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Asian Power Grid

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  • AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

    ASEAN POWER GRID : An Outlook of Interconnection Projects Involving Peninsular

    Malaysia

    By:

    Abdul Rahim Omar & Mohd Nasir Ahmad

    Transmission Division, Tenaga Nasional Berhad

    17 August 2015

    AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

  • Presentation outline

    Overview Possible factors that could drive Peninsular Malaysia for more active energy

    exchange or trading in the future

    Brief updates on the interconnection projects Sarawak - Peninsular Malaysia (SARPEN) HVDC interconnection Sumatera- Peninsular Malaysia (SUMPEN) HVDC interconnection Singapore Peninsular Malaysia Interconnection Thailand - Peninsular Malaysia interconnections

    Policy development and studies performed to accommodate future cross border energy exchange / power trading Regional and internal level

    Closing remarks

  • AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

    Overview: Possible factors that could drive Peninsular Malaysia for more active energy exchange or trading in the future

  • MALAYSIAS ENERGY POLICY: Evolving in accordance to the current & future socio economic and energy situation. Self-sufficiency is still the order of the day

    National Energy Policy (1979)

    National Depletion Policy (1980)

    National Fuel Policy (1981)

    National Fuel Policy (2001)

    National Green Technology Policy (2009)

    RE Act and SEDA Act (2011)

    8th Malaysia Plan (2001-2005)

    RE as the fifth fuel

    Target: 5% RE in energy mix

    9th Malaysia Plan (2006-2010)

    Grid-connected RE (target): 300 MW in Pen. Malaysia & 50 MW in Sabah

    Targeted power generation mix:

    56% natural gas, 36% coal, 6% hydro, 0.2% oil,

    1.8% Renewable Energy

    Carbon intensity reduction target: 40% lower than 2005 levels by 2020

    10th Malaysia Plan (2011-2015)

    New RE Policy and Action Plan

    Target: 985 MW of RE by 2015 (~5.5% of energy mix)

    11th Malaysia Plan (2016-2020)

    Development in progress

    RE development & EE will be part of focus area Source: Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water

  • Malaysias commitments on environment: Voluntary reduction of up to 40% in terms of carbon emissions intensity by the year 2020

    Malaysia has signed the Kyoto Protocol in March 1999 and ratified the Protocol in Sept 2002

    In the Copenhagen 2009 summit, Malaysia has indicated that it is adopting an indicator of a voluntary reduction of up to 40% in terms of carbon emissions intensity by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels, subject to assistance by the Annex 1 countries

    Malaysia could be subjected to a more stringent environmental regulations

    Locally : Clean Air Act

    Internationally : Carbon emission limit

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    Gas CC Gas GT Coal Nuclear Diesel

    tCO

    2/M

    Wh

    Fuel & Plant Type

  • Important to address the challenges in delivering sustainable power supply to the nation amid challenging and evolving ESI outlook..

    Energy Sustainability / Security

    Availability of fuel - gas & coal

    Limitation of alternative fuels nuclear, hydro & RE

    Difficulty in securing Rights-of Way (ROW) for transmission line

    Limited sites for future power plants

    Economic Sustainability

    Impact of global economic crisis

    Volatility (fluctuation) of fuel prices

    Regional Competitiveness / Multiplier Effect

    Electrification for very remote areas

    Environment sustainability

    Climate change issue linked to burning of fossil fuel

    Stringent emission standard and global concerns on carbon emission

    NIMBY syndrome

    Renewable Energy

  • Interconnections with the neighbouring power systems is an effective option to address energy security and sustainability

    Diversifying energy sources is part of the energy security measures which can be contributed through cross border interconnections

    These power purchase and /or energy exchange are achievable with the realization of ASEAN Power Grid (APG)

    Note : Power Purchase one direction of power flow Energy exchange two directions of power flow due to difference in load profile of two systems

  • AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

    Brief updates on the interconnection projects: (1) Sumatera- Peninsular Malaysia (SUMPEN) HVDC interconnection

