PAC Dementia Cue CardsAt Positive Approach to Care (PAC), we are always seeking to offer opportunities to turn unawareness into awareness, awareness into knowledge, and knowledge into skills, as the basis for effective changes in care.

For this reason, we are proud to introduce PAC’s latest free resource: the Dementia Cue Card/Dementia Assist Card. This card provides information to help us recognize if what we are seeing, hearing, and/or experiencing may indicate that something is not normal, with the goal of providing appropriate support for all individuals who may be starting to experience brain change.

• The Dementia Cue Card provides cues and clues about how to recognize early brain changes, as well as some important facts and realities about dementia.

• The Dementia Assist Card provides tips on how to position oneself for supportive, less stressful, safer interactions, and offers verbal communication methods that minimize the risk of confrontations.

PAC is allowing you to print, distribute and use these cards for any non-commercial purpose, including training and general educational use, provided you do not charge any money for such usage. For usage questions contact licensing@teepasnow.com.

If you would like our assistance to print these cards in bulk (4-up/500 or more cards) please contact us at info@teepasnow.com and we will connect you with our recommended print vendor. The cost ranges from $0.17 cents to $0.04 cents per card depending on the number printed, plus a shipping fee.

We thank you in advance for your cooperation.

For more resources, visit www.teepasnow.com/store

Dementia Cue Card What to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may unexpectedly

reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares without

recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and doesn’t follow

through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding of what

was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Option 1Pages 2 and 3 are sized 8.5" x 11".

Print on regular-sized paper or cardstock.

Dementia Cue Card What to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue Card What to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Option 2Pages 4 and 5 are sized 8.5" x 5.5"

two-on-a-page (half-sheets). Print on cardstock and cut into 2 cards.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Option 3Pages 6 and 7 are sized 4.25" x 5.25"

four-on-a-page (4-up). Print on cardstock and cut into 4 cards.

This pdf gives you three pre-set formats for printing this double-sided card:

Disclaimer of Liability: These materials provided to you by PAC are the thoughts and opinions of Positive Approach to Care. Any information provided is not medical advice and should not be relied on as medical advice. Positive Approach, LLC is not responsible for the actions of any person who acts by relying on the information provided therein. Please use your own discretion in using and implementing the information received in any materials offered by Positive Approach, LLC.

Dementia Cue Card What to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may unexpectedly

reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares without

recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and doesn’t follow

through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding of what

was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Dem

entia

Cue

Car

d W

hat t

o Lo

ok F

or:

• Po

or im

pulse

cont

rol –

doe

s priv

ate

thin

gs in

pub

lic a

nd is

eas

ily ir

ritat

ed, m

ay

unex

pect

edly

reac

h fo

r, or

touc

h, o

ther

s or o

bjec

ts•

Poor

imm

edia

te re

call

of in

fo –

forg

ets w

hat y

ou sa

id, r

epea

tedl

y as

ks o

r sha

res

with

out r

ecal

ling

havi

ng d

one

so, b

elie

ves y

ou a

re ly

ing

• Lo

ss o

f sho

rt te

rm m

emor

y –

does

n’t r

emem

ber l

ast c

onta

ct w

ith y

ou a

nd

does

n’t f

ollo

w th

roug

h, u

nabl

e to

giv

e ac

cura

te in

fo•

Wor

d fi n

ding

pro

blem

s – is

vag

ue, u

ses t

he w

rong

wor

ds, g

ets o

ff -ta

rget

• Co

nfab

ulati

on

– m

akes

up

info

– u

naw

are

of in

cons

isten

cies

, arg

ues

• Po

or ju

dgm

ent –

choi

ces d

on’t

mak

e se

nse

or a

re in

cons

isten

t with

pas

t val

ues

–

dres

sed

inap

prop

riate

ly fo

r the

situ

ati o

n

– tr

ies t

o ge

t aw

ay o

r res

ist, e

ven

thou

gh su

rrou

nded

or o

utnu

mbe

red

–

refu

ses h

elp

even

thou

gh n

eedi

ng it

• Ge

ts lo

st in

pla

ce a

nd ti

me

– dr

ivin

g or

wal

king

– g

oes b

ack

in ti

me

• Re

tain

ed so

cial s

kills

– co

vers

for m

istak

es a

nd a

gree

s with

out u

nder

stan

ding

• Em

oti o

nal d

istre

ss –

fear

ful,

angr

y, or

hap

py –

inap

prop

riate

for s

ituati

on

How

To C

heck

It O

ut:

• As

k qu

esti o

ns th

at re

quire

exp

lana

ti ons

(not

just

“yes

” or “

no”)

• Lis

ten

for e

rror

s, va

gue,

or o

ff -ta

rget

com

men

ts, s

low

ed o

r im

paire

d un

ders

tand

ing

of w

hat w

as sa

id, r

epea

ts, e

xtre

me

emoti

ona

l rea

cti o

ns, o

r dist

racti

bilit

y…BU

T•

DO N

OT p

oint

out

or h

ighl

ight

inap

prop

riate

beh

avio

rs o

r arg

ue re

ality

•

Seek

out

add

iti on

al in

fo fr

om si

gnifi

cant

oth

ers –

in a

sepa

rate

spac

e•

Noti c

e in

crea

se o

r dec

reas

e in

freq

uenc

y, in

tens

ity, o

r vol

ume

of sp

eech

• N

oti c

e ch

ange

s in

visu

al, v

erba

l, or

phy

sical

reac

ti ons

or a

biliti

es

Som

e Im

port

ant F

acts

:•

As m

any

as 5

0% o

f tho

se o

ver 8

5 w

ill h

ave

som

e fo

rm o

r deg

ree

of d

emen

ti a

• De

men

ti a is

pro

gres

sive

– sy

mpt

oms a

nd a

biliti

es c

hang

e ov

er ti

me

• 5-

10%

of p

eopl

e 70

and

you

nger

hav

e de

men

ti a•

Dem

enti a

has

man

y fo

rms –

diff

eren

t sym

ptom

s and

pro

gres

sion

patt e

rns

• Be

havi

or o

r wor

d fi n

ding

chan

ges,

not m

emor

y ch

ange

s, m

ay b

e th

e fi r

st si

gns

• De

men

ti a is

inco

nsist

ent –

goo

d/ba

d da

ys, ti

mes

, and

mom

ents

• Al

zhei

mer

s, Le

wy

Body

, Fro

ntal

-Tem

pora

l, an

d Va

scul

ar a

re co

mm

on fo

rms

• Le

avin

g an

are

a an

d ge

tti ng

lost

or d

isorie

nted

can

easil

y ha

ppen

• Be

com

ing

dist

ress

ed w

ith co

nfi n

emen

t or c

onfro

ntati

on

can

quic

kly

happ

en•

Visu

al fi

eld

awar

enes

s is l

imite

d in

mos

t dem

enti a

s and

obj

ect r

ecog

niti o

n va

ries

Copy

right

© 2

006

- 201

9 Po

siti v

e Ap

proa

ch, L

LC a

nd T

eepa

Sno

w.

May

not

be

dupl

icat

ed o

r re-

used

with

out p

rior p

erm

issi

on.

Dem

entia

Cue

Car

d W

hat t

o Lo

ok F

or:

• Po

or im

pulse

cont

rol –

doe

s priv

ate

thin

gs in

pub

lic a

nd is

eas

ily ir

ritat

ed, m

ay

unex

pect

edly

reac

h fo

r, or

touc

h, o

ther

s or o

bjec

ts•

Poor

imm

edia

te re

call

of in

fo –

forg

ets w

hat y

ou sa

id, r

epea

tedl

y as

ks o

r sha

res

with

out r

ecal

ling

havi

ng d

one

so, b

elie

ves y

ou a

re ly

ing

• Lo

ss o

f sho

rt te

rm m

emor

y –

does

n’t r

emem

ber l

ast c

onta

ct w

ith y

ou a

nd

does

n’t f

ollo

w th

roug

h, u

nabl

e to

giv

e ac

cura

te in

fo•

Wor

d fi n

ding

pro

blem

s – is

vag

ue, u

ses t

he w

rong

wor

ds, g

ets o

ff -ta

rget

• Co

nfab

ulati

on

– m

akes

up

info

– u

naw

are

of in

cons

isten

cies,

argu

es•

Poor

judg

men

t – ch

oice

s don

’t m

ake

sens

e or

are

inco

nsist

ent w

ith p

ast v

alue

s

– dr

esse

d in

appr

opria

tely

for t

he si

tuati

on

–

trie

s to

get a

way

or r

esist

, eve

n th

ough

surr

ound

ed o

r out

num

bere

d

– re

fuse

s hel

p ev

en th

ough

nee

ding

it•

Gets

lost

in p

lace

and

ti m

e –

driv

ing

or w

alki

ng –

goe

s bac

k in

ti m

e•

Reta

ined

socia

l ski

lls –

cove

rs fo

r mist

akes

and

agr

ees w

ithou

t und

erst

andi

ng•

Emoti

ona

l dist

ress

– fe

arfu

l, an

gry,

or h

appy

– in

appr

opria

te fo

r situ

ati o

n

How

To C

heck

It O

ut:

• As

k qu

esti o

ns th

at re

quire

exp

lana

ti ons

(not

just

“yes

” or “

no”)

• Lis

ten

for e

rror

s, va

gue,

or o

ff -ta

rget

com

men

ts, s

low

ed o

r im

paire

d un

ders

tand

ing

of w

hat w

as sa

id, r

epea

ts, e

xtre

me

emoti

ona

l rea

cti o

ns, o

r dist

racti

bilit

y…BU

T•

DO N

OT p

oint

out

or h

ighl

ight

inap

prop

riate

beh

avio

rs o

r arg

ue re

ality

•

Seek

out

add

iti on

al in

fo fr

om si

gnifi

cant

oth

ers –

in a

sepa

rate

spac

e•

Noti c

e in

crea

se o

r dec

reas

e in

freq

uenc

y, in

tens

ity, o

r vol

ume

of sp

eech

• N

oti c

e ch

ange

s in

visu

al, v

erba

l, or

phy

sical

reac

ti ons

or a

biliti

es

Som

e Im

port

ant F

acts

:•

As m

any

as 5

0% o

f tho

se o

ver 8

5 w

ill h

ave

som

e fo

rm o

r deg

ree

of d

emen

ti a

• De

men

ti a is

pro

gres

sive

– sy

mpt

oms a

nd a

biliti

es c

hang

e ov

er ti

me

• 5-

10%

of p

eopl

e 70

and

you

nger

hav

e de

men

ti a•

Dem

enti a

has

man

y fo

rms –

diff

eren

t sym

ptom

s and

pro

gres

sion

patt e

rns

• Be

havi

or o

r wor

d fi n

ding

chan

ges,

not m

emor

y ch

ange

s, m

ay b

e th

e fi r

st si

gns

• De

men

ti a is

inco

nsist

ent –

goo

d/ba

d da

ys, ti

mes

, and

mom

ents

• Al

zhei

mer

s, Le

wy

Body

, Fro

ntal

-Tem

pora

l, an

d Va

scul

ar a

re co

mm

on fo

rms

• Le

avin

g an

are

a an

d ge

tti ng

lost

or d

isorie

nted

can

easil

y ha

ppen

• Be

com

ing

dist

ress

ed w

ith co

nfi n

emen

t or c

onfro

ntati

on

can

quick

ly h

appe

n•

Visu

al fi

eld

awar

enes

s is l

imite

d in

mos

t dem

enti a

s and

obj

ect r

ecog

niti o

n va

ries

Copy

right

© 2

006

- 201

9 Po

siti v

e Ap

proa

ch, L

LC a

nd T

eepa

Sno

w.

May

not

be

dupl

icat

ed o

r re-

used

with

out p

rior p

erm

issi

on.

Dem

entia

Ass

ist C

ard

Wha

t to

Say!

