankfurt Assembly writes “German”constitution; “pan-slavic” congress meetsin Prague

•revolution in Rome; Pope flees; republicdeclared

Louis Kossuth (Hungarian leader)depicted as “People’s Saint” defendingLiberty, 1852 (print made in New York)

poster announcing French Republic

barricades in Vienna

Wassily Kandinsky, In Grey (1919)

Man Ray, photo of Gertrude Stein with her portrait by Picasso (1925)

Walter Gropius, Bauhaus (Dessau,Germany), 1925

MODERNISM

St. Paul’s Cathedral, Kolkata (Calcutta), India (1839-1847)

arrest during Brixton riots (London), 1981

Empire and Decolonization1670 England claims Jamaica1765 Britain claims nearly all of Indian peninsula1830 France claims Algeria1834 slavery officially abolished in British Empire1880s the “Scramble for Africa”1947 Indian independence1948 beginning of large-scale emigration from

Jamaica to Great Britain1954- Algerian War1962

“How they fight a War” L’Illustration(French news magazine), 1914.

trench warfare on the Western front, 1914-1918

World Wars 1914-1918 World War One (the “Great War”)June 1919 Treaty of Versailles

Germany lost all overseas territories; Alsace-Lorraine returned to France (becamepart of Germany in 1871); France to controlcoal mining in Saar for 15 years; Germany forbidden to make or buy poison gas, tanks, military aircraft; to pay “reparations” to cover“all costs” of war

March 1933 National Socialists (Nazis) takepower in Germany

Sept. 1939 Germany invades Poland; Franceand Great Britain declare war on Germany

London Great Exhibition, 1851endorsed by Prince Albert in Oct. 1849“Crystal Palace” of glass and iron,

designed by Joseph Paxtonover 14,000 international exhibitors6,000,000 visitors in less than six monthsfirst of great “world’s fairs,” others:

1876 Philadelphia1889 Paris1893 Chicago1939 New York1958 Brussels1967 Montreal

Konstantin Thon, Cathedral of Christ the Saviour,Moscow (Russia), 1839-1860

Peterhof Palace, outside St. Petersburg(Russia), 1720s

Westernizers and Slavophiles in the Russian Empire

Peter the Great, 1672-1725built new capital at St. Petersburgintroduced Dutch and British naval technologymandated that aristocratic men shave their

beards and the women should wear“French” fashions

made French and German the court languages

Slavophiles (during reign of Nicholas I,1796-1855)

denounced Europe as “corrupted” byEnlightenment emphasis on reason

rejected European “individualism” andpraised communal organization ofRussian peasants (Mir)

emphasized role of Orthodox Church

Byzantine (or Eastern Roman) Empire

284 -305 Diocletian divides Roman Empire into two jursdictions

330 Constantinople founded as “second Rome”

476 “fall” of Western Roman Empire

527-565 Reign of Emperor Justinian-reconquered much of western territory,endeavored to impose “one God, one empire, one religion”; Justinian Code;

built Hagia Sophia (532-537, “Church ofthe Holy Wisdom of God”)

1204 Fourth Crusade conquers and sacksConstantinople

1453 Constantinople conquered by Ottoman Turks; Hagia Sophiaconverted into a mosque

1923 Treaty of Lausannesets Turkish-Greek-Bulgarianboundaries

1923 -1938 Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), first presidentof Republic of Turkey

1939-1945 World War Two

1957 Treaty of Rome creates EEC (European Economic Community): France,Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg

1959 Turkey first applies for membership in EEC

1961 West Germany and Turkey sign “guest worker” (gastarbeiter) agreement

1962 formal “association” of Turkey with EEC; suspended in 1980

1973 first expansion of EEC, adds United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark

1993 Treaty of European Union (“Maastricht Treaty”) comes into effect

2004 Cyprus, Malta, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Czech Republic become part of European Union

2004-2006 negotiations between Turkey and European Union

London

Paris

Madrid

Berlin

Warsaw

Rome

Istanbul(Constantinople)

Helsinki

AlgiersTunis

Athens

Dublin