    Economic exchange of energy

  • Sumatera P.Malaysia 600MW HVDC Interconnection Project

    Telu

    k G

    on

    g Su

    bst

    atio

    n

    53km Submarine cable

    50km OHL

    5km Submarine cable

    139km OHL

    National border

    Melaka

    Strait Rupat

    Strait

    Per

    awan

    g H

    VA

    C

    Sub

    stat

    ion

    Selat MelakaSelat Rupat

    Pulau

    RupatSumatera Melaka

    Telok Gong

    Converter StationGaruda Sakti

    Converter Station

    170kmHVDC Overhead

    Transmission Line

    30kmHVDC Overhead

    Transmission Line

    5kmHVDC Submarine Cable

    53kmHVDC Submarine Cable

    National Border150km 50km

    Perawang Converter Station

    Telok Gong Converter Station

  • Sumatera - Peninsular Malaysia is regarded as a priority project in APG

    Shared Benefits Lower reserve margins Spinning reserves Efficient power generations Deferred capital investment

    0900 1500 hrs (WIB) 1800 2200 hrs (WIB)

  • Stages and Status

    1

    Seabed Survey Works

    Survey works commenced on 27 June 2013.

    Geophysical survey completed in October 2013.

    Geotechnical survey completed on 20th May 2014.

    Final report completion date is 31st May 2014.

    2

    Appointment of Owners Engineer (OE) for 4 phases of the project

    Contract awarded to Fichtner, Germany (OE) on 7th Mar 2014

    Phase 1 - Engineering Study, System Study & Basic Functional Spec

    Phase 2 - Preparation of tender document for EPC contract

    Phase 3 - Tender evaluation & award Target October 2017

    Phase 4 - Construction & Commissioning

    3

    Progress to date

    Phase 1 Completed

    Phase 2 - Tender for EPC to be floated by September 2016 (tentative)

    Phase 3 - Appointment of EPC targeted to be by October 2017 (tentative)

    Phase 4 - Target commissioning by end 2020 (tentative)

  • AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

    Brief updates on the interconnection projects: (2) Sarawak - Peninsular Malaysia (SARPEN) HVDC interconnection

    Harnessing the huge hydro power potentials in Sarawak

  • Based on latest plan, the import from Sarawak has been targeted by 2025

    Total remaining hydro potential in Peninsula is less than 2000 MW, mainly high cost peaking hydro

    All large hydro potential in Peninsula are utilized

    Sarawaks hydro-electric power potential > 20,000 MW New hydro development in Sarawak;

    Bakun (2400 MW, 2012) Murum (900 MW) Baram (1000 MW) Baleh (1400 MW) Limbang (150 MW) Batang Ai extension (50 MW) Martiawah, Belepeh, Linau, Tutoh, Ulu Ai & Lawas

    (1000 MW)

  • It would now be a System to System Interconnection rather than the previous plan of having a dedicated hydro power plant (i.e. Bakun) for Peninsular Malaysia

    Voltage DC 500kV

    Transmission Capacity 1600 - 2000 MW

    Route Length Total Length of 1380 km

    Central Sarawak Kg Pueh 404 km

    HVDC Submarine Cables 676 km

    Tg Leman Bentong (S) 300 km

    BENTONG (S) Converter Station

    TG LEMAN (Transition point)

    KG PUEH (Transition point)

    CENTRAL SARAWAK Converter Station

  • Progress so far

    Results of preliminary system studies by the technical working team involving TNB & Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) are being finalized Commercial matters (including implementation & operational risks,

    business model etc) to be addressed next

    At a higher level, it was clarified that a clear direction and commitment on the import of power from Sarawak into Peninsular Malaysia is required The industry expects both the Federal Government and Sarawak

    State Government to come to an agreement or understanding for the relevant players to proceed

  • Issues & Concerns

    Submarine Cable Design

    Possible options for the cable insulations:

