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APPENDIX - Pa. 1
E x t r a c t s from some r e p l y letters of t h e Oora lans of B r i t i s h
Malabar abou t Temple E n t r y problem to t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e of
Zamorin of Ca l i cu t .
------- a. Let ter of Rajah Sir Vasudeva Rajah
Kollengode,
1 8 t h December, 1932
My d e a r Zamorin Rajah Sahib,
I am i n due r e c e i p t of your k ind letter of t h e
2 1 s t October i n r e g a r d to t h e q u e s t i o n of e n t r y b y t h e
non c a s t e Hindus i n t h e temples of Malabar . . . My
e n q u i r i e s go to show t h a t a l a r g e number of moderate and
r e s p o n s i b l e s e c t i o n of p e o p l e i n Malabar are whol ly a g a i n s t
t h e idea of throwing open o u r temple f o r t h e e n t r y of t h o s e
who have been i n t h e p a s t b o t h by t r a d i t i o n and custom
exc luded from such en t ry . Every c a s t e and community has
i t s own temples and worship is clone i n t h o s e temples by
p e o p l e be longing t o t h e r e s p e c t i v e c a s t e a and communities
w i t h o u t any hinderance o r inconvenience. The r e s u l t of
throwing open t h e h igh c a s t e Hindu temples to o t h e r l o w
c a s t e a t h a t do n o t now e n j o y t h e p r i v i l e g e w i l l be f o r c i n g
t h e h ighe r c a s t e s to desert t h e s e temples and it is also
l i k e l y t h a t t h e p r i e s t s and T h a n t h r i e s who now do t h e
p u j a s w i l l c e a s e to do t h o s e f u n c t i o n s . . . a t 5
. . . . . Even t h e h igh c a s t e Hindus have t h e i r
own l i m i t a t i o n s i n e n t e r i n g c e r t a i n p o r t i o n s of t h e
temples and even t h e &?harajas of Travancore and Cochin
i n s p i t e of t h e i r h igh p o s i t i o n and d i g n i t y a r e n o t
a l lowed t o go i n t o t h e sanctum sanctorum of even temples
where t h e i r own w i l l i s :law f o r such e n t r a n c e , . . . . . . . Queen Victoria i n h e r g r e a t p roc lamat ion
a f t e r t h e g r e a t I n d i a n Mlltiny has he ld o u t freedom of
worsh ip to a l l c l a s s e s o f s u b j e c t s of t h e I n d i a n Empire
a n d t h e Government w i l l be fai1:Lng i n t h e i r d u t y i f t h e y
f a i l t o protect t h e legal . r i g h t s o f worship of t h e
temple g o e r s eventhough t h e y be i n a minor i ty .
I have n i n e temples under my management of which one
i s a most a n c i e n t one, namely t h e K ~ c h a n K u r i s s i Temple . . . I am n o t p repa red to throw open any of my t emples to
"AVARNAS" and I s h a l l not. be s u r p r i s e d i f t h e r e is s e r i o u s
b r e e c h of peace i f t h e y a r e forc! ibly e n t e r e d i n t o . '. . The p r e s e n t a t t e m p t of a c e r t a i n s e c t i o n of p e o p l e to
coerce others t o a c t a g a i n s t t h e i r w i l l and long e s t a b l i s h e d
custom is h a r d l y c r e d i t a b l e t o them . . . F r an I remain
~ a j a h sir Vasudeva m j a h , ~ t . , c.I.E., k1.LeA.1 Yours very s i n c e r e l y Kollengode.
S igna ture .
h. -- L o t t c r of S.K. ~ a m a s w a m ~ m --- Ze1 I.
M.C. Mlnavedan Palghat ,
R - j a l a NOV. 3' . 15 th November 1932
From
r1.R. Ry. S.K. Ramaswamy Ayyar 4vl . B.A.,
VakilL
~ a l q h a t .
M. R. ~ y . zamorin Maharaja I ivargal ,
C ~ l i c ~ l t : .
S i r ,
I hcg t o s u b j o i n my an5:w-rs t o t h e ques t ion r l a i r e
so k ind ly s e n t t o rnn r e g a r d i n g t h e Temple Entry q u e s t i o n . . .
The e n t r y of depresecd c l a s s e s i n t o templcs in Cont ravent ion of past usaqe i s h iqh ly ob jec t ionab le .
The immemorial usages and practice:: of t h e temple are t h e
b e s t a u t h o r i t y on t11e p o i n t . . . .
Question 3
I do not agree t o any modification i n the usages
and pract ices of any temple because t i m e requires it . . . I am deadly aqainst throwins open any temple to the
Avarnas. Therefore no question of any r e s t r i c t i o n of
time and places ar i ses . . .
Your obedient servant,
Signature.
c. Letter of N. Krishnan Buttathiripad
(Unwritten opin:Lon) S ta t ion Nemini
Date 1.11.1932 N. Krishnan Buttathiripaci.
Nimini.
CHOWHAT.
Zeal
Zamorin' s off ice , Calicut.
6 - NOV. 1932
TO
The Zamorine Raja,
Cal icut
Honoured Raj a,
May I approach you w&th a f e w l i n e s of my opinion
about t h e points i n your communic SIC to t h e press and
published w i t h Mathrubhoomi dated 27.10.'32.
. . . I am an Uralan of two temples
. . . A s f a r a s my knowledge is concerned t h e r e is
no prohibi t ion i n t h e Laws ( ~ a s t r a s ) f o r t h e temple en t ry
t o t h e Avarnas . . . L qu i t e ready and will inq to open
t h e s a i d temples to a l l Avarnas.
About t h e t i m e I have t c b pay nothing but even now
it can be. They may be allowed to approach to t h e p l a c e
a s f a r a s savarnas go.
I remain
Honoured Raja
Your's f a i t h f u l l y
NIB. Krishnnn.
d.Letter of Elevooth Kalinclat Neelanthan Bhattathiripad
(Vnwritt:en opinion)
zeal
Z,unorin's of £ice
Calicut 6 Nov. 1932 From
Elawoth Kalinghat Neelanthan Bhattathiripaa,
Chittat tukara
S. Malabar.
TO
The Zamorin Raja
Calicut.
Respected Raja,
I sha l l be glad to inform you t h e following few points
f o r your kind notice and kind disposal . . . I an uralan
of four temples . . . I im ever ready and mi te will ing to
open the temples under me t o a11 Avarnas. Nothing to say
about time. They may be allowed t o go with Savarnas'.
I beg to remain,
Honoured Raja,
Your's obediently
Signature. Elovathi
1.11.'32
------ Sources Zamorin's Guruvayur Satyagraha f i l e (Vallathol
Vidyapeedom Library, Sukapwam, Edapal)
APPENDIX - No.@ PONNANI TALUK REFERENDUM RESULTS
Column Number
Details Tiroor K u t t i - Ponnani Thrith- An&- Chowghat Nettika Total i n Furkha puram Purkha a l a thodu Furkha Furkha Ponnani
Furkha Furkha Furkha Taluk ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. I Total number of Savarna Houses 1044 1084 99 4 2171 1207 1268 648 8416 I1 Number of v i s i t ed Savarna
Families 9 69 1067 994 2056 1163 1268 624 8141
111 Total nu&r of adult Samrna Males 1362 185 7 1839 2743 1467 1858 1572 12698
I V Favourable to temple Entry (Savarna Males) 866 1210 1 0 1 ~ 1 5 4 305 828 466 7505
V Unf avourable la 122 130 111 188 122 187 432 1282
VI.Tota1 number of adult Savarna Females 1564 2415 2183 3206 1973 2137 1289 14767
VII Favourable t o temple entry (Savarnrl Females) 85 5 15 60 965 1803 1350 648 883 8064
V I I I Unfavourable 15 1 185 111 19 1 126 259 277 1300 IX Males not favourable o r
unfavourable 86 133 72 214 78 153 172 908 X Females n 15 7 179 78 204 132 229 129 1108
X I Males not f e e l l i k e t o vote 298 384 638 787 216 680 .. 3003
X I 1 Females n 40 1 49 1 10 29 1008 365 1001 ... 4295
, . - (Contd. ) i. ' -
APPENDIX - NO.2 (Contd)
A* aaultSavarna 2926 4272 4022 5949 3440 3995 2861 27465 c a s t e males and females
B Favourable to temple entry 1721 2770 1983 3357 2401 1486 1850 15568 = 77 X
C Not favourable or unfamurable 243 312 150 418 210 382 301 2016 1 10 %
!2 2 D Unfavourable to temple entry 203 315 222 379 248 446 710 2583 = 13 % 2
E Not feel l i k e t o vote 699 875 1667 1795 581 1681 .... 7298 = 27 %
Source r The Mathrubhumi Newspaper, supplement to t h e i s sue , 10, 236, (December 27, 1932) P.I .
APPENDIX - N0.3 Examples of some Appeals to the %amorin of Calicut fraa
the Educational Institutions of India.
a) Appeal on a Post Card from the members of the D.A.V. College Staff - Seal D. A.V. College
Zamorious Office Hoshiarpur (punjab)
16-12-32
Dear Sir,
We, the members of the D.A.V. College Staff, request
you to throw open the Guru-vayur Temple to the so-called
untouchables, to prevent a national catastrophe. The eyes of
the whole of the country are rivetted on you. We hope that
an ehlightened man like you will rise equal to the massion.
Yours truly
With signature of 11 members
Addressed to the Z amorin , Kallai (South-India)
DAYANANDA AYURVED:LC COLLEGE, LAHORE
December 15, 1932
Zea l
Zcmorin ' s Office
C a l i c u t ,
The Z m o r i n ,
C a l i c u t .
W e t h e s t u d e n t s o f t h e Dayanand Ayurvedic College,
Lahore appea l t o you i n a l l e a r n e s t n e s s and h u m i l i t y t o
throw open t h e temple of Guruvayur to H a r i j a n s i n t h e best
i n t e r e s t of Hinduism and humanity.
With s i g n a t u r e s of 58 I y e a r s t u d e n t s .
Attested
sw- P r i n c i p a l ,
Dayanand Ayurvedic Col lege ,
LAHORE
C ) Appeal from the Students of W.L.C.M. Hiqh School, Guntur
Zeal
Zcmorins off ice
Calicut 23 Dec 1932
An Appeal To The Zmorin of Calicut
Sir,
We, the students of Ountur, most earnestly
request you to throw apen the ternple at Guruvayur of which
you are a trustee to the so-called "Avarnasn. In the
interests of our Community and in the larger interests of
our country which all hang on this issue, we appeal to your
good sense to take immediate action and thus avert the
crisis threatening the Nation.
Your's sincerely,
Guntur
16th December 1932
W.L.C.M. High School
The students of Guntur
with 108 signatures of students
Appeal from thc! s tudents o f Annamalai
U n i v e r a
Zeal
zcmorins o f f ice
C a l i c u t 26 Dec. 32
We, t h e fo l lowing s tudents o f t h e Annamalai Univers i ty
reques t t h e Zamorin of Ca l i cu t t o t h r o w open t h e g a t e s of t h e
Guruvayur Temple t o t h e IHarijans.
With 419 s ignatures of s tudents
23rd Dec . 1932
Annamalai Nagar,
C hidambaram.
e) Appeal from t h e s tuden t s clf Rana Pra tap School, Gorokh~ur
Zeal Zamorins o f f ice C a l i c u t 25 Dec.32
TO H i s Highness Raja Zmor in Ca l icu t .