• Ke

ep y

our v

oice

calm

, lo

w, a

nd rh

ythm

ic•

Keep

it sh

ort a

nd si

mpl

e•

Give

sim

ple

choi

ces –

“t

his o

r tha

t” o

r “th

is or

so

met

hing

else

” •

Use

obj

ects

– sh

ow th

em –

do

n’t j

ust s

ay it

!•

Brea

k ta

sk/m

ovem

ent

dow

n –

one

step

at a

ti m

e•

Ask

the

pers

on to

try

or to

hel

p yo

u•

Use

em

path

eti c

stat

emen

ts

– “S

ound

s like

you

are

…

(giv

e em

oti o

n)”

–

“Loo

ks li

ke y

ou m

ight

…

(giv

e co

nditi

on)”

–

“I’m

sorr

y th

at h

appe

ned,

th

at’s

not O

K”

– “T

his i

s har

d, I

hate

it

for y

ou”

How

to H

ELP!

Use

PPA

– P

ositi

ve P

hysic

al A

ppro

ach™

• St

op 6

feet

out

fron

t – p

ublic

spac

e•

Look

frie

ndly

and

mak

e Hi

! sig

n w

ith h

and

• O

ff er h

and,

mak

ing

eye

cont

act

• Ap

proa

ch fr

om th

e fro

nt –

mov

ing

slow

ly•

Initi

ate

the

gree

ti ng

and

intro

duce

your

self

• Ke

ep sh

ould

ers a

nd fa

ce b

ack

– re

spec

t inti

mat

e sp

ace

• U

se a

supp

orti v

e st

ance

– (s

tand

to

the

right

-han

d –

not i

n fro

nt)

• Ge

t to

thei

r eye

leve

l (c

entr

al v

ision

) sta

ying

at

arm

’s le

ngth

• W

ait f

or th

eir r

espo

nse

befo

re co

nti n

uing

…•

Mak

e po

siti v

e st

atem

ents

–

“Let

’s tr

y…”

–

“Do

this…

” (sh

ow w

hat y

ou w

ant t

he

pers

on to

do

with

you

r bod

y)

– “C

ould

you

ple

ase

help

me…

”

pers

on

help

er

Copy

right

© 2

006

- 201

9 Po

siti v

e Ap

proa

ch, L

LC a

nd T

eepa

Sno

w.

May

not

be

dupl

icat

ed o

r re-

used

with

out p

rior p

erm

issi

on.

Conn

ect w

ith u

s at

in

fo@

Teep

aSno

w.c

om

or

877

-877

-167

1

Crea

ted

by Te

epa

Snow

, MS,

OTR

/L, F

AOTA

Dem

entia

Ass

ist C

ard

Wha

t to

Say!

• Ke

ep y

our v

oice

calm

, lo

w, a

nd rh

ythm

ic•

Keep

it sh

ort a

nd si

mpl

e•

Give

sim

ple

choi

ces –

“t

his o

r tha

t” o

r “th

is or

so

met

hing

else

” •

Use

obje

cts –

show

them

–

don’

t jus

t say

it!

• Br

eak

task

/mov

emen

t do

wn

– on

e st

ep a

t a ti

me

• As

k th

e pe

rson

to tr

yor

to h

elp

you

• Us

e em

path

eti c

stat

emen

ts

– “S

ound

s like

you

are

…

(giv

e em

oti o

n)”

–

“Loo

ks li

ke y

ou m

ight

…

(giv

e co

nditi

on)”

–

“I’m

sorr

y th

at h

appe

ned,

th

at’s

not O

K”

– “T

his i

s har

d, I

hate

it

for y

ou”

How

to H

ELP!

Use

PPA

– P

ositi

ve P

hysic

al A

ppro

ach™

• St

op 6

feet

out

fron

t – p

ublic

spac

e•

Look

frie

ndly

and

mak

e Hi

! sig

n w

ith h

and

• O

ff er h

and,

mak

ing

eye

cont

act

• Ap

proa

ch fr

om th

e fro

nt –

mov

ing

slow

ly•

Initi

ate

the

gree

ti ng

and

intro

duce

your

self

• Ke

ep sh

ould

ers a

nd fa

ce b

ack

– re

spec

t inti

mat

e sp

ace

• Us

e a

supp

orti v

e st

ance

– (s

tand

to

the

right

-han

d –

not i

n fro

nt)

• Ge

t to

thei

r eye

leve

l (c

entr

al v

ision

) sta

ying

at

arm

’s le

ngth

• W

ait f

or th

eir r

espo

nse

befo

re co

nti n

uing

…•

Mak

e po

siti v

e st

atem

ents

–

“Let

’s tr

y…”

–

“Do

this…

” (sh

ow w

hat y

ou w

ant t

he

pers

on to

do

with

you

r bod

y)

– “C

ould

you

ple

ase

help

me…

”

pers

on

help

er

Copy

right

© 2

006

- 201

9 Po

siti v

e Ap

proa

ch, L

LC a

nd T

eepa

Sno

w.