    Mass Impregnated (MI) paper tape Mass Impregnated Paper-

    Polypropylene-Laminated (MI-PPL) tape

    MI cables Cross-sectional area (CSA) from 2000

    mm2 to 2500mm2 Maximum capacity is around 830 MW Has been used since 1954

    MI-PPL cable CSA is maintained at 2000 mm2 Maximum capacity is around 1000

    MW Relatively new technology

    Securing the Right of Way (ROW)

    Right of Way (ROW) for overhead lines in Sarawak & Peninsular Malaysia

    The HVDC overhead lines will traverse approximately 404km in Sarawak and 300km in Peninsular Malaysia

    The route in Peninsular Malaysia could impact sensitive areas :

    Forest Reserve & National Parks Aboriginal lands FELDA settlements Corporate lands

    Lengthy process to secure timely approval for the ROWs

    In addition, high compensation land costs is expected

  • Issues & Concerncontd Power cables crossing international waters

    About 70 percent of the submarine cables will be crossing Indonesian Water

    Need to comply to United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (UNCLOS)

    No restriction to lay submarine cables in the high sea and on the continental shelves but each country has jurisdictions over its territorial waters

    A Government-to-Government agreement need to be formulated to ensure uninterrupted implementation and future operation of the highway

    Risk of submarine cables dictated by the ownership of the cables

    Sarawak

    Peninsular Malaysia

    Natuna Island

    South China Sea

    Indonesian waters

    Submarine cable

  • Issues & Concerncontd Submarine Cables Crossings (telecommunications, gas pipelines, military training areas)

    The proposed cables will be crossing the existing installations:

    16 numbers of communication cables, of which 11 numbers are in operation

    Gas pipeline from West Natuna to Singapore

    Crossing the military missile firing exercise area (Malaysian Water)

    Lengthy process to secure approval / concurrence from all parties before any works can commence

  • AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

    Brief updates on the interconnection projects: (3) Singapore Peninsular Malaysia Interconnection

    Enhancing system security of both systems

  • Both TNB and Singapore Power had just completed a preliminary study focusing on the possible upgrade of the existing 230kV HVAC link

    The motivation for the review The existing interconnection

    has been in operation since 1985, and it is timely to review the replacement of the aged equipment

    The growth of both systems, thus making the existing interconnection relatively small. Hence the need to review the performance and adequacy of capacity of interconnection

    Readiness for possible import/export of power as part of ASEAN Power Grid

  • Salient info about the existing interconnection

    Interconnection Agreement (IA) signed on 29 August 1983 Interconnection is not for commercial transaction. Agreement is effective until either party terminates it

    Key objectives of present Interconnection To enable mutual energy transfer in times of need (i.e. emergency) To allow sharing of spinning reserves (Economical mode of system

    operation)

    The IA covers operations during Normal conditions Emergency condition and slippage condition

    Slippage condition is a condition when energy is required by one party for a specific duration.

    Emergency condition is a condition when energy is required by one party following a forced outage of plant or equipment in one power system.

  • Potential Issues on Policies Governing Inter-border / Country Power Import/Export

    The existing Interconnection Agreement (IA) only allows provision of mutual support between Singapore and Malaysia, not for Trading

    Policies applicable in each country need to be complied Singapore is operated as full market environment

    Electricity Importer (EI) has to incorporate a company in Singapore and apply for electricity Import Licence.

    EI is required to participate in the Singapore Wholesale Electricity Market (SWEM)

    TNB is currently regulated under Incentive Based Regulation (IBR) to promote efficiency. Justification for upgrading is required for the project to be considered as

    regulated asset under IBR

  • AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

    Brief updates on the interconnection projects: (4) Thailand - Peninsular Malaysia interconnections

    23

  • Interconnections between Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand

    Currently, there are two existing interconnections

    #1 : 132kV AC Bkt Ketri Sadao (80MW)

    #2 : 300kV HVDC Gurun Khlong Ngae (300MW)

    The third link was identified in 2009 to be needed in 2012.