S i r ,
Your honour i s f u l l y aware of t h e f a c t t h a t Mahatma
Gandhi has taken a vow t o remove t h e cu r se of untouchabi l i ty
from India, a s it hinders t h e cause of nationalism.
Consequently it is t h e duty of every i nhab i t an t of India to
h e l p t h e cause of na t ion by removing untouchabil i ty . The
demand of depressed c l a s s e s of India is t h a t t h e temple of
"Guru-Vayurm should be thrown open f o r them a s they t ake it
t o be a p r a c t i c a l proof of t h e removal of ha t r ed f o r them.
A s it lies i n your honour's Power t o open t h e temple,
w e t h e s t uden t s of Rana P ra t ap School Gorokhpur r eques t your
honour k ind ly open t h e t e m p l e before Mahatmaji c m e n c e s h i s
f a s t f o r t h e cause. If t h e temple is not opened by your
honour you can imagine t h e h o r r i b l e consequences concerning
Mahatma's l ife.
W e beg to remain,
S i r , Your most obedient pup i l e s
W i t h s i gna tu re s of 249 s tuden t s
f l A ~ ~ e a l from t h e s t uden t s of Andheri Kiqh School
Zeal
Zamorins o f f i c e
C a l i c u t 24 Dec. 32
Anheri S i c , 16th
Dec. 1932.
S j t . Zamorin,
Trus tee of t h e Guruvayur temple,
Every Hindu should have t h e oppor tuni ty of having
"Darshan" however humble his o r he r c a s t S i c may be.
we, t h e undersigned s tuden t s of high School department
o f t h e Andheri High School. believe t h i s and t h e r e f o r e with
every r e spec t appeal you t:o open t h e doors of Guruvayur
Temple f o r t h e so-cal led i~ntouchnbles who have up to now not
enjoyed such p r iv i l eges .
Yours t r u l y , (With s i gna tu re s of 8 2 s t uden t s
3) Appeal from t h e s t u d e n t s o f S r i . R~mulu , Government
I n d i a n Medical School, Madras.
Zea l
Z ~ n o r i n s o f f i c e ,
C a l i c u t 24 Dec 32
W e , t h e unders igned s t u d e n t s , h e a r t i l y welcome
t h e POONAPACT and desire t h a t t h e so -ca l l ed caste-Hindus
w i l l be more c o n c i l i a t o r y towards t h e i r fellow b r e t h e r n
HARIJANS and t r y t o u p l i f t t hem from t h e m i s e r a b l e
c o n d i t i o n s under which t h e y a r e a t p r e s e n t l abour ing .
W e do n o t f i n d any v o l i d ob jec t j .ons f o r t h e i r e n t e r i n g our
temples. The m a j o r i t y o f t h e peop le a r e n o t a g a i n s t t h e i r
e n t e r i n g o u r temples. a s it is r e p r e s e n t e d b y a handfu l o f
t h e o r thodox Hindus. So, we r e q u e s t you, t h e ZAMORIN OF
CALICUT t o t h r o w open t h e g a t e s of t h e fcmour GURUVAYUR
TEMPLE and save lives o f Mahatma Gandhi and Mr. Kelappan.,
Yours etc.,
S r i R ~ m u l u
Governmcsnt I n d i a n Medical School Madras.
With s i g n a t u r e s of 154 s t u d e n t s
h) Appeal from the Staff and Sltudents of Commercial College,
I k l h i --
Zeal
Zomorins o f f i ce
Calicut 24 bec.32
Commercial College,
8, Daryaganj,
belhi 17th bec., 1932.
The Zamoirin of Calicut
sir,
On behalf of the s t a f f and students of t h i s College
I hove the honour t o forward t o you t h e following appeal
signed by them. A copy of t h i s appeal is being forwarded to
Mahatma Gandhi. The appeal. speaks fo r i t s e l f and I have no
doubt you w i l l give it the consideration its importance
deserves.
I have the honour t o be,
S i r ,
Your most obedient Servant,
Signature Principal.
W e t h e s t u d e n t s and t h e S t a f f of t h e Commercial
C o l l e g e D e l h i f e r v e n t l y appea l t o t h e Z ~ n o r i n o f C a l i c u t
i n t h e name of God, o u r mother l a n d and t h e Hindu r e l i g i o n
t o throw open t h e doors oii Guruvayur Temple t o t h e so c a l l e d
untouchables and t h e r e b y a l l o w them to e n j o y t h e i r
i n a l i e n a b l e r i g h t s of Darahan and worship as Hindus. W e
hope you w i l l rise t o t h e h e i g h t of t h i s g r e a t occas ion and
t h e r e b y remove t h e s t igma of ty ranny and i n j u s t i c e from t h e .
f a i r f a c e o f Hinduism. A copy o f t h i s appea l is being
forwarded t o Mahatma Gandhi.
With s i g n a t u r e of 3 t e a c h e r s and 93 s tuden t s .
P r i n c i p a l
1) Appeal from t h e S t u d e n t s of l o c a l Khalsa and Hindu Sabha
Col leqe, Amr.Ltsar - Z e n 1
Zarnorin's O f f i c e
C a l i c u t 26 Dec 32
Amri tsnr
1 4 t h Dec. 1932
S i r ,
We t h e unders igned s t u d e n t s of local k h a l s a and
Hindu Sabha Co l l ege appea l t o you i n a l l e a r n e s t n e s s and
h u m i l i t y t o throw open the! temple of Guruvnyoor t o H a r i j a n s
i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f Hindul.srn and Humanity.
W e beg t o remain
S i r ,
Yours
With s i g n a t u r e s o f 80 s t u d e n t s
Appeal from t h e Sava:rna Hindu students , Trivandrum
z e a l
Zamorin's Office, Ca l icu t ,
2 2 DEC 1932
TO
The Maharaja Zmor in of C a l i c u t
Respected S i r ,
We, t h e s igna to r ies , t h e Savarna Hindu s tuden t s of
Trivandrum, prayer f u l l y b r ing t o your n o t i c e t h e following
i n regard t o t h e Guruvayur Temple Entry referendum question.
W e a r e not impat ient of your anxie ty and f e a r w i t h regard
t o t h e de s t i ny of t h e Hindu re l ig ion . whi le w e do no t ques t ion
your inherent r i g h t to c h e r i s h your own i d e a l of Dharma i n
whatever capac i ty it be, we a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n s ee ing . t ha t it
is ensured t h e worth of it i n i ts capac i ty t o conform t o t h e
very fundamentals of it. Over enthusiasm should no t be
permit ted t o b l u r our vis ion. L e t u s be governed by the
All-embracing f o r c e a s r e f l e c t e d i n world opinion. To be
b l i n d t o t h e march of t i m e s is t o shu t our eyes t o t h e r e a l i t y .
Who knows t h a t Gandhiji is not t h e mouth-piece of t h e Benign
Providence? L e t us be submissive to t h e w i l l of God. pray,
w a i t , watch and see what it is. Kindly be open t o
conv ic t ion . ' L e t t r u t h be r e v e a l e d v is t h e s t a n d of
Gandhi j i . L e t us a l l be p repa red to abide by Truth.
L e t n o t t h e s e n s e of l i f e be lost. on u s by a r rogance and
assumptions of se l f - importance. Pray obey t h e Divine
c a l l . It is v e r y w e l l mani fes t . W e have been
s c r u t i n i s i n g t h e c o n t r o v e r s i e s o n b o t h sides. W e are
p a i n f u l l y s u r p r i s e d t o see your i r r e c o n c i l a b l e a t t i t u d e
a s reflected i n your v a r i o u s c o n f l i c t i n g commitments b o t h
t o t h e i n d i v i d u a l s and t o t h e g e n e r a l p u b l i c th rough t h e
press. Pray l e t us f i g h t w e l l b u t f i g h t c l ean , b u t n o t
be "though vanquished cou ld argue still 'v.
order changeth y i e l d i n g p l a c e to new And God
f u l f i l s himself i n many ways" may he g i v e u s s t r e n g t h t o
know and obey His I n v i n c i b l e w i l l . May t h e Lord of Guruvayur
gu ide us.
Pray, obey Him.
Respected S i r , Your w e l l wishers ,
K. Kesavan Nair, B.L. C l a s s & t h e fo l lowing 300.
At tached 17 pages w i t h s i g n a t u r e s of 300 s t u d e n t s £ r a n
J u n i o r p l e a d e r s h i p c l a s s , !senior p l e a d e r s h i p c l a s s , B.L., and
F.L. Classes, Law College.
k) Appeal from t h e C a s t e Hindu S t u d e n t s of T r i c h u r
AN APPEAL
z e a l
znmorin 's O f f i c e ,
C a l i c u t ,
2 6 DEC 32.
The Z m o r i n o f C a l i c u t
Respected Sir ,
W e t h e C a s t e Hindu S t u d e n t s of Tr i chu r , humbly beg
t o p u t i n a word of appea l t o you concerning t h e Temple
E n t r y Sa tyagraha going on a t Guruvayur. which h a s been
a g i t a t i n g t h e p u b l i c mind f o r t h e l a s t one year , and which
s t i l l remains a theme of e a r n e s t and p e r s i s t e n t d i s c u s s i o n s
b o t h on t h e p l a t f o r m and i n t h e press.
The d e c i s i o n o f Mahatma Gandhi to f a s t h imself t o
dea th , i f i n s p i t e of t h e desire and approva l of a h
overwhelming m a j o r i t y of cas te -h indus i n and around
Guruvayur t o throw open t h e door of t h e temple to t h e
Har i j ans , you ma in t a in an a t t i t u d e of i r r e c o n c i l a b l e
oppos i t ion . i s a m a t t e r of g r e a t concern and anxiety i n as
much as it would mean the sacrifice of the most precious
and the most valued life in the country.
It is a matter beyond dispute that a wonderful
awakening has come over the so-called untouchables. There
is a sense of new born self-respect and self-reliance
among them and the national movement which is above all a
movement of self-purification, has stimulated in them a
genuine desire to rise beyond the slough of despond. The
opening of some of the most popular and celebrated Hindu
shrines in Northern India to the entry of Harijans, the
numerous public meetings held in almost all the chief
centres of the country and the resolutions unanimously passed
in support of temple entry, are unmistakable signs of a
change of attitude among the higher castes* towards their
less fortunate countrymen.
... ... . . . ... ... ... We therefore appeal to you in the name of justice and
on grounds of fairness and humanity and above all on grounds
of national self-interest to throw open the doors of the
Guruvayur Temple and bring sunshine and happiness into the
lives of many of our race who are groaning under the weight
of sin, poverty and ignorance.
.Attached with 352 signatures of students in
APPENDIX-N0.4
TEMPLE ENTRY RULES
PROCLAMATION
BY
HIS HIGHNESS SRI. PADMANABHA DASA VANCHI PALA SIR.
RAMAVARMA KULA SEKHARA KIRTIPATI MANNEY SULTAN
MAHARAJA RAMARAJA BAHADUR SHAMSHER JANG, KNIGHT
GRAND
COMMANDER OF THE MOST EMINENT ORDER OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE,
MAHARAJA OF TRAVANCORE, ISSUED UNDER DATE THE 9TH VRISCHIGAM
1112 CORRESPONDING M THE 24TH NOVEMBER 1936.
Where as we have by a proc lamat ion i s s u e d under
date t h e 27 th Tulm 1112 cor responding t o t h e 1 2 t h November
1936 dec l a red , o rda ined and c m a n d e d t h a t , s u b j e c t to t h e
r u l e s and c o n d i t i o n s t h a t we may impose, no restriction
s h a l l be p l a c e d on any Hindu entering and worshipping a t
t h e temples c o n t r o l l e d b y US and OUR Government, we <are
hereby p l e a s e d to enact t h e fo l lowing
RULES.
1. The expression NTemple* occu r ing i n t h e s e r u l e s s h a l l
i n c l u d e not o n l y t h e Temple and s u b s h r i n e s b u t also mandapcms
and o t h e r b u i l d i n g s a s w e l l as t a n k s and w e l l s appur t enan t
to t h e temple.
2. The e x p r e s s i o n "Chief O f f i c e r of t h e Devaswomn
occuring i n these ru les sha l l mean t h e Officer i n charge
of t h e Devaswom. I t sha l l a l so include every o f f i c e r
superior to him and having jur i sd ic t ion when such superior
o f f i c e r exercises t h e powers of Chief Officer of the Devaswom.
3. In order t h a t t h e Customs and Usages obtaining i n t h e
several temple. under the control of His Highness t h e
Maharaja and The Government i n regard to t h e Poojas,
~ivedyams, vazhi Vadus, the Nithyanidhanam, Masavisesham,
Attavisesham, Ulsavam and other ordinary and special
ceremonies and r i t u a l s sha l l continue to be observed a8 here
t o fore, it sha l l be competent t o the Chief Officer of t he
DevaswMn to give, consistently w i t h t he objects of the
aforesaid proclamation, such directions as may be necessary
from time to time for regulating the t i m e of entry and
worship o r l imiting t h e number of those who may enter f o r
worship a t a time o r maintaining such special customs and
usages a s are applicable t o cer ta in individuals and - communities f o r speci f ic purposes.
4. The permission t o enter a temple sha l l not be
exercised ao as t o empower entrance i n t o t h e Srikoil ,
Tidappally (Kitchen) and other portions of t h e temple where
speci f ic r e s t r i c t l ons even now exist i n regard t o a l l
persons except those who a r e allowed t o use those portions
by custom.
5. ~ l l worshippers a r e bound t o conform to t h e
d i r e c t i o n s given by t h e Chief Officer of t h e Devaswan
i n regard t o t h e car ry ing o u t of t h e objects of t h e afore
s a i d proclamation and t h e Rules and i n regard to p l ace s
which have to be reserved f o r t h e t i m e being for t h e
proper conduct of t h e r i t u a l s i n t h e temple or observances
such a s t h e feeding of persons a s here to f o r e conducted.
6. The c l a s s e s of persons mentioned here under s h a l l
no t e n t e r wi th in t h e compound wal l s of a temple o r i t s
premises i n case there i s no compound walls-
a ) Persons who a r e no t Hindus:
b) Persons under po l l u t i on a r i s i n g o u t of b i r t h o r dea th
i n t h e i r families;
c) Women a t such times during which they a r e not, by
custom and usage allowed t o e n t e r temples:
d) drunken or d i so rde r ly persons;
el Persons su f fe r ing from any loathsome o r contagious
disease;
f ) Persons of unsound mind except when taken f o r worship
under proper con t ro l and with t h e sanc t ion of t h e Chief
O f f i c e r of t h e Devaswom concerned; and
g ) Profess ional beggars.
7. No person sha l l enter i n to any temple premises
unless he wears clean clothes of such materials and i n
such manner as may be customary. The decision of t h e
Chief Officer of The Dewaswom concerned sha l l prevai l
u n t i l s e t as ide by a higher authority. None sha l l be
allowed t o enter temple premises w i t h any foot wear, except
those who are allowed to do so by custom and usage obtaining
i n the temple.
8. No person shall , within t h e temple and premises,
sp i t . chew betel , tobacco o r any similar a r t i c l e o r tarrake
o r carry w i t h him any a r t i c l e f o r smoking, o r take with
him fish, eggs, meat,. f lesh, toddy, arrack o r other
intoxicants o r any other a r t i c l e o r animal inappropriate
according to custom and usage t o be introduced i n to t h e
temple.
9. No person sha l l enter the Belikkalpura, Valimpalam,
Nalambalcm, o r the Elamatil, which i n some temples takes
t h e place of a Nalampalm, w i t h any coat, s h i r t , vest or
such other garment, except women who may wear t h e i r usual
dress. No head dress sha l l be worn except by those who are
allowed t o do so by custom and usage obtaining i n the
temple. No one sha l l take therein any cloth-umbrella,
kerosene- l igh t , or o t h e r article i n a p p r o p r i a t e to be
i n t r o d u c e d i n t o such p l a c e s b y custom or usage. I n
temples where t h e above r e s t r i c t i o n s o b t a i n even i n
r e g a r d t o e n t e r i n g w i t h i n t h e compound wa l l s , t h e s a w
s h a l l be observed.
10. (1) N o one s h a l l e n t e r t h e p o r t i o n s of a temple
specified i n t h e l a s t p reced ing r u l e w i t h o u t having,
i n accordance w i t h custom and usage, ba thed , and w i t h o u t
t h e customary cas temark and wi thou t wearing c l e a n c l o t h e s
of such m a t e r i a l and i n such manner as may be customary
i n t h e temple concerned.
( 2 ) No one excep t a Hindu s h a l l e n t e r a t a n k
appur t enan t t o a temple: and e v e r y p e r s o n p e r m i t t e d to
e n t e r a t a n k s h a l l obey such d i r e c t i o n s as may be g i v e n
b y t h e Chief Of f i c e r of t h e Devaswwn concerned. The
d i r e c t i o n of t h e Chief officer of t h e Devaswom s h a l l
p r e v a i l u n t i l set aside by a h ighe r a u t h o r i t y ,
( 3 ) Tanks reserved for t h e e x c l u s i v e u s e of p a r t i c u l a r
f u n c t i o n a i r e s of t h e temple s h a l l c o n t i n u e to be so observed.
11. R e s t r i c t i o n s a s t o e n t r y and worship, which accord ing
t o usage and custom a p p l y t o a l l communities a l i k e , s h a l l
c o n t i n u e to apply.
12. N o one s h a l l i n t e r r u p t t h e worship i n a temple by
l o u d c o n v e r s a t i o n or o t h e r demons t ra t ion which would
d e r o g a t e from t h e so l emni ty and t h e p r o p e r atmosphere of
t h e temple.
13. It s h a l l n o t be l a w f u l t o any p e r s o n to use t h e
temple b u i l d i n g s and premises f o r pu rposes n o t connected
w i t h or a r i s i n g from t h e worship, usages and observances
of such temples.
14. No one s h a l l do any a c t which w u l d t e n d to d e r o g a t e
from t h e p u r i t y and t h e c l e a n l i n e s s of t h e temple and i ts
premises.
15. If any doubt a r i s e s i n regard t o t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y
of, or conformi ty to, any of t h e s e p r o v i s i o n s , t h e
d e c i s i o n of t h e Chief Officer of t h e Devaswan concerned
s h a l l p r e v a i l u n t i l set a s i d e by a h i g h e r a u t h o r i t y .
16. It s h a l l be l awfu l for t h e Chief Off icer of t h e
D e v a s m concerned t o direct t h a t any p e r s o n who con t r avenes
or is s u s p e c t e d or b e l i e v e d b y t h e Chief Officer of t h e
Devaswom to have cont ravened any of t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h e s e
r u l e s , or d i sobeys any l a w f u l d i r e c t i o n given by him, sha l l
remove himself from t h e temple, and i n c a s e such person
does n o t so remove h imse l f , t o cause him to be removed
from t h e temple. In case he resists such removal, o r
i n case when asked t o give h i s name and address, he
refuses t o do so or gives information which is not
believed t o be t rue he sha l l be l i ab l e t o be arrested and
removed by any Police off icer , not below t h e rank of a
Head Constable and t o be dea l t w i t h a s i f he had been
arrested under section 38 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure.
17. I f any person contravenes any of the provisions of
these rules, or disobeys any direction lawfully given i n
pursuance thereof, and there by renders necessary any
purif icatory ceremonies, according to t h e customs and
usages of t h e temple, such person sha l l be l i a b l e to pay
the cost of t h e necessary purificatory ceremonies a t t h e
approved ra tes and the scme sha l l be recoverable from him
a s arrears of public or land revenue or otherwise.
A person t h u s contravening or disobeying shal l , besides
being subject t o any penalty t o which he may be l i ab l e
under any other law, be a lso punishable on conviction by
a Magistrate with imprisonment of e i ther description for a
term which may extend t o three months o r w i t h f ine o r with
both.
18. No prosecution under these rules sha l l be except on
a complaint by a Gazetted Officer having jur isdict ion i n
respect of the temple.
19. No action sha l l l i e against any Devaswwn Officer
o r other public servant who bonafide does any a c t i n
pursuance of these rules, and no action i n a Criminal
Court sha l l l ie without Sanction of Government.
20. I n case of any doubt or dispute regarding the
in terpre ta t ion or the carrying out of any provisions of
these rules. the decision of t h e Dewan there on sha l l be
f ina l .
21. I n cases of emergencies and unforeseen d i f f i c u l t i e s
t h a t may a r i s e i n carrying out the provisions and objects
of the aforesaid proelmation o r of these rules, t h e
Dewan sha l l be competent to pass such orders a s he may
deem f i t .
SIGN MANUAL
Source: The Travancore Govt. Gazette.
Vol.mIV. No.15, dated November 24, 1936, pp.335-337
APPENDIX NO. 5
MADRAS ACT NO: XX OF 1938
(The Malabar Temple E n t r y A c t , 1938)
Received t h e a s s e n t o f t h e Governor on t h e 1 8 t h January 1939,
F i r s t p u b l i s h e d i n t h e F o r t S t . George G a z e t t e on t h e 7 t h
February 19 39.
An A c t to remove t h e d i s a b i l i t k s of c e r t a i n c l a s s e s of Hindus
i n r e g a r d t o e n t r y i n t o temples i n t h e district o f M~alabar.
WHEREAS t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s of c e r t a i n c l a s s e s o f Hindus
i n r e g a r d to e n t r y i n t o temples i n t h e d i s t r i c t of Malabar.
WHEREAS t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s imposed by custom and usage
o n c e r t a i n c l a s s e s o f Hindus i n r e s p e c t of t h e i r e n t r y i n t o ,
and o f f e r i n g worship i n , Hindu t emples . shou ld be removed,
AND WHEREAS, however, doub t s have been e n t e r t a i n e d
whether t h e t r u s t e e s of such temples have t h e power i n law
t o make any such i n n o v a t i o n i n p r a c t i c e ,
AND WHEREAS it is j u s t and exped ien t t h a t t h e s e doub t s
s h o u l d be removed nnd t h e t r u s t e e s shou ld be empowered b y
l aw t o ex tend to a l l c l a s s e s of Hindus t h e r i g h t of e n t r y
i n t o , and worship i n , temples i f t h e Hindus i n t h e l o c a l i t y
who a r e now e n t i t l e d t o such e n t r y a r e g e n e r a l l y i n f a v o u r
of such ex t ens ion ,
AND WHEREAS, fu r the r , such extension of r i g h t s and
p r i v i l e g e s i n Hindu temples t o c l a s s e s h i t h e r t o excluded
has been r e c e n t l y ordered and peacefu l ly brought i n t o e f f e c t
i n one p a r t of Kerala, and by reason of common t r a d i t i o n s
and i d e n t i t y of language, customs, forms of worship and t h e
l i k e t h e removal of t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s a fo resn id has been no t
on ly more i n s i s t e n t l y demanded, b u t a l s o made more easy of
accomplishment i n t h e f i r s t ins tance , i n another p a r t of
Kerala,
It is hereby enacted a s follows:-
(1) T h i s A c t may be c a l l e d t h e Malabar
Shor t t i t l e Temple Entry Act, 1938
and ex ten t (2) It extends t o t h e whole o f t h e
D i s t r i c t of Malabar.
Def in i t ions
Madras A c t I1
of 1927
I n t h i s A c t , un less t h e r e is anything
repugnant i n t h e s u b j e c t o r con tex t - (1) 'Board' means t h e Board of
Commissioners c o n s t i t u t e d under
s e c t i o n 10 of t h e Madras Hindu Rel ig ions
Endowments A c t , 1926, o r any o t h e r
a u t h o r i t y i n which t h e powers and
func t ions of t h e s a i d Board i n r e s p e c t
of a temple may f o r t h e t i m e being
be vested;
( 2 ) 'excluded c l a s s ' means any c a s t e o r c l a s s o f
t h e Hindu community which, by reason of any e s t ab l i shed
usage o r custom, i s excluded from enter ing t h e temple
concerned, or which, though admitted i n t o t h e p r ec inc t s of
t h e temple, i s not allowed e n t r y i n t o any p a r t of t h e
temple where t h e bulk of t h e worshippers a r e allowed.
( 3 ) 'Prescribed ' means prescr ibed by r u l e s made
under s ec t i on 9:
( 4 ) 'Temple' means a place, by whatever des ignat ion
known, w h i c h i s used a s a p lace of pub l i c
worship by t h e Hindu community genera l ly except
excluded c l a s s e s and which was a t any t i m e
Madras assessed t o con t r ibu t ion under s e c t i o n 69 of t h e
A c t 1927 Madras Hindu Rel ig ious Endowments A c t , 1926, on
an annual income of not less than Rs.5,000: and
i n any context w i t h r e fe rence t o en t ry s h a l l
mean every p a r t of t h e temple which i s bpen to
t h e bulk of t h e worshippers.
Provided t h a t any temple which has been before t h e
1st of Apri l 1938 declared by f i n a l decree o r order of a
competent cou r t to be p r i v a t e property o r accepted by t h e
Board t o be p r i v a t e property s h a l l not be a temple f o r t h e
ppurposes of this A c t :
Provided f u r t h e r t h a t any temple i n r e s p e c t of which
a q u e s t i o n a s t o whether it i s p r i v a t e p r o p e r t y has been
a l r e a d y r a i s e d i n a s u i t i n a c o u r t o f l a w o r i n an a p p l i c a t i o n
b e f o r e t h e Board r e g i s t e r e d b e f o r e t h e 1st o f A p r i l 1938, t h e
temple s h a l l n o t be deemed t o be a temple f o r t h e purposes
o f t h i s A c t u n t i l t h e f i n a l d e c i s i o n i n such a proceeding,
and t h e r e a f t e r , it s h a l l n o t be, or s h a l l be, a temple f o r t h e
s a i d purposes accord ing a s t h e f i n a l d e c i s i o n d e c l a r e s o r
a c c e p t s t h e temple to be p r i v a t e p r o p e r t y o r not:
( 5 ) ' t rustee ' means a pe r son by whatever d e s i g n a t i o n
known, i n whom t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f a temple i s ves ted ,
whether i n a h e r e d i t a r y c a p a c i t y o r not:
(6) 'Voters' means t h e Hindu Voters, o t h e r t h a n t h o s e
belonging t o excluded c l a s s e s , on t h e e l e c t o r a l r o l l of t h e
Madras L e g i s l a t i v e Assembly f o r t h e t i m e be ing i n force r e l a -
t i n g t o t h e g e n e r a l c o n s t i t u e n c y of t h e revenue t a l u k i n
which t h e temple is s i t u a t e d includinr l t h e m i n i c i p a l a r e a s
t h e r e i n , who a r e i n c l u d e d i n a list p repa red under t h e r u l e s
made under s e c t i o n 9: and
(7 ) 'Worship' means such r e l i g i o u s service a s t h e b u l k
o f t h e worsh ippers p a r t i c i p a t e i n , i n accordance w i t h t h e
p r o v i s i o n s o f such r e g u l a t i o n s a s may be made by t h e t r u s t e e s
f o r t h e maintenance of o r d e r and c l e a n l i n e s s and t h e due
observance of t h e r e l i g i o u s r i t e s and ceremonies performed
i n t h e temple.
3(1) On r e c e i p t by t h e t r u s t e e s o f a temple
o f a r e q u i s i t i o n i n w r i t i n g s i g n e d by n o t
less t h a n f i f t y wters r e q u e s t i n g them t o
Requisition throw open t h e temple to p e r s o n s belonging
to trustees t o excluded c l a s s e s , t h e t r u s t e e s s h a l l
t o throw forward ttre r e q u i s i t i o n t o t h e P r o v i n c i a l
Open tenples Government and t h e P r o v i n c i a l Government s h a l l
thereupon d i r e c t t h e t r u s t e e s t o refer t h e
c l a s s e s m a t t e r t o t h e v o t e r s and a s c e r t a i n t h e i r
o p i n i o n by v o t e s t a k e n by t h e p r e s c r i b e d method:
Provided t h a t i f t h e P r o v i n c i a l Government a r e of
o p i n i o n t h a t t h e r e q u i s i t i o n i s n o t made f o r t h e f u r t h e r a n c e
o f t h e o b j e c t s of t h i s A c t , t h e y may direct t h a t no a c t i o n
be t aken thereon.
( 2 ) Where on such r e f e r e n c e t h e r e s u l t i s found by a
m a j o r i t y o f t h e v o t e s to be i n favour o f throwing t h e temple
open to p e r s o n s belonging t o excluded c l a s s e s , t h e t r u s t e e s
s h a l l p u b l i s h i n t h e p r e s c r i b e d manner an order t o t h e effect
t h a t t h e temple s h a l l t h e r e a f t e r be open t o p e r s o n s be longing
t o excluded c l a s s e s .
4. (1) Not withstanding any law, custom o r
usage to t h e cont rary , it s h a l l be open to t h e
t r u s t e e s of a temple to publ ish i n t h e . prescr ibed manner a no t i ce t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t
Of they propose t o make an o rder throwing t h e temple trustees open t o persons belonging to excluded c lasses .
to Such no t ice s h a l l a l s o s t a t e t h a t objec t ions t o
notice Of t h e proposal may be p re f e r r ed t o t h e trustees pro?0sa1 a t any time wi th in one month from t h e da t e of t h e
throw pub l ica t ion of t h e notice.
open
temples t o ( 2 ) If wi th in one month from t h e d a t e of t h e
excluded pub l ica t ion of t h e no t i ce r e f e r r e d t o i n sub-
c lasses . s e c t i o n (1) Writ ten ob jec t ions t o t h e proposal
a r e p r e f e r r ed by no t less than f i f t y voters , t h e
same s h a l l be forwarded t o t h e P rov inc ia l
Government, and t h e r e a f t e r , on a d i r e c t i o n from them, t h e
ques t ion w h e t h e r t h e temple s h a l l o r s h a l l no t be thkown
open t o persons belonging t o exclcded c l a s s e s s h a l l be r e f e r r e d
f o r t h e opinion of t h e vo t e r s a s i f a r e q u i s i t i o n had been
received under sub-section (1) of Sect ion 3.
3. If i n any case where ac t i on under sub-section (1)
is taken by t h e t r u s t e e s , no ob jec t ion a s s p e c i f i e d i n
sub-section ( 2 ) is pre fe r red , o r i f on a re fe rence made under
sub-section ( 2 1 , t h e r e s u l t i s found t o be i n favour o f
throwing t h e temple open t o persons belonging to excluded
c l a s se s , t h e trustees s h a l l publ ish i n t h e p resc r ibed
manner an o rde r t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t t h e temple s h a l l t h e r e a f t e r
be open t o persons belonging t o excluded c lasses .
5. The Provincia l Government may, a t any t h e ,
be fore t h e resul ts of any re fe rence to t h e v o t e r s a r e
announced, o rder t h a t a l l f u r t h e r ac t ion i n r e spec t of such
r e f e r ence s h a l l be suspended and upon s u c h o rde r a l l previous
proceedings r e l a t i n g there t o s h a l l be deemed t o have been
cancel led.
Power of
t r u s t e e s t o
throw open
temples t o
excluded
c l a s s e s
without
re fe rence t o
vo t e r s i n
c e r t a i n cases.
6. Where on a re fe rence made to t h e vo t e r s
under sub-section (1) of s ec t i on 3 o r sub-
s ec t i on (2 ) of s ec t i on 4 t h e r e s u l t i s found
t o be i n favour of throwing a temple open t o
persons belonging t o excluded c lasses , t h e
t r u s t e e s of any o the r temple s i t u a t e d ' i n t h e
scme revenue ta luk , wi th in two years from
t h e da te of such reference, may of t h e i r own
motion and s h a l l on r e c e i p t of a r e q u i s i t i o n
i n w r i t i n g signed by not less than f i f t y
vo te r s , publ ish i n t h e p resc r ibed manner an
o rder t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t t h e temple s h a l l be
open t o persons belonging t o excluded c lasses .
7. Where an order has been p u b l i s h e d under
E f f e c t o f sub-sec t ion (2) of s e c t i o n 3, on sub-sec t ion
o r d e r under ( 3 ) of s e c t i o n 4, o r s e c t i o n 6 , it s h a l l be
s e c t i o n lawful , n o t w i th s t and ing any custom o r usage
3 ( 2 ) , 4 (3) t o t h e c o n t r a r y , f o r any person belonging t o
o r 6. excluded c l a s s e s t o e n t e r t h e temple concerned
and p a r t i c i p a t e i n worship t h e r e i n .
8. Where on a r e f e r e n c e made t o t h e voters
under sub-sec t ion (1) o f s e c t i o n 3 or sub-
s e c t i o n (2) of s e c t i o n 4, t h e r e s u l t is found
F resh t o be a g a i n s t throwing t h e temple open t o
p roceed ings pe r sons b c l o r ~ g i n g to excluded c l a s s e s , no
n o t t o be f u r t h e r p roceedings s h a l l be t a k e n e i t h e r under
t a k e n i n su5 - sec t ion (1 ) o f s e c t i o n 3 o r under sub-
c e r t a i n s e c t i o n ( 1 ) o f s e c t i o n 4 f o r a p e r i o d of t w o
c a s e s . y e a r s from t h e d a t e of such r e f e r e n c e i n r e s p e c t
o f such temple o r any o t h e r temple i n t h e same
revenue t a luk .
Rules
9 . (1 ) The P r o v i n c i a l Government may make r u l e s
f o r t h e purposes o f c a r r y i n g i n t o effect t h e
p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s A c t .
( 2 ) Without p r e j u d i c e t o t h e g e n e r a l i t y of
the foregoing power t h e P r o v i n c i a l Government
may make r u l e s -
( a ) W i t h r e f e r e n c e t o all m a t t e r s al lowed t o be p r e s c r i b e d
by t h i s A c t :
(b) A s t o t h e form and p r e s e n t a t i o n of t h e r e q u i s i t i o n s and
o b j e c t i o n s r e f e r r e d t o i n sub-sect ion (1) of S e c t i o n 3,
s e c t i o n 4 and s e c t i o n 6:
(c) a s to t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f orders and n o t i c e s by t r u s t e e s ;
(d l a s to t h e me thod by which t h e op in ion o f t h e v o t e r s s h a l l
be a s c e r t a i n e d :
( e ) a s to t h e p r e p a r a t i o n and p u b l i c a t i o n o f l is ts o f v o t e r s ,
and t h e d e c i s i o n of a l l d i s p u t e s which may a r i s e i n , connec t ion t h e r e with: and
(£1 a s t o t h e d e c i s i o n o f a l l d i s p u t e s which may a r i s e i n
respect o f r e q u i s i t i o n s and o b j e c t i o n s from v o t e r s under
s e c t i o n s 3, 4 and 6 o r i n respect o f r e f e r e n c e s to voters
under s e c t i o n s 3 and 4 and t h e a sce r t a inmen t and p u b l i c a t i o n
o f t h e r e s u l t s o f such r e f e r e n c e s .
( 3 ) A l l r u l e s made under t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l be p u b l i s h e d i n
t h e O f f i c i a l g a z e t t e and on such p u b l i c a t i o n s h a l l have
effect a s i f enac t ed i n t h i s A c t .
(10) I f any d i f f i c u l t y a r i s e s i n g i v i n g e f f e c t to t h e p r o v i s i o n s
o f t h i s A c t t h e p r o v i n c i a l Government,
Power t o a s occas ion r e q u i r e s , may order t h e
remove doing o f anything necessary f o r t h e
d i f f i c u l t i e s . purpose of removing t h e d i f f i c u l t y .
11. (1) I f any quest ion a r i s e s a s t o whether a p l ace is or
i s not a temple a s defined i n t h i s
A c t t h e quest ion s h a l l be r e f e r r e d
f o r the dec i s ion of t h e P rov inc ia l
Government and t h i s dec is ion s h a l l be
f i na l .
Power t o
decide
disputes .
( 2 ) T h e Provincia l Government s h a l l have power to exempt
from t h e provis ions of t h i s A c t such i n s t i t u t i o n s as, i n
t h e i r opinion, a r e i n t h e nature of family temples and
may be exempted without p re jud ice t o t h e ob j ec t s of t h i s
A c t .
12 . I n Sect ion 40 of t h e Madras Hindu Rel ig ious Endowments
A c t , 1926, t h e words and f i g u r e s
Amendment
of s ec t i on
40, Madras
A c t I1 of 1927.
"Subject to t h e p rov i s ions of t h e
Mnlabar Temple Entry A c t , 1938", s h a l l
be i n s e r t e d a t t h e Commencement.
Source: The Madras Code, Vol.IV, S ix th Ed. (Govt. Press, Madras, 1941) Pp.595 t o 599.
.'.€I CI:CI;C !JU. 6
IL'iD!?I.S ACT PJO: Y3II of 1q39
(9h.e Madras Tenlple E n t r y A u t h o r i s a t i o n
and Inrlernnity iict, 1939)
(Recieved t h e a s s e n t of t h e Governor - General on t h e 4 t h
September 1939, f i rs t publ i shed i n F o r t S t . George G a z e t t e on
t h e 1 1 t h September 1939).
An A c t to a u t h o r i s e and indemni ty trustees, o f f i c e r s and
o t h e r persons i n r e s p e c t of e n t r y i n t o and o f f e r o f worship i n
Hindu temples by c e r t a i n c l a s s e s o f Hindus who by custom or
usage a r e excluded from such e n t r y and worship.
WHJ3REAS t h e r e has been a grawing volume o f P u b l i c
Opinion demanding t h e removal of t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s imposed
by custom and usage on c e r t a i n c l a s s e s of Hindus i n r e s p e c t
o f t h e i r e n t r y i n t o and o f f e r i n g worship i n Hindu Temples;
AND WHEREAS it is j u s t and d e s i r a b l e t o a u t t l o r i s e t h e
t r u s t e e s o r o t h e r a u t h o r i t i e s i n c h a r g e of such temples t o
throw t h e m open t o , and permit , p e r s o n s be longing to t h e
s a i d c l a s s e s t o e n t e r i n t o and o f f e r worship i n such temples,
and t h a t no pe r son should s u f f e r any c i v i l o r c r i m i n a l p e n a l t y
o r d i s advan tage by r ea son o f a n y t h i n g Bone i n connec t ion w i t h
such e n t r y and worship;
AKD ;D\WEREAS a s i t u a t i o n has a r i s e n i n t h e c i t y o f Madura
and elsewhere i n the Province o f Madras i n which it has become
neces sa ry to idemnify artd o f f i c e r s of Government, t r u s t e e s .
P r i e s t s i n d e m n i f ~ and o t h e r pe r sons in . r e s p e c t o f a c t s done, . s t e p s taken on a l l e g e d f a i l u r e o f d u t y on tile 8 t h day of
J u l y 1939 and t h e r e a f t e r t h e n a t u r e a f o r e s a i d ;
mhor t I t i s hereby enac t ed a s follows:- t i t l e 1. and (1) Thi s A c t may be c a l l e d t h e Madras Temple e x t e n t
E n t r y A u t h o r i s a t i o n and Indemnity A c t , 1939,
( 2 ) I t ex tends t o t h e Whole of t h e Frovince of
Madras..
I ndemni f i ca t ion No o f f i c e r of Government, no e x e c u t i v e of &f Eicers 2. and o t h e r a u t h o r i t y , o f f i c e r o r s e r v a n t o f any ~ o c a l p e r s o n s f o r c e r t a i n a c t s . Board o r Munic ipa l i ty , no t r u s t e e . o f f i c e r etc.
o r o t h e r a u t h o r i t y c o n s t i t u t e d or a c t i n g under
t h e Madras Hindu R e l i g i o u s Endowments A c t , 1926
o r any o t h e r law, no p r i e s t o r pe r son o f f i c i a t i n g
a s such and no pe r son e n t e r i n g o r o f f e r i n g worsh ip
o r o r a c t i n g under t h e a u t h o r i t y of
of such o f f i c e r , servant,
a u t h o r i t y , t r u s t e e , p r i e s t o r pe r son o f f i c i a t i n g
shall be prosecu ted , sued o r o t h e r w i s e proceeded
a g a i n s t i n f e s p e c t o f any a c t done or s t e p t a k e n
o r any a l l e q ~ l l f a i l u r ~ of Guty on t h e 8 t h day
of j u l y 1939 or on a n y s u h s e q u e n t d a t e u p t o
t h e commencement o f t h i s A c t , i n f u r t h e r a n c e
o f , o r i n c o n n e x t i o n Wi th t h e e n t r y i n t o and
o f f e r o f w o r s h i p i n t h e Sr i . Meenakshi
Sundareswarar . tr,mnple i n t h e c i t y o f Madura
o r a n y o t h e r Hindu temple i n t h e p r o v i n c e of
Nadras by a n y p e r s o n b e l o n g i n g t o c l a s s e s o f
Hindus h i t h e r t o exc lude i l by c u s t o m o r u s a g e
f rom s u c h e n t r y o r worship ;
a v l a13 o f f i c e r s , ~ e r v a n t s , i ' u t h o r i t i e s
t r u s t e e s , F r i e s t s and o t h e r p e r s o n s a f o r e s a i d
a r e l ie reby i n d e m n i f i e i l and d i s c h a r g e d f rom
a l l - 1 i a b i l i l ; y i n r ~ s p e c t o f a l l s u c h acts,
s t e p s arid a l l e g e d f a i l u r e o f d u t y .
3. I f i n t h ~ o p i n i o n o f t h e t r u s t e e or
Throwing n t l w r a r l t l ~ o r i t y i n c l i a rqe of a n y Hindu open, o f t e m p l e s i n ten1pl.e i n t h e pr:@vince o f kladras t h e w o r s h i p e r s c e r i a i n . c i r c u r r ~ s t a n c c s nf eucli temple ?re g e n e r a l l y n o t opposed t o
tllc r r ~ m o v a l o f t h e d i s a b i l i t y i n p o s e d by
c~. ie tom or u s a g e cn c e r t a i n classes o f h'indus
i n r e g a r d t o e n t r y i n t o o r o f f e r o f w o r s h i p
i n s u c h t ~ n p l o , s u c h a t r u s t e e or o t h e r
du th0r i t . y nny w i t h t h e a p p r o v a l o f t h e p r o v i n c i a l
Government anrl n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g a n y t h i n g
c o n t a i n e d i n t h e Fla(1rss Hindu R e l i g i o u s
Endowment. A c t , 1926, o r any otherlaw,throw open the tauple t o such slasses and there a f t e r persons belonging t o mash c laases shall have the r i g h t to e n t e r i n t o and offer worship i n mah taplet
Provided t h a t i n t h e ease of tho temples '
specified i n t h e shedule to t h i s A c t and, o ther Hindu t a a p l w i n t h e province whieh have been thrown open to t h e classes a f o r r s a i d before the aomenccmmrtof t h i s A c t , such epproval shall not ba r a q P i r d and t h e said teaplea sh.llba deemed to have thrown open to t h e e lasses a fo re r a id under t h e pror is iona of thls section.
Bxplanatioa8- If more persons than o w a r e tha trustmor or c o n r t i t u t e t h e other au thor i ty i n charqa of tho temple, a majori ty of them @ h a l l be e n t l t l e d t o decide and a c t i n terms of t h i s section.
4. uo p e n o n who en te r s o r offers worship i n any temple thrown open o r deemed to be thtown open under the provioions of sect ion 3 s h a l l by reanon onby of such ent ry or worship b. deemed to have ~onra i t t sd a* actionable wrong or offence o r be sued o r prosectltQQ therefore.
5. loo s u i t f o r dampes, injunction on declarat ion o r f o t any other relief, no promecution f o r any offence, and no appl icat ion o r other procwbing under the Madras Hindu Religiou8 Endowments A c t , 1926, or any other law s h a l l be i n s t i t u t e d i n respect of ontry into. or worship i n any tample thrown open or deeaed to have been thtown open under section3, on the ground t h a t such e n t r y o r worship is against t h a usage o r custom whieh excludes c e r t a i n cla8aes
of Hindus from such ent ry o r worshipt and no
s u i t o r other procaebing sM11 ba i n s t i t u t e d
i n respect of such enhry o r worship on t h e
ground t h a t there has been any l r r e g u l a r l t y
o r f a i l u r e i n complying w i t h the provisions of
sect ion 3, without the previous sanction of
the provincial Governmoot. #o su i t .
prosecution, eppl icat ion o r proceebing of
t h e nature aforesaid i n s t i t u t e 3 before tha
Cormnencemant of t h i s A c t aha l l be coatlnued
there a f t e r without the sanction of the
provincial Government.
6. I n sect ion 40 of the Madras Hindu Religious
Endowments A c t , 1926, after t h e words and
figures "sulject t o the provisions of tho
Malabar Temple Entry A c t , 1938" t h e words
and f igures "and t h e Madras Tenrple Entry
Authorisation and fndemnity A c t , 1939" 8h.11
SCHEDULE . ( see ~ r o v i s o c t i o n 31
Sri . Meenakshi'Sundareswarar temple, Madras.
Sri . mdala lagar temple, Madurai.
Sri . Sundararajaperurnal temple. Valayapatti, Meluer, Meluer
taluk. Hadura d i s t r i c t .
Sri. Kalamegaperurnal temple, Tirumohur, Madura taluk, Madura
d i s t r i c t .
Sri . Brahadeeswarar temple, Tanjore.
S r i . Tirukuttualanathaswami temple, Courtallam, Tenkasi
Taluk, Tinnevelly d i s t r i c t .
Sr i . K a s i Visvanathaswami temple, Tenkasi, Tenkasi taluk,
Tinnevelly d i s t r i c t .
Source: Government of Madras - Legal Department, The Madras Code,
VOL. U& s i x t h ad., Government press, Madras,, 1941) pp-136-
38..
R
APPENDIX-No.7
MADRAS HINDU TEMPLE ENTRY EISABILITIES REMOVAL ACT,1938 .......................................................
Where a s it 3 s i n c r e a s i n g l y f e l t by t h e Hindu community
t h a t t h e d j s a b i l i t i e s imposed by custom and usage on c e r t a i n
c l a s s e s o f Hindus i n r e s p e c t of e n t r y i n t o t h e i r temples should
be removed;
AND 'IJHEREAS doub t s h3ve been e n t e r t a i n e d whether t r u s t e e s i
and o t h e r s i n charge o f management ef such tem:lles have power
t o make any innova t ion c o n t r a r y t o t h e e s t a b l i s h e d custom o r
usage c f t h e temples;
AND WEREAS it i s e5tpedient t h a t t h e l a w a s admin i s t e r ed
by t h e c o u r t s should no l o n q e r p r e v e n t a t r u s t e e from al lo*ing
t o any c l a s s o f Hindus, who mioht h ~ v e been exclvded from a ,
temple under h i s m a n a g e ~ e n t , e n t r y i n t o such temple, i f t h e
Hindu Community i n t h e l o c a l i t y js g e n e r a l l y minded t o a l l o w
such entry:
S h o r t (1) f t is hereby enac t ed a s follows:- t i t l e and (1) T h i s A c t may be c a l l e d t h e Madras Hindu e x t e n t
Temple E n t r y D i s a b i l i t i e s Removal A c t , 1938.
( 2 ) It ex tends t o t h e whole of t h e provi.nce
of Madras.
2 I n t h i s A c t , u n l e s s t h e r e is any th ing repugnant
i n t h e s u b j e c t o r con tex t -
(1) 'Board' means t h e Board of Commissioners
C o n s t i t u t e d under s e c t i o n 10 o f t h e Madras
( 2 ) Excluded C a s t e means any c a s t e o r c l a s s o f
t h e Hindu Conanunity e x c l u d e d by r e a s o n o f
e s t a b l l s h e d u s a g e of c u s t o v frnm e n t e r i n g
a temple;
( 3 ) 'Temple' means ? p l a c e , b y wha t ever
d e s i g a n a t i o n known, u s e d a s a r i g h t , as a
p l a c e of p u b l i c w o r s h i p by t h e Hindu
Community g e n e r a l l y e x c e p t t h e e x c l u d e d
c a s t e s ;
( 4 ) ' T r u s t e e ' mPans a p e r s o n by w h a t e v e r
d e s i g n a t t o n known, i n who t h e s d m i n i s t r a t i n n
o f a t e m p l e i s v e s t e d :
(5) ' V o t e r s ' meant - ( a ) When u s e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a t e m p l e
h a v j n g an a n n i ~ a l income of ~s.500/- and
above , t h e Hindu v o t e r s i n t h e electoral
rol l nf t h e C o r p o r a t i o n of t h e Ciky o f
Madras o r i n t h e l e c t o r a l r o l l of a
Munic ipa l l t y , o r a ' D i s t r i c t Board or a
P a n c h a y a t or a V i l l a g e P a n c h a y a t Board,
or a n y o t h e r s i m i l a r l o c a l a u t h o r i t y ,
c o n s t i t u t e d u n d e r t h e Madras L o c a l Boards
A c t , 1920 , w i t h i n t h e a r e a of w h l ch I t
i s s i t u a t e d and,
(b) When used i n c o n n e c t j o n w i t h a temple
h a v i n g an a n n u a l income of less t h a n
Rs.500/-, Tthe Hindu Voters i n t h e electoral
r o l l of t h e F,lunicipal d i v i s i o n i n t h e
c i t y cr t h e Municipal wafd i n t h e Municiapl
a r e a i n t h e mvfassal o r t h e panchaya t
a r e a w i t h i n which j t is s i t u a t e d .
En t ry o f excluded 3 ( 1 ) A f t e r t h e commencement o f t h i s A c t , c a s t e s i n t o temples t o h e decided by a w r i t t e n r e q u i s i t i o n s igned b y n o t r e f e r e n c e t o t h e g e n e r a l body o f less than f i f t y v o t e r s may be made vo te r s .
t o tho trlrstee of a temple a s k l n g
him t h a t t h e q u e s t i o n -f throwlng
open t h e temple t o any excluded c a s t e
may b e r e f e r r e d f o r d e c i s i o n t o t h e
gene ra l body o f voers.
(21 Upon such r e q u i s i t j o n , t h e t r u s t e e
s h a l l f o r t h w i t h r e f e r t h e q u e s t i o n
t o t h e v o t e r s f . - r d e c j s i o n i.n t h e
manner p re sc r ibed .
( 3 ) The d e c i s i o n of a m a j o r i t y o f t h e
v o t e r s who have r eco rded t h e i r o p i n i o n s
s h a l l be b i n d i n g on t h ? t r u s t e e s o f
t h e temple andon a l l worshippers
t h e r e i n .
( 4 ) 'here t h e d e c i s i o n is i n f a v o u r o f
allowTng t h e e n t r y of any exeluded
c a s t e i n t o the temple, The T r u s t e e s
s h a l l pub1 i c an o r d e r i n t h e manner
p r e s c r i b e d t h a t t h e excluded c a s t e h h a l l
have a r i g h t of e n t r y j n t o such temple.
E n t r y of 4. ( I ) Not w l t h s t a n d i n g any low, custom o r excluded c a s t e s i n t o usage t o t h e con t r a ry , I t s h a l l be open temples by n o t j ce by t o a t r u s t e e nf any Hindu temple himself t r u s t e e .
t o p u b l i s h i n t h e p r e s c r i b e d manner a
n o t i c e t h a t u n l e s s an ob , jec t ion i s
lodged w i t h him w i t h i n a p e r i o d o f one
month from t h e d a t e pf p u b l i c a t i o n
o f t h e n o t i c e , he w i l l make en o r d e r
allow'ng an excluded c a s t e , r n e n t i o ~ d
by him i n t h e n o t i c e , t o e n t e r I n t o
such temple.
( 2 ) Within one mcnth a f t e r t h e p u b l i c a t i o n
o f such n o t i c e by a t r u s t e e , a w r i t t e n
o b j e c t i o n s i g n e d by n n t less on f i f t y
vokbrs may b e lodged w i t h t h e t r u s t e e ,
o b j e c t i n g t o suchentry . Upon t h e . l o d i r g o f such o b j e c t i o n , t h e q u e s t i o n
whether t h e excluded caste concerned
s h a l l o r s h a l l n o t b e a l lowed e n t r y
i n t o t h e temple s h a l l be r e f e r r e d t o
v o t e r s under sub-sec t ion ( 2 ) o f
S e c t i o n 3 as i f a r e q u i s j t i o n had been
made under sub-sec t ion (1) of t h a t
s e c t i o n .
- E n t r y o f excluded c a s t e s i n t o temples t o be l awfu l a f t e r p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e o r d e r
( 3 ) The d e c i s i o n of t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e
v o t e r s r eco rd ing t h o i r op in ions s h a l l
b e b ind ing on t h e t r u s t e e and t h e ,
worshippers o f t h e temple.
( 4 ) ?here an o b j e c t i o n h a s been lodged
under sub-sec t i on ( 2 ) and t h e d e c i d i o n
vf t h e m a j o r i t y of t h e v o t e r s r eco rd ing
t h e i r o p i n i o n s i s i n f avour o f a l l owing
t h e n e t r y of t h e excluded c a s t e , i n t o
t h e temple, o r where no o b j e c t i o n is
r a i s e d a f t e r t h e e x p i r y of t h e p e r i o d
mentiorwd i n t h e n o t i c e under sub-seckion
(11, t h e t r u s t e e s h a l l pub1 ic an o r d e r
i n t h e manner p r e s c r i b e d t h a t t h e
excluded c a s t e s h a l l have a r i g h t o f
e n t r y t n t o t h e temple.
(5 ) On t h e P u b l i c a t i o n i n t h e p r e s c r i b e d
manner o f an o r d e r b y t h e ~ r u s t e e under
sub-sec t ion ( 4 ) o f S e c t i o n 3 o r sub-sect ion
( 4 ) of s e c t i o n 4 , it s h a l l be l awfu l
f o r any member o f theexcluded c a s t e
r e f e r r e d t o i n such o r d e r t o e n t e r
i n t o t h e temple f o r t h e purpose of
worship t h e r e i n , s u b j e c t t o such g e n e r a l
r e g u l a t i o v s f o r t h e maintenance of o r d e r
and c l ~ a n l j n e s s and t h c due observance
Fresh not ice t o vo t e r s no t t o be mode before t he expiry of one year.
Amendment of sec t ion 40, Madras A c t I1 of 1927.
of the r e l i g i o u s ceremonil-s i n t h e temple
a s Tay bo m-de i n t h a t behalf by t he
t r u s t ee s .
( 6 ) Vhere a re fe rence has been .made t o t he
vo t e r s under sub-section of s ec t i on 3
o r sub-section (2) of s ec t i on 4 and
t he major i ty of vo te r s who have voted
have decided a g a i n s t t he throwing open
ef a temple t o any excluded cas te , no
wr i t t en requ i s t ion under sec t ion 3
s h a l l be mzde nor a no t i ce un'er s ec t i cn
4 be published f o r a period of one year
from the d a t e on which such reference
was made.
(7) I n Sect ion 4 0 of t h e Madras Hindu Religious
Endowments A c t , 1926, t he words 'Subject
t o t he provis ions of t he Madras Hindu
Temple En t r y D i s a b i l i t i e s ~emova i A c t ,
1938 " s h a l l be i n s e r t e d a t t h e commencementn.
(8) Power t o make Regulations:-
The Trus tees of a temple may, with t h e
previous approval of t he Board, make
r-gulations: - (1) f o r the maintenance of o rder and
cl e ~ n l j n e s s jn the temple; and
( 2 ) f o r t h e due observance o f t h e customary
re1 j g inus ceremonies i n t h e temple.
(9) Poxler t o makp rules : -
(1) The P r o v i n c i a l Governmpnt s h a l l have
power t o make r u l e s f n r t h e purpose o f
c a r r y i n g i n t o e f f e c t t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f
t h j s A c t .
( 2 ) !i&thout p r e j u d i c e t o t h e g e n e r a l i t y
o f t h e fo rego ing power, t h e p r o v i s i o n a l
Government s h a l l have power t o make rules
p r e s c r j bing: - (a) The form o f t h e r e q u i s i t i o n by t h e
v o t e r s f r r a referendum, and t h e manner
o f i t s p r e s e n t a t i o n t o t h e t r u s t e e ;
(b) t h e mannor o f p u b l i c a t i o n o f n o t i c e s
and o r d e r s o f t h e t r u s t e e s :
(c) t h ~ methods of o b t a i n i n g t h e op in ions
of t h e v o t e r s : and
( d ) t h e d e c i s i o n o f d i s p u t e s r ega rd ing
t h e a s c e r t a i n m e n t o f such op in ions .
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS
The Custom o f SegreQat ion of c ~ r t s j n c l a s s e s o f t h e Hindu
Community a s un touchable and t h e s o c i a l d i s a b i l i t i e s t h e y s u f f e r
f r c m have been t h e s l ~ b j p c t o f u n i v e r s a l condemnation. There has
been cont inuous a g i t a t i o n on t h e p a r t o f l o a d e r s of t h e s e c l a s s e s
a s w e l l on t h e p a r t o f r e f e r e n c e among c a s t e Hindu .
To break t h e custom and remove t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s . Recent
e v e n t s have brought t h i s a q i t a t j o n t o a head and t h e r e is a t
p r e s e n t a g r e a t wave of Dk f e e l i r q th roughout I n d i a f o r t h e
removal of d i s a b i l j t i e s nf t h e s e "depressed c l a s s e s " as t h e y
have commonly have been c a l l e d P u b l i c a g i t a t j o n i s s p e c i a l l y
focussed on t h e e x c l u s i o n gf t h e s e c l a s s e s from e n t r y i n t o t h e
o r d i n a r y Hindu temples Blong wl t h c a s t e Hindus. P u b l i c Hindu
temples be ing p l a c e s o f more o r less f r e e and equa l a s s o c i a t i o n
of a l l s e c t i o n s and denominations of c a s t e Hi-ndus i n t h e worship
o f t h e i r common Gods, i t i s f e l t t h a t t h e s e "Depressed c l a s s e s "
should a l s o be g iven t h e r i ~ t i t of e n t r y i n t o t h e s e temples f o r
durposes o f orsh ship. I n sai te o f g r e a t advance i n P u b l i c I
opl.nion e s t a b l i s h e d usagas i s en fo rced a s l awto t h e p r e j u d i c e \ of t h e s e c l a s s e s , and no change on innova t ion is pe rmi t t ed . N o t
o n l y have c o u r t s t r e a t e d t h e e n t r y of members o f t h e s e classes
i n t o Hindu temples a s a d e f i l e m e n t t h e r e o f pun i shab le b y t h e
I n d i a n Pena l Code, b u t doubts have been f e l t a s t o t h e a u t h o r i t y
o f t r u s t e e s i n charge o f temples p e a c e f u l l y to p e r m i t such e n t r y
even lrhen t h e y f e e l t h a t P u b l i c Opinion among t h e worshippers
f avour s such e n t r y . I n t heop in ion o f many t r u s t e e s t h e Law o f
t h e land and s e c t i o n 40 o f t h e Madras Hindu R e l i g i o n s Endowment
A c t 11 of 1927 i n p a r t i c u l a r , s t a n d i n t h e way of any change.
It is , t h e r e f o r e , n e c e s s a r y t o e n a c t a law of a pe rmis s ive
c h a r a c t e r e n a b l i n g the removal of t h e law where local p u b l i c
op in ion fa -?ours such reform.
source: The F o r t St.Georqe G a z e t t e No.7 A p r i l 19, 1938
P a r t I V - proceedings o f Madras L e ~ i S l a t i - e (Government P r e s s , Madras).
A P P E N D W L N O . ~
MADRAS TEMPLE ENTRY AUTrIORISaTTON ACT, 1947.
f i ill t o a u t h o r i s e e n t r y i n t o Hindu temples i n t h e Province
o f Madras and t h e o f f e r o f worship t h e r e i n by c e r t a i n classes of
Hindus who by custom o r usage a r e excluded from such e n t r y and
worship.
IJHLCRFAS it i s t h e p o l i c y o f t h e p r o v i n c i a l Government
t o remove t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s imposed by custom o r usage on c e r t a i n
c l a s s e s o f Hindus a g a i n s t e n t r y i n t o Hindu temples i n t h e p rov ince
which a r e open t o t h e gene-a1 Hicdu p u b l i c )
Madras A c t X X I I o f 1939
AND 'WEREAS t h e p r o v i n c i a l Government
a r e s a t i s f i e d , from t h e r a p i d i t y w i t h
whjch, under p r e s s u r e cf Hindu p u b l i c
op in ion , a number of temnles have been
thrown open t o t h o s e c l a s s e s o f Hindus
i n r e c e n t months, under t h e p r b v i s i o n s
o f t h e Madras Temple En t ry A u t h o r i s a t i o n
and Indemnity A c t , 1939, t h a t t h e t i m e
h a s now a r r i v e d f o r throwing open to
such classes o f Hindus a l l temples
i n t h e p rov ince which a r e open t o t h e
g e n e r a l Hindu publ ic :
ANn ;n-r rRWAs t h e p r o v i n c i a l Government *
c o n s i d e r t h a t t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e
said Act are inadequate fo r the ea r ly
and complete implementation of the
policy of theprovincjal Government
aforesaid: I t i s hereby enacted as
Short t i t l e , 1. (1) T h i s Act may by called the Madras extent and comnen- cement. temple Entry Authorisation A c t , 1947.
(21 I t extends t o the whole of theprovince
of Madras.
(31 This section shal l come in to force a t
once: and the remalningprovisions of
t h i s Act sha l l comes in to force on
such date as the provincial Government
may, by not i f ica t ion i n theFort St.George
Gazette, appoint.
Definitions 2. I n t h i s ac t , unless there i s anything
repugnant i n the subject o r context-
(1) 'excluded class ' means any caste
o r c lass of the Hindu cornunity
whlch, by reason of any established
custom o r usage, i s excluded from
entering the temple concerned o r
offering worship there i n ;
Rjght of excluded c l a s se s t o enter and o f f e r worship i n temples
(2 ) ' templet Inearlei a place, by whatever
nemq known, which is dedicated to, , .
o r f p r .the pep&$ it of , orused a s . .. , . , . . . , .
k f ~ i g h t by, . . khe . Hindu Community
i n ginera!, . , eq a p lace of pub l ic
re l lg toyq yo~qF$p, an4 inc ludes . ., s u b s $ d i a ~ y shrines and yantapams
a t tacbed t a t such , . place,
( 3) 'worship, , . , . means , 611th r e l i g i o u s '. , -
s e r v i c e 'pa t he bulk of t h e , .
worsh*pp?fg may o f f e r , o r p a r t i c i p a t e . ,
i n , I n ecqo~dqnce .. w j t h such r u l e s . ~
, .
andregy l apioq8 a s - may be made ,'I , , .
under , . . t h l n s Act. I . ~
3. 1 Not w i t h s ~ ~ n d i p ~ ' . , , . nay taw, custom , . . .
or usgge . . $0 t h e 'contrary, perons
belonging t o $he excluded c l a s s e s " ,
shalt be enti t led t o e n t e r .any . ,. . . . . . . . . .
Hindu 'temple qnd o f f e r worship . , .
p
t he r e ln j p t h q same manner and to . .
t he ebme 'axtent .. : a s qindus i v
q p n e ~ a l y < . qnd .no membq of any
excluded ciaaa s h a l l , by ' r eason only .. . . .
of s y ~ h e n t r y . . or whrhip, whether
beforq o r a f t e r the conmiencement . . 05 . . thlq A c t , be deemed t o have :. . .
. ,
committed any aot$onable wrong o r offence
power of trustees to4. make regula- t ions f o r the maintance of order and decorum and the due perfor- mahce of r i t e s and cerernonf ea i n temples,
o r be u s ~ d o r prosecuted therefor. , . ., . , ~
( 8 ) without j ~ d i b b t o the generali ty .:
of t h e forgolbq provislqn, it i a . .
hereby decllqrdd , . .-,. that t h e r i g h t conferred . ,
by sub-sect$o4 . '(1) bhall include the . ., , . .
. ' , , . :
follwbng right8 . . ' if, find t o the enltent . ,
t o which, $hey' are epjoy&d by Hindus
i n . generel . , . ~ . not: belahgtng to the ,. , . . , . A . ..
I
excluded r14smb!i!~ . .. . . ,. '
, . ' . , ., .
(a) the' . . r t g h t ' t o , . , bat;& i n ; o r use the
waters of, . . > a q ~ ' . ? a c ~ ! ~ d ' t a ? k , . . . . 3 well, . ,
~ p r i n g OF water qoprqe , . , appurtenant t o , . ,',' . .
fhe temple, wljtther :. r i tuated . ' within
o r Outside the prec+qcta, thereoft . . , .
(b? the Fight: pf , pggegga . , , . . , , , over , , . , any sacred I ...
place, +nqlud!ng . e ' ~ i 1 1 . ._,( br t ~ i l l o c k o r a
road, .~ . street , o r . . path way, wpich i s > i
r eqq i s i t I fo r : a b t a i ~ i n ~ access tb the !; " . . . ' . ,
temple. , .
The .trustee o r other authority i n charge , ,
, > . .
~f a temple shall ha& power, sub3ect to . 0 , . , .
the control of fheprovinclal . , . Government
and . . : . t o any yu)aa whl~bniky be made by . , i - .. . .
them, t o make ~ e g u l q t i o n s . f o r the
mgintenan6e . . . of order and, decorum i n
the temple and the due abservance
of the r e l i g i ~ u ~ . . . rl$pe . , pnd ceremonies
performed i n . the ternpie, . . but such . yeguiatlona sha l l not d$eorimj,nate ..;,: ,
. . ., I n any way against thg members of
the excludcq clas@es.
,
sanction for 5. (1) Qo s u i t f o r damegee, +njunction o r , , . , . ins t i tu t ion
o r centinuance beclarqtioh pF for bny:toerh r e l i e f , of s u i t s , "
prosecutions no pr~secu t i on , . ? . for any . , offence, and etc. . .
no a p p l i c g t l ~ n . . or . . ther proceeding
und~r . , the , Ygdra? Hindu Peligiour , ! ; , .
I . I. . . ,
Ispdowment A?$, lgag, , ,:. , .. o r pny other
Jew, sha l l be irletgtuted . . $n respect
'qny temple, whether before of a f t e r h.
the commepcerpant of t h i s A c t , on
the sole ground . . . , t ~ a t . r . such . , . . entry
o r worship je agi!$rji3t . . , the . cusfom or
usage which exclydsb cgrtain classes
of Hindus f ~ o m such entry o r worship. < *
( 2 ) No s u i t , p roaec~yt~on ," applicatioq ,~
o r proseer?l.ng "enature aboresglq, . .
ills ti tuted bsf or+' thecommencement , .:
o$ t h i q kc t f ahat) be continued
thereif ter , ' w j ~ t h o u t the sanction of , ,
theprov . inc ia l . . , Government.
Penal t ies
Rules.
7. Who e v e r - ( i ) P r e ~ r e n t s a person be longing t o any
excluded c l a s s from e x e r c i s i n g any
r i g h t c o n f e r r e d by t h i s A c t , o r
excluded c l a s s from e x e r c i s i n g
any r i g h t c o n f e r r e d by t h i s A c t ,
o r
( i i ) mo le s t s o r o b s t r u c t s any such person
i n t h e e x e r c i s e of any such r i g h t
S h a l l be nunishable , i n t h e c a s e o f
f i r s t offen'e, w i th f i n e which may
ex tend t o one hundred rupees , and
i n t h e c a s e of a second o r subsequent
o f f ence , w i t h imprisonmentwhich
may ex tend t o s j x months, o r w i t h
f i n e which may ex tend t o f i v e
hundred rupees , o r w i t h both.
8. (1) The p r o v i n c i a l Government may make
r u l e s f o r t h e purpose of e a r r y i n g
i n t o e f f e c t t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s
Ach i n r e s p e c t o f temples g e n e r a l l y
o r o f any templeor c l a s s of temples.
( 2 ) A l l r u l e s made under t h i s S e c t i o n
s h a l l be pub l t shed i n t h e - F o r t
S t . Georqe Gaze t t e , and, on such
p u b l l c a t i o n , s h a l l have e f f e c t as i f
enac t ed i n t h j s A c t .
Power t o remove d i f f i c u l t ies
9. I f any d i f f i c u l t y a r i s e s i n g i v i n g e f f e c t
t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h&s A c t , t h e
p r o v i n c j ~ a l Government, a s occas s ion
r e q u i r e s , may be o r d e r , do any th ing
which appears t o them neces sa ry farr
t h e purpose o f removing t h e d i f f i c u l t y .
Repeal s . 10. The Malabar Temple En t ry A c t , 1938,
Madras A c t XX of andtheMadras Temple En t ry A u t h o r i s a t i o n 1938 Madras A c t X X I I of 1939. and indemin i ty A c t , 1939, are he reby
repea led .
Amendment o f S e c t i o a l . I n S e c t i o n 40 o f t h e Madras Hindu 40, Madras A c t II of 1927. Religious Endowment A c t , 1926, f o r
Madras A c t I1 of 1927.
t h e words and f i g u r e s " s u b j e c t t o
t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e Malabar Temple
E n t r y A c t , 1938, and t h e Madras Temple
E n t r y A u t h o r i s a t i o n and Indemnity A c t ,
1939" t h e words and f i g v r e s " s u b j e c t
1947", s h a l l be s u b s t i t u t e d .
Source: The F o r t St.George Gaze t t e , No.4, d a t e d January, 28, 1947, Pt.IV-A-Bills, pP.91-2.
APPENDIX-N0.9
COCHIN TEPIPCE FNTRY AVTH~'RISATI0M PROCLAMATION
PROCLAMATION
(V OF 1123)
Promulgated by H i s Highnnss S r e e Kera l a Varma, Maharaja of Cochin. .
On t h e 5 t h day of Dhanu 1123, co r r e spond ing t o t h e 20th day o f December, 1947.
S h o r t t i t l e , e x t e n t and commencement.
D e f i n i t i o n s .
1. (1) T 5 i s p roc lamat ion may be called b
t h e Cochin Temple E n t r y A u t h o r i s a t i o n
Proclamat ion, V of 1123.
(2) It ex tends t o t h e whole o f Cochin Btate.
( 3 ) I t s h a l l come i n t o f o r c e a t 6 a.m
on t h e F i r s t day of Medam 1123.
2. I n t h i s p roc lamat ion u n l e s s t h e r e i s
any th ing repugnanent i n t h e s u b j e c t or
c c n t e x t - (1) "excluded c l a s s " means bny c a s t e or
c l a s s o f t h e Hindu Connnunity which
by reason of any e s t a b l i s h e d custom
or usage i s excluded from e n t e r j n g
t h e temple concerned o r o f f e r i n g
worship t h e r e i n ;
R i g h t o f e x cluded c l e s s e s t o e n t e r and o f f e r worship i n temp1 es .
( 2 ) "temple" menas a p l a a e by whatever
name 'cnown whjch i s d e d i c a t e d to o r
f o r t h e b e n e f i t o f o r used as o f
r i g h t by t h e caste-Hindu Community
i n g e n e r a l , as a p l a c e o f p u b l i c
re1 i g i o u s worship and i n c l u d e s
s u b s j d i a r y s h r i n e s , as w e l l as t anks
a p p u r t e n a n t t o t h e temple;
( 3 ) "worship" means such r e l i g i o u s s e r v i c e
a s t h e bu lk o f t h e -o r sh ippe r s may
p a r t i c i p a t e i n o r o f f e r i n a temple
and i n c l u d e s t h e r i g h t t o b a t h e i n
t anks a p p u r t e n a n t t o t h e temple,
s u b j e c t t o such r u l e s o r o rde r? a s
may be made o r i s s u e d under t h i s
p roc lamat j on.
3. Not wi ths t and ing any law, custom o r
usage t o t h e c o n t r a r y , pe r sons belonging
t o t h e excluded c l a s s e s s h a l l b e e n t i t l e d
to e n t e r any Hindi1 temple and o f f e r
worship t h e r e l n t h e same manner and t o
t h e same e x t e n t a s Hindus i n gene ra l ;
and no member cf any exclud-d c l a s s
s h a l l , by reaqon o n l y o f such e n t r y
o r v o r s h i p a f t e r t h e commencement of t h i s
B a r o f s u i t s and o t h e r proceedings .
proclamat ion, be deemed t o c o r m i t
a n - a c t i o n a b l e wrong o r o f f e r e n c e o r
be sued o r p rosecu ted t h e r e f o r .
4. No s u i t f o r damages, i n j u n c t i o n o r
B e c l a r a t l o n o f f o r any o t h e r rel ief ,
no p r o s e c u t i o n for any o f f e n c e and
no appl l c a t 1 on o r o t h e r p roceeding
under t h e Cochin Hindu Rel ighous
I n s t i t u t i o n s A c t , 1 of 1081, or any
o t h e r law, s h a l l be i n s t i t u t e d i n r e s p e c t
of any e n t r y i n t o o r worship i n any
temple a f t e r t h e commencement of t h i s I
p roc lamat ion on t h e s o l s ground t h a t
such e n t r y o r worship i s a g a i n s t t h e
custom o r usage which exc ludes c e r t a i n
c l a s s e s of Hindus from such e n t r y
o r worship.
Power t o d e c i d e 5. If any q u e s t i o n a r i s e s a s t o whether d i s p u t e s .
a p l a c e i.s o r i s no ta temple as d e f i n e d
i n t h i s p roc lamat ion , t h e q u e s t i o n s h a l l
be r e f e r r e d t o t h e Execut ive A u t h o r i t y
appoin ted by U S under s e c t i o n @OG of
t h e Government o f Cochin A c t , XX o f 1113,
and h i s d e c i s i o n s h a l l , s u b j e c t , however
t o any d e c r e e passed by a competent
c i v i l Cour t a s u i t f i l e d b e f o r e it
P e n a l t i e s .
Rules.
w i t h i n s i x months o f t h e d a t e of h i s
d e c i s i o n , he f i n a l .
6. (i) Preven t s a person be longing t o any
excluded c l a s s from e x e r c i s i n g any
r i g h t c o n f e r r e d by t h i s proclamat ion,
o r
(ii) Moles t s o r o b s t r u c t s any such person
i n t h e e x e r c i s e o f any such r i g h t
s h a l l be p u n i s h a b l e , i n t h e c a s e of
a f i r s t o f f ence , w i th f i n e which
may ex tend t o one hundred rupees ,
and i n t h e c a s e o f a second o r
subsequent o f fence , w i th imprisonment
which may ex tend to s i x moths, o r
w i t h f i n e which may ex tend t o f i v e
hundred rupees , o r w i thboth:
7. (1 ) The Execut ive A u t h o r i t y appoin ted
by U S under s e c t i o n 50G o f t h e
Governmentof Cochin A c t , XX of 1113,
may make r u l e s f o r t h e purpose of
c a r r y i n g i n t o e f f e c t t h e p r o v i s i o n s
of t h i s p roc lamat ion i n r e s p e c t of
temples g e n e r a l l y o r o f any temple
o r c l a z s nf temples or i n r e s p e c t
o f worship t h e r e i n .
(2 ) . n p s r t i c u l a r and w i t h o u t p r e j u d i c e
Saving.
r o t b g e n e r a l i t y of t h e f o r g o i n g
power, such r u l e s may p rov ide f o r -
(i) The i q i n t e n a n c e of o r d e r , dec0i.w : i .
and s a n i t a t i o n i n the' temple? aha , , , .
(ii) t h e due observance p$ ' t h e r e $ i g l a u s
r i t e s , r i t u a l s apd ceFkmonies ' . ,
rerforrned i n t h e temple. , . . . . .,
( 3 ) Any such rule rnaj! rpoiride t h a t 4 ; . .. . , . ~ , , . . - < . , ' >
cbntra .vent ion kh&&of s h a l l be ' .,
! . . ! , . , .
punishable , i n the c a s e ' o f , a f ir$t
o f f ence , w i t h f$"e whj& may ext=nd . : , . ,. '. . . .
t o f i r t y rupees , .qnd i n t h e case ' ... I,
. . . ./ I . ' . ) . ' . ::
df a second o r ~ u b m e ~ h e n t .sffepkis, ,," " ' . , . I .
wi.ti-1 imp~:?sonment whiGh.'!may ex tend .. ,
t o t h ~ e e months, ' o r w$$h f i n e which
mai. exteiicl t o I%io h"n4sed and f : ( f t y 1 ' , .
, 6 , , ' 1 ' ., . , rupee8 or w i t h both. , , . . . , . , , , . .
5 1 . , 1 . '
( 4 ) 411 r u l e s and o r d e l e madeor a' i s s u e d
under t h l s Proclamat iop s h a l l
~.c?bl i s h e d i n t h e ~ o c h t d ~overq i iby i t . , . A>, , .
G a ? & t t e , and, on such p u b i i c a t t o a ,
911 1-1 i ha ..I* effect 8 s f f e n a c t e d Ln . .
t h i s p r r l - ima t ion .
. ,
t h a t . t:rr ':r!nplc! of S hrayeesan 1 ', ,; .. _ . 'I
,. .
s i t u a t e d wi th jn t h e f o r t a r e a o f
T r ippun i thu ra i n t h e Kanayannur Taluk
i s n o t and s h a l l n o t be deemed t o be
a temple f o r thepurposes of t h i s
proclamat ion and t h a t none of t h e
p r o v i s i o n s con ta ined i n t h i s
proclamat ion s h a l l app ly to t h e s a i d
temple.
Source: P roc l ana t ion V o f 1123.
A N0.118, S.No. 816, (Regtonal/Archives, Ernakulam) PP.l-4.
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12. 9, 195, Novcrnbr?r 7, 1931
13. 3, 202, November 15, 1931
14. 9, 203, Novcmhcr 17, 1931
15. 9, 205, Novemb-r 19, 1931
16. 9, 208, CTovembcr 22, 1931
17. 9, 217, December 3, 1931
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1 . 9, 220, !xccrnb,:.r 6, 1 9 3 1
20. 9, 228, D-cember 15, 1 9 3 1
21. 9, 236, December 25, 1 9 3 1
22 . 9, December 27, 1 9 3 1
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10, 168, e t c h s r 5, 1932
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77.183. Octcber 23, 1932
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!Jc,i:?nt:?r 20, 13 32
b!ovrmber 22, 1932
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December 6, 19 32
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