Introduction to network devices I.

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Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College

Areas of Expertise Industry Certifications

PC Hardware

Network Administration

IT Project Management

Network Design

User Training

IT Troubleshooting

Qualifications Summary

Education

M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University

B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University

Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues into efficient and effective solutions.

Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse workforces, improving processes, analyzing business needs and creating the solutions required— with a focus on technology.

Brian K. Ferrill, M.B.A.

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Introduction to network devices I.

– Layer 1 devices.

– Layer 2 devices.

– Layer 3 devices.

PACE-IT.

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Layer 1 devices.Introduction to network devices I.

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Layer 1 devices.

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model was developed as a way to help disparate computing systems communicate with each other.

Most devices do function at more than one level of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. When it comes time to determine where they fit into the model, you must first determine the highest level at which they operate. To do that, you must know what they do and how that relates to the OSI model.

Introduction to network devices I.

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Layer 1 devices.

– Analog modem.» The word modem is actually derived from a contraction

of modulator/demodulator.• Modems were developed to take the digital signal

coming from a digital node and convert it to an analog signal (modulating the signal) to be placed on the wire. In return, it would accept an analog signal from the wire and convert it (demodulating the signal) to a digital signal that the node could understand.

» They were developed to create connections between network segments via the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using the plain old telephone system (POTS).

• Modems provide for a single connection to a network.

– Hub.» A hub functions as a concentrator/repeater in that it

doesn’t care where the signal comes from or where it is going.

• It takes the electrical signal that arrives on a port and replicates that signal out all of the other ports.

» A hub may have just a few ports, or it may have many ports.

• For a variety of reasons, the hub is not very common in modern networking.

Introduction to network devices I.

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Layer 2 devices.Introduction to network devices I.

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Layer 2 devices.

– Switch.» A switch utilizes an application-specific integrated

circuit (ASIC) chip.• The ASIC chip has specific programing that allows the

switch to learn when a device is on the network and which ports it is connected to via that device’s Layer 2 MAC address.

» A switch may have just a few ports, or it may have many ports.

» A switch can be very simple, or it can be highly complex and programmable.

» A switch will only communicates with the local network devices.

– Wireless access point (WAP).» A WAP is a specific type of network bridge that

connects (bridges) wireless network segments with wired network segments.

• The most common type of WAP bridges 802.11 wireless network segments with 802.3 Ethernet network segments.

» A WAP will only communicates with local network devices.

Introduction to network devices I.

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Layer 3 devices.Introduction to network devices I.

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Layer 3 devices.

– Multilayer switch (MLS).» An MLS provides normal Layer 2 network switching

services, but it will also provide Layer 3 or higher OSI model services.

» The most common MLS is a Layer 3 switch.• It not only utilizes an ASIC chip for switching, but that

ASIC chip is also programed to handle routing functions. This allows the device to communicate and pass data to non-local network devices.

» An MLS is a highly programmable and complex network device.

» An MLS may have just a few ports, or it may have many ports.

– Router.» A router is the most common network device for

connecting different networks together utilizing the OSI model’s Layer 3 logical network information.

» The router uses software programming for decision making as compared to the switch’s use of an ASIC chip.

• The router uses this programming to keep track of different networks and what it considers to be the best possible route to reach those networks.

» A router can communicate with both local and non-local network devices.

Introduction to network devices I.

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What was covered.Introduction to network devices I.

The OSI reference model was developed to help disparate devices communicate on networks. Devices may be classified by the level of the OSI model at which they operate. The analog modem modulates a digital signal into an analog signal and demodulates the return signal to allow for network communication. The hub receives a network signal on a port and replicates that signal out all of the remaining ports.

Topic

Layer 1 devices.

Summary

The switch utilizes an ASIC chip to learn which devices are connected to which ports via the device’s Layer 2 MAC address. When the switch receives network traffic, it will only forward that traffic to the specified MAC address. The WAP is used to bridge wireless network segments with wired network segments.

Layer 2 devices.

The MLS operates at more than just Layer 2 of the OSI model. The most common MLS is the Layer 3 switch. The ASIC chip is programmed to handle more than just the Layer 2 MAC address. The router is the most common device used to connect different networks together. It utilizes software programming to learn about routes between networks

Layer 3 devices.

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