May

not

be

dupl

icat

ed o

r re-

used

with

out p

rior p

erm

issi

on.

Conn

ect w

ith u

s at

in

fo@

Teep

aSno

w.c

om

or

877

-877

-167

1

Crea

ted

by Te

epa

Snow

, MS,

OTR

/L, F

AOTA

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Cue CardWhat to Look For:• Poor impulse control – does private things in public and is easily irritated, may

unexpectedly reach for, or touch, others or objects• Poor immediate recall of info – forgets what you said, repeatedly asks or shares

without recalling having done so, believes you are lying• Loss of short term memory – doesn’t remember last contact with you and

doesn’t follow through, unable to give accurate info• Word fi nding problems – is vague, uses the wrong words, gets off -target• Confabulati on – makes up info – unaware of inconsistencies, argues• Poor judgment – choices don’t make sense or are inconsistent with past values – dressed inappropriately for the situati on – tries to get away or resist, even though surrounded or outnumbered – refuses help even though needing it• Gets lost in place and ti me – driving or walking – goes back in ti me• Retained social skills – covers for mistakes and agrees without understanding• Emoti onal distress – fearful, angry, or happy – inappropriate for situati on

How To Check It Out:• Ask questi ons that require explanati ons (not just “yes” or “no”)• Listen for errors, vague, or off -target comments, slowed or impaired understanding

of what was said, repeats, extreme emoti onal reacti ons, or distracti bility…BUT• DO NOT point out or highlight inappropriate behaviors or argue reality • Seek out additi onal info from signifi cant others – in a separate space• Noti ce increase or decrease in frequency, intensity, or volume of speech• Noti ce changes in visual, verbal, or physical reacti ons or abiliti es

Some Important Facts:• As many as 50% of those over 85 will have some form or degree of dementi a • Dementi a is progressive – symptoms and abiliti es change over ti me• 5-10% of people 70 and younger have dementi a• Dementi a has many forms – diff erent symptoms and progression patt erns• Behavior or word fi nding changes, not memory changes, may be the fi rst signs• Dementi a is inconsistent – good/bad days, ti mes, and moments• Alzheimers, Lewy Body, Frontal-Temporal, and Vascular are common forms• Leaving an area and getti ng lost or disoriented can easily happen• Becoming distressed with confi nement or confrontati on can quickly happen• Visual fi eld awareness is limited in most dementi as and object recogniti on varies

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA

Dementia Assist Card What to Say!• Keep your voice calm,

low, and rhythmic• Keep it short and simple• Give simple choices –

“this or that” or “this or something else”

• Use objects – show them – don’t just say it!

• Break task/movement down – one step at a ti me

• Ask the person to tryor to help you

• Use empatheti c statements – “Sounds like you are…

(give emoti on)” – “Looks like you might…

(give conditi on)” – “I’m sorry that happened,

that’s not OK” – “This is hard, I hate

it for you”

How to HELP!Use PPA – Positi ve Physical Approach™• Stop 6 feet out front – public space• Look friendly and make Hi! sign with hand• Off er hand, making eye contact• Approach from the front – moving slowly• Initi ate the greeti ng and introduce yourself• Keep shoulders and face back –

respect inti mate space• Use a supporti ve stance – (stand

to the right-hand – not in front)• Get to their eye level

(central vision) staying at arm’s length

• Wait for their response before conti nuing…• Make positi ve statements – “Let’s try…” – “Do this…” (show what you want the

person to do with your body) – “Could you please help me…”

person

helper

Copyright © 2006 - 2019 Positi ve Approach, LLC and Teepa Snow. May not be duplicated or re-used without prior permission.

Connect with us at info@TeepaSnow.com or 877-877-1671

Created by Teepa Snow, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA