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Leon J. Wood, Ph.D. Former President of Grand Rapids Bible College and

Dean of Grand Rapids Bible Seminary

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© 2009 The Institute of Theological Studies™ Conquest and Settlement Programmed Syllabus

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I. Course Rationale

Suffering is an inevitable part of life. From the time that Adam and Eve first succumb to the temptation, humans have toiled. Humans have struggled. And humans have suffered. Yet misery is often mysterious. While the cause of some pain can be identified, much hardship remains without explanation. Is God to blame? Is there any point to my hurting? These questions remain timeless and will be forever tied to the human story until the Lord returns. However, as one seeks to make sense of life and its many complications, the Bible provides eternal truths that help put suffering in perspective. The book of Job is the story of a righteous man who suffers. In many ways, Job is an archetype for all people. He suffers loss. His friends and family attempt to comfort him. And he asks, “Why?” Fortunately for Job, and for us today, God answers—making the book of Job one of the most powerful and rich sections in all of Scripture.

II. Course Description

Is God too weak to stop suffering? Does God not care about my situation? In a world full of sin, pain and hardship remain daily realities. Throughout history, humanity has wrestled with the problems of suffering and often questioned the goodness of God. Over the course of twenty-four lectures, Dr. Leon Wood retells the story of Job and the struggles he endured. Throughout the course, students examine Job's tumultuous life and the various responses given by his friends and family. Ultimately, Job learns to praise God no matter what his circumstance. Despite Satan's attempts to thwart the plans of God, the Lord remains sovereign over all.

III. Course Objectives

Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:

1. Grasp the message of Job. 2. Understand the historical and contextual setting of the book. 3. Identify Satan's schemes and tactics. 4. Recognize God's sovereignty in all things. 5. Point out the counseling strengths and weaknesses of Job's friends. 6. Identify with Job's suffering. 7. Appreciate the book's relevance for today. 8. Apply the book's message to life and ministry.

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© 2009 The Institute of Theological Studies™ Conquest and Settlement Programmed Syllabus

IV. Course Lecturer

Dr. Leon J. Wood (1918-1977) was the former President and Professor of Old Testament at Grand Rapids Bible College and Dean of Grand Rapids Theological Seminary, Grand Rapids, Michigan. He published numerous journal articles and authored several books including the The Bible and Future Events (Zondervaan 1973), A Survey of Israel History (Zondervaan 1986), and contributed a chapter on “Daniel and the Minor Propehts” to the Gold Medallion award winning Bible’s Expository Commentary Series. His most influential contribution may have been The Holy Spirit in the Old Testament (Wipf and Stock Publishers 1998). It has been republished numerous times and remains a key text for those studying the work of the Holy Spirit in Scripture. As the Dean of Grand Rapids Baptist Seminary, Dr. Wood made countless contributions to higher theological education and was instrumental in starting the Evangelical Seminary Deans’ Council. His education credentials are: Calvin College, B.A. Calvin Theological Seminary, M.Div. Michigan State University, Ph.D. V. Recommended Textbooks

There are no required texts for this course. However, to best grasp the background and current research on Job, learners can read the following texts: Chambers, Oswald. Our Ultimate Refuge: Job and the Problem of Suffering. Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Publishers, 2006.

Hartley, John E. The Book of Job. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1988. Lewis, C.S. The Problem of Pain. New York, NY: Harper Collins, 2001. Stedman, Ray C. Let God be God: Life-changing Truths from the Book of Job. Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Publishers, 2007.

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© 2009 by The Institute of Theological Studies™The Book of Job Programmed Syllabus

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Lecture 1

INTRODUCTION: A. Job, the man 1. Conversation as the structure 2. Dialogue between God and Satan 3. High literary value

B. Authorship: two views 1. A writer from Solomon’s time, the golden literary age of Israel 2. Job himself

C. Some outstanding truths 1. A revelation of the mind of man at its highest level, yet in its

limitations 2. The ability of men of an early time to think well 3. The fact that people other than Abraham and his descendants

worshipped the true God 4. The necessity of God’s giving answer to men’s problems 5. The wisdom of submission to God 6. The power and limitations of Satan 7. The authorships of evil 8. The problem of suffering

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Lesson 1

JOB THE MAN

(Job1:1-5) INTRODUCTION: JOB’S STATURE A. His greatness 1. In wealth, 1:3 2. In spirituality, 1:8 B. His righteousness, (cf. Ezekiel 14:14, 20) I. JOB’S DATE AND HOME COUNTRY A. Date: about the time of Jacob or a generation or two later 1. Living conditions described in the Book of Job consistent with the

Patriarchal period. a. Wealth measured in livestock b. Men with servants and leisure time c. Job’s service as priest in his own home 2. No mention of the exodus or Mosaic Law 3. No reference to the suffering of Israel in Egypt 4. Job’s lifetime of approximately 200 years as in Patriarchal period Lecture 2 5. The lineage of Job’s friends, 2:11; 32:2 (cf. Genesis 36: 11; 25:2;

22:21) B. Home country- Uz, 1:1 (Northeast of Palestine, near Damascus)

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1. The atmosphere of Arabic desert country 2 . The marauding tribes that attacked Job’s property II. JOB’S CHARACTER A. Descriptive words, 1:1 1. Perfect: wholeness 2. Upright: without deviation from the straight line 3. Feared God 4. Eschewed evil: abhorred evil

B. God’s opinion or appraisal of God himself (1:8; 2:3) III. REASON FOR SATAN’S ATTACK A. The meeting of God and Satan (1:6-12; 2:1-7)

B. Satan’s plan IV. JOB’S FAMILY

A. Identified (1:2; 2:9) 1. Children: 1:2; 18, 19 2. Wife: 2:9;19:17 3. Application : Ephesians 6:1-4 Lecture 3 B. Job’s spiritual concern for the family (1:5) V. JOB’S POSSESSIONS - 1:3

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A. Rich in livestock and servants B. Rich in spirituality

C. Job’s wealth did not qualify him if God’s sight.

Lesson 2

SATAN, THE ADVERSARY

(Job 1:6-12; 21:7)

I. THE PERSON OF SATAN – WHO HE IS A. A fallen angelic being (1:6; 2:1; cf. Isaiah 14: 12-17; Ezekiel 28:15) B. A powerful being, but not equal with God II. HIS DOMAIN – WHERE HE WORKS A. The earth (1:7) B. Access to heaven (cf. 1 Kings 22:19-23) C. “Prince of the Power of air.” III. THE WORK OF SATAN

A. General: to hinder the work of God (cf. 1 Peter 5:8; Genesis 4:7) B. Specifically in this instance, (1:9-11; 2:4-6)

1. Accusation against Job 2. Desire to hurt Job

3. His strategy: to attack

a. Job’s wealth b. Job’s family c. Job’s health

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IV. THE POWER OF SATAN A. Influence over people (1:15-17) Lecture 5

A. Influence over people (continued) (cf. Matthew 16:21-23; John 13:2; Acts 5:3)

B. Control of elements of nature (1:16, 19 ; cf. II Thessalonians 2:9;

Revelation 13:13, 14) C. Infliction of bodily disease (2:5) D. Resistance to Satan (cf. James 4:7)

1. Submission to God 2. Resistance against Satan

V. LIMITATIONS

A. Impotence to penetrate Gods hedge (cf. Isaiah 5:5; Proverbs 15:19; Micah 7:4)

B. Significance

1. God’s control 2. Reasons for God’s permission: to strengthen the faith of the godly

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Lesson 3

JOB’S FRIENDS

(Job 2:11-13;32 :1-6; 42:7-9) I. IDENTITY OF JOB’S FRIENDS A. Three come to him first (2:11) 1. Eliphaz, the leader a. Always first named of the three b. His speeches first in each cycle c. His speeches longer than the other two d. Content of his speaking more substantial e. God’s recognition of his leadership (42:7) 2. Bildad, the second

3. Zophar, the third B. Elihu comes later (32:1-6) 1. A younger man

2. A latecomer to the discussion

3. His one speech longer even than Eliphaz’s entire speaking II. THEIR INTEREST (2:11-13)

A. Their purpose: come to mourn with Job

B. Their effort to do this Lecture 6 B. Their effort to do this (continued)

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C. Emotional response or emotionally affected (2:12) D. Quiet Sympathy (2:13)

1. Seven days: a recognized time of mourning (cf. Genesis 50:10; 1

Samuel 31:13) 2. No discourse: at least not the formal debate recorded later.

III. THE CHARACTER OF THESE MEN A. Intelligent leaders B. Morally upright men

C. God fearing men- Believed in God

1. High concept of God

2. Theologically right; practically wrong IV. THEIR PROCEDURE

A. First cycle 1. Job’s address- Eliphaz’s answer 2. Job’s address- Bildad’s answer

4. Job’s address- Zophar’s answer B. Second cycle- the same C. Third cycle – the same except lacking a response from Zophar D. Reason for this procedure: possibly planned previously. V. THE CONTENTION OF THESE MEN

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A. Same basic viewpoint: Job suffers for his sin 1. Eliphaz’s point of emphasis: “ Whatsoever a man sows, that shall

he also reap” 2. Bildad’s point if emphasis: God’s greatness; therefore man falls far

short 3. Zophar’s point of emphasis: Man’s dependence on God B. No allowance for other possibilities C. Reprimanded by God (42:7-9) Lecture 7

Lesson 4

JOB TRIED

(Job 1:13-22; 2:1-10) I. FIRST ATTACK OF SATAN (1:13-22) A. Loss of physical property (1:14-17) B. Loss of children (1:18,19) C. Job’s admirable reaction (1:20-22) 1. His legitimate mourning 2. His attitude of worship 3. His submission to God Lecture 8 II. SECOND ATTACK OF SATAN (2:1-10)

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A. Smitten with disease (2:1-8) 1. Satan’s persistence 2. God’s ultimate control 3. The boil (lit a burning sore, cf. Exodus 9:8-11; II Kings 20:7: Leviticus 13: 18-20) B. Advice of Job’s wife (2:9) C. Job’s emotional impact (2:10) D. Against his admirable reaction: submission to God (2:10) Lecture 9

Lesson 5

JOB’S DESPAIR

(Job 3:1-26) I. JOB’S WORDS OF DESPAIR A. General heading (3:1,2) (cursed: lit. wish harm upon, cf. Genesis 12:3;

Jeremiah 20:14; Romans 12:14) B. Curse upon his birthday (3:3-5) C. Curse upon the night of his birth (3:6-9) D. Reason for his curse (3:10-12) E. Present state if he had died at birth ( 3:13-16) F. Advantages in death (3:17-19) G. The question : “ Why should a suffering person live?” (3:20-23)

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Lecture 10 G. The question ( continued) (The answer: for growth and maturity in the Christian) H. His own suffering described (3:24-26) II. THE RELATION OF JOB’S SIN TO FORMER STATEMENTS OF HIS RIGHTEOUSNES A. Job’s sin in this despair B. His sin not according to Satan’s purpose: did not criticize God. 1. God’s distinction between degrees of sin (cf. Matthew 11:20-24;

Numbers 15:27-30) a. Sin of inadvertence b. Sin of willfulness 2. Job’s sin of inadvertence under pressure of his intense suffering C. Change of attitude after lapse of seven days D. The sin of even the strongest men E. God’s sympathetic knowledge – God understands (cf. Hebrews 2:18; 4:15) Lecture 11

Lesson 6

THE DISCOURSE OF ELIPHAZ, SOWING AND REAPING

(Job 4, 5, 15, 22 )

I. CRITICISM OF JOB A. Job’s weakness (4:2-5)

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B. Job’s empty words (15:2-6) C. Job’s opposition to God (15:11-13) II. ELIPHAZ’S CENTRAL THEME: SOWING AND REAPING A. Principle elaborated (4:6-9; c.f. Galatians 6:7) B. Exceptions: suffering not always a result of sin (c.f. John 9:2,3) III. SUFFERING INESCAPABLE SINCE ALL HAVE SINNED (4:17-21; 15: 14-16) IV. GOD’S IMMUTABILITY – GOD WILL NOT CHANGE A. Job’s complaint unavailing (5:1-5) B. God’s greatness C. Evaluation: two dangers 1. Thinking that God changes ( Malachi 3:6; Hebrews 13:9; James

1:17) 2. Thinking God is not interested Lecture 12 V. REMEDY: SUBMISSION TO GOD A. Reduction of affliction as a result of submission ( 5:6-11) B. Blessing as a result f peace with God (22: 21-25; cf. Deuteronomy 8) C. Excellent advice VI. RESULTS: RIGTHEOUS ARE BLESSED: WICKED ARE PUNISHED A. Blessing to the righteous (5:12-27)

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B. Punishment to the wicked (15:20-25) C. Benefits of righteousness (22:26-30) VII. JOB’S SITUATION A. Job’s sin and resultant punishment (22:6-11) B. God’s knowledge of Job’s sin (22:12-18)

Lesson 7

BILDAD: GREATNESS OF GOD

(Job 8:18,25)

I. STATEMENT OF GOD’S GREATNESS (25:1-6) A. Entire last speech given to it B. Elaboration of God’s greatness Lecture 13 B. Elaboration of God’s greatness (continued) II. GOD’S UNALTERABLE JUSTICE A. Direct statement (8:2,3) B. Statement in figure (18:4-11) III. GOD HONORS THOSE WHO HONOR HIM A. Statement (8:4-10, 20-22) B. Significance as related to Job IV. PAPYRUS ILLUSTRATION

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A. Illustration presented (8:11-19) B. A significant contrast Lecture 14 B. A significant contrast ( continued) V. THE RESULT OF NOT RECOGNIZING GOD’S GREATNESS ( 18:12-21)

Lesson 8

ZOPHAR: MAN’S DEPENDENCE OF GOD

(Job 11, 20)

I. SEVERE CRITICISM ABOUT JOB A. Job’s propensity to talk too much (11:2,3) B. Job’s claim to purity (11:4) C. Job’s punishment not as sever as he deserved (11:5, 6) Lecture 15 D. Accusation of Job as a hypocrite (20:2-5) II. STATEMENT OF MAN’S DEPENDENCE OF GOD A. Man’s incapacity to know God (11:7-9) B. God’s knowledge of man (11:10-12) C. Job’s need to realize his dependence on God (11:13-20) III. DIRE RESULTS WHEN ONE DOES NOT RECOGNIZE THIS DEPENDENCE A. The perishing of the wicked (20: 6-11)

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B. The transitory sweetness of sin (20:12-16) Lecture 16 C. No joy in what he has gained (20:17-29)

Lesson 9

JOB PERPLEXED

(Job 6-7; 9-10; 12-14; 16-17; 21; 23-24)

I. REMARKS CONCERNING THE FRIENDS A. Defense against them (6:1-30) B. Nothing new in their assertions (12:1-25) C. Job’s agreement with their principal points (9:2-20) 1. God’s greatness (9:2-12) 2. Man’s dependence of God (9:13-20) Lecture 17 II. JOB’S PUZZLEMENT AS TO WHY HE SUFFERS A. Self-evaluation as being too unimportant for God’s attention (7: 12-21) B. Search for an answer (10:2-17) III. JOB’S PUZZLEMENT AS TO WHY THE WICKED DO NOT SUFFER (RESPONSE TO ZOPHAR’S ARGUMENT) A. Statement of the prosperity of the wicked (21:17-20) B. Statement of the evils of the wicked (24:1-25)

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C. Evaluation IV. JOB’ DESIRE TO LAY HIS CASE DIRECTLY BEFORE GOD (13:1-28; 16:1-22) A. No hope in his friends (13:2-6; 16:2-6) B. God’s affliction poured out on him (16:7-14) C. Yet his hope only in God (16:17-21; 13:13-18) Lecture 18 C. Yet hope only in God (continued)

Lesson 10

REFLECTION AND TRUST

(Job 19; 26-31)

I. MEMORIES OF FORMER DAYS A. Life prior to his suffering (29:1-25) B. Present situation contrasted (30:1-31) II. JOB’S PURITY (31:1-40) A. General remarks B List of sins form which Job is pure 1. Relations with women (31: 1-12) 2. Relations with servants (31:13-15) 3. Relations with the needy (31: 16-23) 4. Relating to worship (31:24-28)

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5. Relation to other men (31:29-37) 6. Relating to improper farming practices (31:38-40) Lecture 19 III. THE LOT OF THE WICKED (27:8-23) IV. WISDOM FOUND ONLY IN GOD A. Man’s efforts on earth : wisdom of a sort ( 28:1-11) B. True wisdom not found here (28:12-22) C. God, the source of true wisdom (28:23-28) V. THE REDEEMER EXPECTED (19:25-27) Lecture 20 V. THE REDEEMER EXPECTED (19:25-27) (continued) A. Job’s understanding of the term redeemer B. His belief in the resurrection (cf. 14:12-14)

Lesson 11

ELIHU SPEAKS

(Job 32-37)

I. REASONS FOR SPEAKING ( 32:1-22) A. Twofold motive( 32:2-5) B. Elihu’s delay in speaking excused (32:6-22) II. THE PRINCIPAL QUESTION: WHY DID JOB SUFFER? ( 33:1-33)

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A. The question stated (33:1-12) Lecture 21 A. The question stated (33:1-12) ( continued) B. The answer given (33:13-20) III. GOD NOT UNJUST (34:1-37) A. Elihu’s words to the friends (34:1-9) B. Elihu’s thinking (34:10-30) C. Elihu’s advice to Job (34:31-37) IV. THE QUESTION GENERALIZED: WHY DO THE RIGHTEOUS SUFFER? (35:1-16) A. God’s greatness (35:1-12) B. God’s rejection of vain praying (35:13-16) Lecture 22 V. GOD’S GREATNESS: THEREFORE MAN’S SUBMISSION (36,37)

Lesson 12

GOD HIMSELF SPEAKS TO JOB

(Job 38-41)

I. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS A. Necessity of revelation 1. Man’s inability to attain information apart form revelation 2. Man’s inability to detach himself from emotional involvement

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B. Nature of God’s revelation to Job: why is what God says so effective? 1. God’s authority 2. God’s use of question method II. MAN’S INCOMPETENCY TO EXPLAIN NATURE (38:1-41) A. Opening remarks (38:1-3) B. Questions regarding nature (38:4-41) III. MAN’S INCOMPETENCY IN REGARD TO ANIMALS (39:1-30) Lecture 23 III. MAN’S INCOMPETENCY IN REGARD TO ANIMALS IN EXPALINING NATURE (continued) A. The wild goats (39:1-4) B. The wild ass (39: 5-8) C. The unicorn (wild ox or buffalo) (39:9-12) IV. REPROOF OF JOB (40:1-14) A. Job bidden to speak (40:1-2) B. Job deeply humbled – he had nothing to say (40:3-5) C. Job unqualified to speak (40:6-14) V. MAN’S INCOMPETENCY IN RESPECT TO BEHEMOTH A. Behemoth (probably the hippopotamus) (40:15-24) B. Leviathan (probably the crocodile) (41:1-34)

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Lesson 13

JOB REWARDED

(Job 42)

I. JOB’S REPENTANCE (42:1-6) A. A changed viewpoint (42:1-4) Lecture 24 B. The repentant heart of Job II. GOD AND THE THREE FRIENDS A. God’s wrath against them B. The prescribed remedy III. BLESSING TO JOB (42:10-17) A. Interest of relatives (42:10-11) B. Restoration of property (42:12) C. Restoration of family (42:13-15) IV. OVERALL PURPOSE

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Questions Lessons 1 and 2

1. At what time in history did Job live? 2. Locate geographically the place where Job lived. 3. How did God characterize Job’s spiritual condition? 4. How did Job show his spiritual concern for his children? 5. List the material wealth of Job. 6. What is the present domain of Satan? 7. What is the general type of work of Satan? 8. How does this story indicate that Satan can control elements of nature? 9. How does it indicate that Satan can control elements of nature? 10. How would you characterize the limitation of Satan’s power?

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1. Name Job’s four visitors. Which one came last? 2. For what purpose did they come to Job? 3. What was the first reaction to Job’s appearance? 4. How would you characterize these men? 5. What was the basic viewpoint of all four in respect to Job? 6. About how mush time did Satan spend in destroying Job’s property? What

significance do you see in this?? 7. Characterize the emotional blow experienced by Job on hearing news that all his

children had been killed. 8. Set forth the significance of his described reaction (1:20-21) 9. What was the significance of the advice of Job’s wife in 2:9? 10. Characterize his reaction to her.

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Questions

Lessons 5 and 6 1. Why was Job wrong in cursing his birthday? 2. What are some advantages Job saw in being dead? 3. How would you characterize Job’s despair? 4. How may Job’s sin in this despair be harmonized with the statements of 1:22 and

2:10 that he did not sin? 5. What general warning may be taken from the fact that Job did sin here? 6. What was the main stress in Eliphaz’s speeches to Job? 7. What remedy did Eliphaz propose to Job that he might be relieved? 8. How would you evaluate Eliphaz’s advice for man generally? 9. How would you evaluate it in reference to Job? 10. Are the wicked always punished?

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Questions

Lessons 7 and 8

1. What was the main theme of Bildad in his speeches? 2. How do you believe he related this theme to Job’s situation? 3. What was his point in using the papyrus illustration? 4. What point as he making in saying that God will not alter justice? 5. What did he say was the result of not recognizing God’s greatness? 6. What was Zophar’s principal theme? 7. What do you believe was the harshest thing he say regarding Job? 8. What was his advice to Job? 9. What dire results did he see for the person who did not recognize his proper

dependence on God? 10. What sort of a person do you believe Zophar was?

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1. Contrast Job’s attitude as manifested in early chapters where he speaks later. 2. What is Job’s opinion of his friends? 3. What was Job’s point in saying that he was too unimportant to be punished in

this way? 4. Was Job right in saying that the wicked are not always punished? 5. What did Job mean by: “Though he slays me, - yet will I trust him?” 6. What sort of life had Job led prior to his time of affliction? 7. Characterize Job’s thinking as to his own purity from sin. 8. What did Job think of man’s scientific and technical efforts on earth? 9. What is true wisdom as Job speaks of it? 10. What was Job’s point in stating:” I know that my redeemer liveth?”

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Questions Lessons 11-13

1. What two reasons did Elihu give for desiring now to speak? 2. How does discipline for a wrong differ form punishment? 3. How would you characterize Elihu’s attitude toward Job? 4. In what connection does Elihu does Elihu speak about God not hearing vain

praying? 5. In what way did Elihu differ from the three friends and what way did he not? 6. How does the book of Job illustrate the necessity of God’s revelation? 7. Did God, in chapters 38-41, answer Job’s main question? 8. What was the main stress made by God in his speaking? 9. What was the purpose of speaking particularly of behemoth and leviathan? 10. What significance was there in God giving Job an opportunity to speak half-way

through His time of speaking? 11. What was the principal thing God wanted on Job’s part? 12. What did God demand of the three friends? 13. Characterize Job’s thinking when they came to him as God directed? 14. Why did God see fit to double Job’s previous wealth 15. What would you say is the main lesson to be learned from the book of Job?

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

(Suggested books for further study)

Aker, Charles F. The Divine Drama of Job (The Short Course Series). Ed. John Adams. New York, NY: Charles Scribners & Sons, 1913.

Baker, Wesley C. More Than a Man Can Take: A Study of Job. Philadelphia, PA: The

Westminister Press, 1966. Barnes, Alfred. Notes of the Old Testament, Explanatory and Practical on the Book of

Job. 2 vol. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1969 Blackwood, A.W., Jr. A Devotional Introduction to Job. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book

House. Blake, Buchanan. The Book of Job and the Problem of Suffering. New York, NY: Hodder

and Stoughton, 1911. Bode, William. The Book of Job and the Solution of the Problem of Suffering it Offers.

Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1914. Calvin, John. Sermons from Job. Selected and translated by Leroy Nixon. Grand Rapids,

MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1952. Caryl, Joseph. An Expedition of Job. Evansville, IN: Sovereign Grace Publishers, 1959. Chapell, Clovis G. Sermons from Job. New York, NY: Abingdon Press, 1947. Chapman, Milo L. The Book of Job in The Beacon Bible Commentary. Vol III. Kansas

City, MO: Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City, 1967. Davidson, Andrew B. The Book of Job (The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges).

Cambridge, United Kingdom: The University Press, 1893. Delitzsch, F., and Keil, C.F. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: Job. 2 vol.

Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1949.

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Driver, Samuel R., and Gray, George B. “A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the

Book of Job” in the International Critical Commentary. 2 vol. Edinburgh, Scotland: T. & T. Clark, 1921.

Ellison, H. L. Form Tragedy to Triumph, the Message of the Book of Job. Grand Rapids,

MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1958. Fausset, A.R. Job. Vol. III in A commentary: Critical, Experimental and Practical on

the Old and New Testaments. eds Robert Jamieson, A.R Fausset, and David Brown. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1967.

Gibson, Edgar C.S. The Book of Job. London, England: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1905. Gordis, R. The Study of God and Man: A study of Job. Chicago, IL: The University of

Chicago Press, 1965. Green, W.H Job’s Triumph over Satan. Marshalltown; National Foundation for Christian

Education ( N.F.C.E.). Guillaume, A. Studies in the Book of Job. Ed. John MacDonald. Leiden, Germany: E. J.

Brill, 1968. Heavener, E.S.P. “Job” in The New Bible Commentary. Ed. Francis Davidson , et. Al.

Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1960. Hulme, William E. Dialogue in Despair. Nashville, TN: The Abingdon Press, 1968. Kent, Homer H. Job, Our Contemporary. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans

Publishing Co., 1967. Moorehead, William G., Outline Studies in the Books of the Old Testament. Pittsburgh:

United Presbyterian Board of Publication. 1893. Morgan, G. Campell. The Book of Job (The Analyzed Bible). New York, NY: H. Revell

Co., 1935. Peake, Arthur S. Job: Introduction: Revised Version with notes and index. (The New

Century Bible). New York, NY: Henry Frowde, 1905.

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Penn- Lewis, Jessie. The Story of Job. A Glimpse into the Ministry of Suffering. London,

England: Marshall Brothers, 1902. Pfeiffer, C.F., and Harrison, E.F. eds. The Wycliffe Bible Commentary. Chicago, IL:

Moody Press, 1962. Ridout, Samuel. The Book of Job. New York, NY: Loizeaux Brothers, Bible Truth Depot. Stevenson, William B. The Poem of Job: A Literary Study with a new translation.

London, England: Oxford University Press, 1947. Terrien, Samuel Lucien. Job, Poet of Existence. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs- Merrill, 1957. Watkins, B.U. The Book of Job in English Verse. Trans. Thomas Scott. Cincinnati, OH:

Christian Book Concern, 1848. Watson, Robert, A. “The Book of Job” in The Expositor’s Bible. New York, NY: George

H. Doran Co., 1892. White, E.W. Ancient Yet Modern, The Book of Job. Toronto, Canada: United Church

Publishing House, 1939.

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