pace-it, security+1.4: common network protocols (part 1)

Common network protocols I.

Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College

Areas of Expertise Industry Certifications PC Hardware Network

Administration IT Project

Management

Network Design User Training IT Troubleshooting

Qualifications Summary

Education M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University

Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues into efficient and effective solutions. Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse workforces, improving processes, analyzing business needs and creating the solutions required— with a focus on technology.

Brian K. Ferrill, M.B.A.

Common network protocols I.PACE-IT.

– IPv4 and IPv6.

– Network storage protocols.

IPv4 and IPv6.Common network protocols I.

With Internet protocols, IPv4 still has dominance over IPv6 in the network. This will change and it is already beginning to do so.

Both IPv4 and IPv6 operate at Layer 3 (the network layer) of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. Both IPv4 and IPv6 operate at the Internet layer of the TCP/IP reference model.The protocols are similar in function, and yet are different in how they provide those functions. Both protocols are responsible for network addressing and routing operations within a network. While IPv4 has performed these duties adequately for many years, IPv6 is slowly assuming those responsibilities and will eventually be the dominant protocol.



– IPv4 overview.» A 32-bit addressing scheme that provides over four

billion possible unique network addresses.• Commonly represented in dotted decimal format—the

numbers are separated by decimals. Each unit represents eight bits (or one byte).

» Can use different methods of transmitting data through networks.

• Unicast—one-to-one communication.• Multicast—one-to-a-few communication.• Broadcast—one-to-many communication.

– IPv6 overview.» A 128-bit addressing scheme that provides over 340

undecillion possible unique addresses.• Commonly represented in comma separated

hexadecimal format. Each set contains two bytes (16 bits).

» Uses unicast and multicast, but does not use broadcast type transmissions.

» Uses anycast—one-to-the-closest communication—to replace broadcast.

Network storage protocols.Common network protocols I.

The storage area network (SAN) and network attached storage (NAS) often get confused with one another.

The SAN is an actual network of devices that have the sole purpose of storing data efficiently. The NAS is a specifically designed network appliance that has been configured to store data more efficiently than standard storage methods. The difference is that a NAS is a data storage appliance that is placed on a network, while a SAN is a network of data storage devices. It is not uncommon for a SAN to contain multiple NAS devices.



– Fibre channel (FC).» A high speed network technology originally developed

to operate over fiber optic cables only.• The standards have been modified to allow the use of

copper cabling in conjunction with the fiber.» Commonly used to connect SANs together.

• Uses Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) as its transport protocol to transmit SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) commands to storage devices (e.g., NAS appliances).

– FC over Ethernet (FCoE).» A Layer 2 protocol used to transmit FC commands over

an Ethernet network.• As a Layer 2 protocol, FCoE is non-routable.

– Internet SCSI (iSCSI).» An IP (Layer 3) based networking standard used to

connect data storage facilities and SANs.• Allows SCSI commands and processes to take place

over long distances, as iSCSI is a routable protocol.

What was covered.Common network protocols I.

IPv4 and IPv6 have some similarities in that they both provide functionality at Layer 3 (the network layer) of the OSI model (which corresponds to the Internet layer of the TCP/IP model). IPv4 and IPv6 do have some differences in how they provide that functionality. IPv4 uses a 32-bit binary addressing scheme, while IPv6 uses a 128-bit scheme. IPv6 will eventually supplant IPv4 in networking.

Topic

IPv4 and IPv6.

Summary

The SAN is an independent network of storage devices. The NAS is a data storage appliance that is placed on the network. It is not uncommon for the SAN to be composed of multiple NAS devices. FC is a network technology that uses FCP to transport SCSI commands to storage devices. FCoE is a Layer 2 protocol used to transmit FC commands over Ethernet. On the other hand, iSCSI is a Layer 3 protocol used to transmit SCSI commands over long distances and it can span networks as well (routable).

Network storage protocols.

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