    #3 : 132kV AC Rantau Panjang Sungai Golok

    Capacity : 100MW

    However, this project has put on hold since then

    3 2 1

    24

  • AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

    Policy development and studies performed to accommodate future cross border energy exchange / power trading

    1) Studies aiming at harmonizing the different technical standards currently used in ASEAN member countries

    2) Development of relevant policies in Malaysia to enable trans-country energy exchange

  • Regionally, HAPUA had initiated a Harmonization Study focusing on achieving minimum common technical standards

    26

  • Following the Harmonization Study, two study groups have been formed, i.e. (i) ASEAN Transmission System Operator (ATSO) (ii) ASEAN Generation & Transmission Planning (AGTP)

    To facilitate the co-ordination, consultation

    & joint impact assessment studies of grid planners of interconnected Control Areas to ensure the reliable, secure and sustainable cross-border exchanges of power, energy, reactive power, etc. whenever there is a facility of a new Significant Grid User planned or a facility of an existing Significant Grid User to be upgraded that will have impact on part or the whole of the APG

    To facilitate periodic workshops & meetings for grid planners to get acquainted with each other & to share experiences in implementing specific provisions stipulated in the Guidelines and in subsequent minimum common technical standards on planning related issues

    To take charge of the development & subsequent periodic review & modification of minimum common technical standards for the APG

    To coordinate the operation of APG & to publish annual work programme, annual report and annual generation and transmission adequacy outlooks to provide transparent and clear information to give confidence to investors in ASEAN on the security and reliability of APG as well as to give confidence to generation and transmission facilities investors on their investments

    To takes charge of the proposed trial operation of the recommended Guidelines on a few existing Interconnectors in ASEAN

    27

  • Internally, Malaysias policy framework and principle guidelines for cross border trading was approved in Oct 2012

    28

    Utility needs to ensure the price of power to be purchased should be competitive compared to domestic alternative supply options ; except for

    emergency cases

    These 6 principle guidelines MUST be first met before any cross border can be considered

    4. Transaction should be at market price

    5. The level of comfortable reserve

    margin

    6. The CO2 emissions intensity reduction target

    1. The ability to meet the forecasted peak demand

    2. The ability to meet the forecasted energy

    demand

    3. The ability to meet specified system

    requirement to ensure reliability

    Source : KeTTHA presentation, Oct 2012

  • GURUN (E)

    JUNJUNG

    AYER TAWAR JANAMANJUNG

    BKT TAREK

    KAPAR

    LENGGENG

    OLAK LEMPIT

    JIMAH YONG PENG (E)

    BKT BATU

    TG BIN PASIR GUDANG

    500kV line 500kV line but energized at 275kV

    BENTONG

    ULU JELAI

    HULU TERENGGANU NEW PRAI

    and TNBs 500kV backbone would be ready for APG by early 2020

    TNB is spending more than

    RM2.0 billion to complete the

    500kV missing link

    Part of strategic initiatives by the

    Regulator to ensure successful

    competitive bidding for new

    generation capacity

    The 500kV backbone could

    easily accommodate multi-lateral

    power trading using TNBs

    network

  • AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

    Closing remarks

    30

  • Summary of existing and future interconnections with P. Malaysia mode of power transfer

    Mode of power transfer from Sumatera Energy exchange (initially) Power purchase (possible in the future)

    Mode of power transfer from Singapore Energy exchange (now) Transcountry power purchase (potential in the future)

    Mode of power transfer from Thailand Two way power purchase (now) Trans-country power purchase (potential in the future)

    Mode of power transfer from Sarawak Power purchase

  • Closing remarks

    Internally, further initiatives are required to clarify and strengthen the policy and guidelines governing future cross border trading in Malaysia

    Regionally, the supporting initiatives to harmonize the different existing planning/operations standards, technical guidelines and regulatory framework among ASEAN member countries must be pursued to ensure successful realization of the ASEAN Power Grid

    Finally, TNB has always regarded ASEAN Power Grid as a means to diversify the energy sources and more importantly, to enhance the energy security

    32

  • AORC-CIGRE TECHNICAL MEETING 16th to 21st August 2015

    The Magellan Sutera Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA

    THANK YOU

    Abdul Rahim Omar ([email protected])

    Mohd Nasir Ahmad ([email protected])