p4-presentation malone-lee 23rd may 2013 for iscu kl

8/13/2019 p4-Presentation Malone-Lee 23rd May 2013 for ISCU KL

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World’s urban population is growing

Source: United Nations (2008), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision

29.130.9

32.934.7

3637.3

39.140.9

4344.7

46.648.6

50.652.7 54.9

57.259.7

62.264.7

67.269.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Percentage of urban population (%)

World Afica Asia Europe Latin America and the Caribbean Northern America Oceania



Source: United Nations (2008), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision

Asia and Africa are urbanizing more rapidly than the

other regions

Asia1.42%

Asia1.66%

Asia1.24%

Asia1.04%

-0.50%

0.00%

0.50%

1.00%

1.50%

2.00%

2.50%

1950-1975 1975-2007 2007-2025 2025-2050

Rate of urbanization by region

Africa Asia Europe Latin America & the Caribbean Northen America Oceania



Source: htt ://www.cit ma ors.com/statistics/lar est-cities-densit -125.html

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

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Top 50 Largest cities in the world ranked by population densityDensity (people per sqKm)

TOP 50 LARGEST CITIES IN THE WORLD RANKED BY

POPULATION DENSITY (Persons Per Sq Km)



6



Urban Stress

The conditions of the man-made environment asexperienced in high-risemassive buildings, auditorynoise, urban transportationsystems are integral to themanifestation of urban stress(Cappon, 1977)

The impact on quality of life(loss of wellbeing) affectingmental health when people’slevel of stress increase dueto daily hassles such as

annoyances that areoccurring continuously orrepeatedly in the city arisingfrom density, noise andcommuting (Krupat, 1985)

•



Wellbeing : various definitions

May simply be defined as “basic needs” such as “health”,

the deprivation of which can lead to “serious harm” (Doyal &

Gough, 1991)

May look beyond basic needs to include other aspects of

life such as family life, work relationships….to also

embrace people’s ability to pursue their goals, to thrive

and “feel satisfied” with their life (OECD, 2011)

May refer to happiness, life satisfaction or freedom (Welsch

and Kuhling, 2009) Also associated with intellectual, spiritual and cultural

pleasure (May, 2007)



Questions

From an urban planning perspective, how do we respond

to increasing stress or pressures in the urbanenvironment that affect wellbeing?

How do we embrace the various definitions and

considerations of wellbeing as part of the urban planning

process?

What level or type of “influence” or “intervention” is

appropriate?

How do we integrate less tangible concerns into planningthinking and principles?



3 Dimensions

Dimensions or perspectives that might enable us to

consider/ assess human wellbeing in the context of urbanplanning:

Resource and consumption perspective“Good Environment” or “dependency”

perspective

Social Capital perspective



Resource and consumption

The argument is that the more goods and services are

attained, the higher is a person’s well-being (Magrabi, 1991)

Income is the most commonly used parameter for

assessment of how well an individual or society is doing

The rationale is that many of the contributing factors to

well-being such as housing, healthcare services,

education services, etc. can be “bought” in the market

(Squire, 1991), and hence, the availability of income is seen

as representing the ability to purchase, acquire andenjoy such goods and services



“ Good Environment” Human biological functions have a fundamental need

for food, water, clean air, shelter and relative climaticconstancy to survive and thrive

“Good” environment is a prerequisite for humanwellbeing because people are dependent on the

biosphere and ecosystems to function well This is also associated with various non-material

benefits, e.g. opportunities for recreation, aestheticappreciation, inspiration, psychological wellbeing,

scientific pursuits and education, improvement ofmental health, enhancing a sense of culture,advancing knowledge, etc. (WHO, 2005) all of whichcontribute to individual wellbeing and enrichment



Social Capital People are social creatures and would be

far better if supported by others in the

community

Studies have affirmed that people with

extensive and supportive networks are

more likely to be employed, to have

better career progression, to be paidmore, to have better mental health, to be

less affected by stress, to successfully

recover from health shocks and to live

longer in general (OECD, 2011)

“social capital”, defined by the stock of relationship, organizations, shared values

and knowledge and trust, etc. in society. (Putman, 2000)



Parks/urbanspaces Mobility

Sense of

Belonging

Employment

Health

Culture

home

Recreation

Climate

Infrastructure

Housing

SchoolsHospitals

Places ofworship

CommunityCentres Cinema,theatres

Markets

shops

Air

Shed

Energy

Agriculture

wellbeing

Neighbourli

ness

Population

Industries

Commerce

Land

water

Waste

Forests

Educatio

n

Creativity

Roads/rails

Safety

Offices

Natureareas

Stress

Inducers

Stress

Inducers© Malone-Lee 2013



Well-being approach from the Planning

Perspective

Defining well-being? Happiness (sensual, intellectual, spiritual and cultural, life

satisfaction

Freedom (personal & societal, family ties, social participation,etc.)

Inner (Wellbeing)domains Income, consumption & leisure

Social relationship

Health

Safety and social vitality

Society, culture and justice

Education, literacy, skills,training

Employment and working

conditions

Inner (Wellbeing)domains Income, consumption & leisure

Social relationship

Health

Safety and social vitality

Society, culture and justice

Education, literacy, skills,training

Employment and working

conditions

ResourceDomains

Eco-systems

Natural resource capital

Knowledge capital

Infrastructure andproduction capital

ResourceDomains

Eco-systems

Natural resource capital

Knowledge capital

Infrastructure andproduction capital

Means of Influencing

Prioritizing

Planning Policies and

StrategiesLand use planning

Infrastructure development

Amenities provision

Regulatory Regimes

Participatory/stakeholdersregime

© Malone-Lee 2013



Analyzing and Prioritizing in DPSIR

Drivers

Economic growthPopulation

Urbanizaation

Consumption

Pressure

density

State

Crowdedness, Congestion

Air and Water Quality

ImpactHealth

Work-Life BalanceSafety

Response

Regulations

Pricing

Direct or Associative causes

Quality of the

environment

Policies andTargets

Prioritize actions



Housing Planning



19

Ownership

Quality of Life

Affordability

Friends &Neighbors

Belonging

Health

Aging

Land

Buildings &

Houses

Services Amenities

Infrastructure

Estate

Upgrading

Neighborhoods

Accessibility

Urban Renewal

Community-Participation

Governance

Management



Park Planning

The 62 hectare Ang Mo

Kio-Bishan Park was once

home to a 2.7km stretch of

the Kallang River which

was channelled through a

straight concrete canal

Atelier Dreiseitl and

CH2MHill have converted

this waterway into a

winding stream which

meanders through

greenery and foliage



Bringing back biodiversity

Enhancing ecological functions

Images courtesy of Atelier Dreiseitl Asia



Serving the community

Images courtesy of Atelier Dreiseitl Asia



Hospital Planning

Khoo Teck Puat

Hospital is a

550-bed acutecare hospital

Serves more

than 600,000

residents in the

northern regionof Singapore



Vertical Landscapes



Designed as a garden



Extending the Grounds



Wellbeing in Planning

Going forward

• Planning for multi-

functionality

• Creating Opportunities

and Diversity

• Identify wellbeing

multipliers, keystones



THANK YOU

p4-presentation malone-lee 23rd may 2013 for iscu kl

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