Pacific Affairs Vol. 55, No. 1 Spring 1982

The Reunification of Korea: Problems and Prospects

Energy Politics and Indian Security

Marxism, Sun Yat-sen, and the Concept of "Imperialism"

Authoritarian Rule in the Philippines: Some Critical Views Review Article

Gavan McCormack

Raju G.C. Thomas

A. James Gregor Maria Hsia Chang

Carl H , Landk

Economic Inequality and Social Injustice: Development Issues in Malaysia Review Article Yue-man Yeung

Book Reviews (listed overleaf)

Pacific Affairs (USPS 767-380) is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Road, Rich- mond, VA 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Virginia. Postmaster: Send address change to the William Byrd Press, P.O. Box 27481, Richmond, VA 23261.

Copyright 0 1982, University of British Columbia.

BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE

CHANGING PATTERNS OF SECURITY AND STABILITY IN ASIA. Edited by Sudershan Chawla and D.R. SarDesai.

BANKERS AND DIPLOMATS IN CHINA, 1917-1925. The Anglo- American Relationship. By Roberta Allbert Dayer.

EDGAR SNOW'S CHINA. A Personal Account of the Chinese Revolution Compiled from the Writings of Edgar Snow. By Lois Wheeler Snow.

MAO TSE-TUNG'S THEORY OF DIALECTIC. By Francis Y.K. Soo. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN CHINESE SOCIETY. Edited by

Sidney L. Greenblatt, Richard W. Wilson, and Amy Auerbacher Wilson.

THE CHINESE ECONOMY: PAST AND PRESENT. By Ramon H. Myers.

"CHINA GEOGRAPHER." Number 11: Agriculture. Edited by Clifton W. Pannell and Christopher L. Salter.

CHINA'S INTELLECTUAL DILEMMA. Politics and University Enrolment, 1949-1978. By Robert Taylor.

OUTLAWS OF THE MARSH. Volumes I & 11. By Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong; translated by Sidney Shapiro. L.

VOICES FROM AFAR. Modern Chinese Writers on Oppressed Peonies and Their Literature. By Irene Eber.

ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN CHINA.'B~ Edmund Capon. HONG KONG. Dilemmas of Growth. Edited by Leung Chi-

keung, J.W. Cushman, and Wang Gungwu. ETHNIC GROUPS AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN A CHINESE MARKET

TOWN. By C. Fred Blake. HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI. The Physical, Medical and Social

Effects of the Atomic Bombings. By the Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki; translated by Eisei Ishikawa and David L. Swain.

POLITICAL OPPOSITION AND LOCAL POLITICS IN JAPAN. Edited by Kurt Steiner, Ellis S. Krauss, and Scott C. Flanagan.

POLITICAL WOMEN IN JAPAN. The Search for a Place in Political Life. By Susan J. Pharr.

POLICE AND COMMUNITY IN JAPAN. By Walter L. Ames. FROM THE RISING OF THE SUN. Christians and Society in

Contemporary Japan. By James M. Phillips. THE POLITICS OF JAPAN'S ENERGY STRATEGY. Resources~

DiplomacyÑSecurity Edited by Ronald A. Morse. BETWEEN THE HAMMER AND THE ANVIL? Chinese and Russian

Policies in Outer Mongolia, 1911-1921. By Thomas E. Ewing.

IN AFGHANISTAN'S SHADOW. Baluch Nationalism and Soviet Temptations. By Selig S. Harrison.

POWER, PROFIT AND POLITICS. Essays on Imperialism, Nationalism and Change in Twentieth-Century India. Edited by Christopher Baker, Gordon Johnson, and Anil Seal.

ZAMINDARS, MINES AND PEASANTS. Studies in the History of an Indian Coalfield and Its Rural Hinterland. Edited by Dietmar Rothermund and D.C. Wadhwa.

URBAN GROWTH AND RURAL STAGNATION. Studies in the Economy of an Indian Coalfield and Its Rural Hinterland. Edited by Dietmar Rothermund, Erhard Kropp, and Gunther Dienemann.

RSS: MYTH AND REALITY. Bv Dina Nath Mishra; translated by

T.B. Millar

Stephen Endicott

David P. Barrett Brantly Womack

Ronald C. Keith

Parks M . Coble

Benedict Stavis

Stanley Rosen

Carrington Goodrich

Stanley R. Munro Richard Pearson

Janet W . Salaff

Graham E. Johnson

Glenn D. Hook

J.A.A. Stockwin

Aurelia George David H , Bayley

Cyril Powles

Edward A. Olsen

Morris Rossabi

Robert G. Wirsing

I.]. Catanach

Colin Simmons

Colin Simmons

D.P. Pandey. M& Fainsod Katzenstein THE BOHRAS. By Asghar Ali Engineer. Gail Minault HOMO HIERARCHICUS. The Caste System and Its Implications.

102

103

104 105

106

109

I l l

112

113

115 116

118

120

121

123

124 126

128

129

130

131

133

134

135

137 138

(Complete Revised English Edition.) By Louis Dumont; translated by Mark Sainsbury, Louis Dumont, and Basia Gulati.

CASTE AND OTHER INEQUITIES. Essays on Inequality. By Gerald D. Berreman.

PEOPLE'S PERCEPTION ABOUT FAMILY PLANNING IN INDIA. A Study of Andhra Pradesh and Bihar. By M.E. Khan, C.V.S. Prasad, and Ashok Majmudar; Foreword by Avabai B. Wadia. Marika Vicziany

RETURN TO PUNJAB. By Prakash Tandon. Jeffrey P. Perrill STUDIES IN INDIA'S FOREIGN POLICY. Edited by Surendra

Chopra. Ashok Kapur SANSKRIT DRAMA IN PERFORMANCE. Edited by Rachel Van M.

Baurner and James R. Brandon. Ashok Aklujkar MIDNIGHT'S CHILDREN. A Novel. By Salman Rushdie. George Woodcock UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND AGRARIAN STRUCTURE IN PAKISTAN.

By Mahmood Hansan Khan. B.L.C. Johnson PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR BOMB. By Brij Mohan Kaushik and O.N.

Mehrotra. Rodney W . Jones THE BANGLADESH REVOLUTION AND ITS AFTERMATH. By

Talukder Maniruzzaman. E.L. Tepper THE DYNAMICS OF BANGLADESH SOCIETY. By A.K. Nazmul

Karirn. Kenneth McPherson AN ANTHOLOGY OF MODERN WRITING FROM SRI LANKA. Edited

by Ranjini Obeyesekere and Chitra Fernando. W.H. New PEOPLE OF THE MALDIVE ISLANDS. By Clarence Maloney. Joseph Tharamangalam THE MAKING OF A BUREAUCRATIC ELITE. The Colonial

Transformation of the Javanese Priyayi. By Heather Sutherland. Paul W . van der Veur

GELD EN GEWETEN. Een bundel opstellen over anderhalve eeuw Nederlands bestuur in de Indonesische archipel. Deel I: 19 eeuw. Edited by Cees Fasseur.

ETHIEK IN FRAGMENTEN. Vijf studies over koloniaal denken en doen van Nederlanders in de Indonesische archipel, 1877- 1942. By Elisabeth Bodine Locher-Scholten.

CHINESE VILLAGE POLITICS IN THE MALAYSIAN STATE. By Judith Strauch.

SOUVENIRS Doux ET AMERS. By Norodorn Sihanouk. BARWICK. By David Marr. UN VOYAGE EN OCEANIE. By Jean-Claude Guillebaud. PAPUA NEW GUINEA. A Political History. By James Griffin,

Hank Nelson, and Stewart Firth. THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC.

Micronesia and Papua New Guinea. Edited by Grant K. Goodman and Felix Moos.

THE ECONOMIC BASIS OF ETHNIC SOLIDARITY. Small Business in the Japanese American Community. By Edna Bonacich and John Modell.

OBASAN. By Joy Kogawa. MEASURING THE CONDITION OF THE WORLD'S POOR. The

Physical Quality of Life Index. By Morris David Morris. SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT. Search for New

Directions. Edited by P.J. Lavakare, Ashok Parthasarathi, and B.M. Udgaonkar.

BRIEFLY NOTED

FOREIGN DEVILS HAD LIGHT EYES. A Memoir of Shanghai, 1933-1939. By Dora Sanders Carney.

INSIDE JAPAN. Edited by Howard Smith. AT PLAY WITH KRISHNA. Pilgrimage Dramas from Brindavan.

By John Stratton Hawley, in association with Shrivatsa Goswami.

Steve Barnett 140

Steve Barnett 140

J.Z. (Ham) Bakker 158

J.Z. (Ham) Bakker 160

Judith Nagata 16 1 David P . Chandler 163

Malcolm Smith 164 Jean-Marc Philibert 166

Richard F. Salisbury l67

Roger W . Gale 168

K . Victor Ujimoto 169 Chieko Irie Mulhern 17 1

W . Klatt 172

William A. Blanpied 174

David P. Barrett 175 John Homes 176

Kathryn Hansen 177

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

GAVAN MCCORMACK, Senior Lecturer in History, La Trobe University, Australia. Author of Chang Tso-lin in Northeast China, 191 1-1 928: China, Japan and the Manchurian Idea (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1977); co-editor (with Mark Selden) of Korea North and South: The Contemporary Crisis (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978).

RAJU G.C. THOMAS, Associate Professor of Political Science, Marquette University, U.S.A. (Research Fellow, Center for Science and Interna- tional Affairs, Harvard University, U.S.A., 1980-81.) Author of The Defence of India: A Budgetary Perspective of Strategy and Politics (New Delhi: Macmillan Company of IndiaIColumbia, Missouri: South Asia Books, 1978).

A. JAMES GREGOR, Senior Fellow, Institute for Advanced Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IsraelIProfessor of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. Co-author (with Maria Hsia Chang and Andrew B. Zimmerman) of Ideology and Development: Sun Yat-sen and the Economic History of Taiwan (Berkeley: University of California, Center for Chinese Studies, 1982).

MARIA HSIA CHANG, Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science, Washington State University, U.S.A. Co-author (with Admiral Edwin K. Snyder) of The Taiwan Relations Act and the Defense of the Republic of China (Berkeley: University of California, Institute of International Studies, 1980).

CARL H. LAND£ Professor of Political Science and East Asian Studies, University of Kansas, U.S.A. Author of Leaders, Factions and Parties: The Structure of Philippine Politics (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1965) and of Southern Tagalog Voting, 1946-1963: Political Behavior in a Philippine Region (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1973).

YUE-MAN YEUNG, Senior Program Officer, Social Sciences Division, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. Au- thor of National Development Policy and Urban Transformation in Singa- pore (Chicago: University of Chicago, Department of Geography, 1973); co-editor (with C.P. Lo) of Changing South-East Asian Cities: Readings on Urbanization (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1976); co-author (with T.G. McGee) of Hawkers in Southeast Asian Cities: Planning for the Bazaar Economy (Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1977).

Pacific Affairs Vol. 55, No. 2 Summer 1982

Middlepowers as Extra-Regional Balancer Powers: Canada, India, and Indochina, 1954-62 Douglas A. Ross 185

Nationalist Indian Attitudes Towards Asia: A Troublesome Legacy for Post-Independence Indian Foreign Policy T.A. Keenleyside 2 10

A New Direction for China's State Farms Dennis Woodward 23 1

In Defense of China Studies Review Article Edward Friedman 252

Japan's Changing Industrial Strategy and Its Implications for Japanese Investment in Canada Notes and Comments B . Bilgin 267

Correspondence 273

Book Reviews (listed overleaf) 279

Pacific Affairs (USPS 767-380) is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Road, Richmond, VA 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Virginia. Postmaster: Send address change to the William Byrd Press, P.O. Box 27481, Richmond, VA 23261.

Copyright 0 1982, University of British Columbia.

BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE

LE CANADA FACE A L'ASIE DE L'EST, 1968-1980. By GiSrard Hervouet. Frank Langdon 279

BRITAIN IN THE FAR EAST. A Survey from 1819 to the Present. By Peter Lowe. Ken Booth 280

THE UNITED STATES AND THE PHILIPPINES. A Study of Neocolonialism. By Stephen Rosskamm Shalom. David Wurfel 28 1

ARMS CONTROL 11. A New Approach to International Security. Edited by John H. Barton and Ryukichi Imai. Foreword by Franklin B. Weinstein. Franklyn Gnffiths 283

TAOISM AND CHINESE RELIGION. By Henri Maspero. Translated by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. Daniel L. Ovemyer 284

THE GREAT AGE OF CHINESE POETRY. The High Tang. By Stephen Owen. Richard John Lynn 286

THE CHIA-TING LOYALISTS. Confucian Leadership and Social Change in Seventeenth-Century China. By Jerry Dennerline. Tom Fisher 288

SELECT PAPERS FROM THE CENTER FOR FAR EASTERN STUDIES. No. 3: 1978-79. Edited by Susan Mann Jones. Davzd S.G. Goodman 290

SELECT PAPERS FROM THE CENTER FOR FAR EASTERN STUDIES. No. 4: 1979-80. Edited and with an Introduction by Tang Tsou. David S.G. Goodman 290

THE MODERNIZATION OF CHINA. Edited by Gilbert Rozman. Rhoads Murphey 292 SHANGHAI. Revolution and Development in an Asian

Metropolis. Edited by Christopher Howe. David D. Buck 294 THE GATE OF HEAVENLY PEACE. The Chinese and Their

Revolution, 1895-1980. By Jonathan D. Spence. Brian L. Evans 297 THE FORGOTTEN AMBASSADOR. The Reports of John Leighton

Stuart, 1946-1949. Edited by Kenneth W. Rea and John C. Brewer. Jacqws Gui l lemz 298

SOCIALISM IN THE CHINESE COUNTRYSIDE. Rural Societal Policies in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1979. By Jurgen Domes. Translated by Margitta Wendling. David Zwezg 300

CHINA. Radicalism to Revisionism, 1962-1979. By Bill Brugger. Ann Fenwick 301 CLASS CONFLICT IN CHINESE SOCIALISM. By Richard Curt Kraus. Jonathan Unger 303 SCIENCE IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA. Edited by Leo A. Orleans,

with the assistance of Caroline Davidson. Jon Sigurdson 304 CHINA'S ECONOMY IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE. By A. Doak Barnett. Paul Hamer 306 MANDARIN DUCKS AND BUTTERFLIES. Popular Fiction in Early

Twentieth-Century Chinese Cities. By E. Perry Link, Jr. Richard King 307 THE PERFORMING ARTS IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA. By Colin

Mackerras. David Mingyueh Liang 308 TIBET. By Ngapo Ngawang Jigmei, Khrili Chodra, Chapel

Tsetan Phuntso, Na Zhen, Cai Xiansheng, Jampei Chinlei, and Dongge Luosantselie. With a Preface by Harrison Salisbury. Barry Leach 310

SOCIAL LIFE AND DEVELOPMENT IN HONG KONG. Edited by Ambrose Y.C. King and Rance P.L. Lee. Elizabeth Lominska Johnson 3 1 1

FOREIGN DEVILS ON THE SILK ROAD. The Search for the Lost Cities and Treasure of Chinese Central Asia. By Peter Hopkirk. Owen Lattimore 3 13

THE SELF-MADE MAN IN MEIJI JAPANESE THOUGHT. From Samurai to Salary Man. By Earl H. Kinmonth. Jean-Pierre Lehmann 3 14

PACIFISM IN JAPAN. The Christian and Socialist Tradition. Edited by Nobuya Bamba and John F. Howes. Foreword by Robert N. Bellah. Winston Davis 3 15

ORGANIZED WORKERS AND SOCIALIST POLITICS IN INTERWAR JAPAN. By Stephen S. Large. Andrew Gordon 3 16

THEORY Z. How American Business Can Meet the Japanese Challenge. By William G. Ouchi.

THE ART OF JAPANESE MANAGEMENT. By Richard Tanner Pascale and Anthony G. Athos.

EDUCATIONAL CHOICE AND LABOR MARKETS IN JAPAN. By Mary Jean Bowman, with the collaboration of Hideo Ikeda and Yasumasa Tomoda.

IN THE SHADE OF SPRING LEAVES. The Life and Writings of Higuchi Ichiy6, A Woman of Letters in Meiji Japan. By Robert Lyons Danly.

THE PRESENCE OF SIVA. By Stella Kramrisch. Photography by Praful C. Patel.

POETRY AND SPECULATION OF THE KG VEDA. By Willard Johnson.

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL. From Civic to National Leader- ship. By Devavrat Pathak and Pravin Natvarlal Sheth.

THE POLITICAL CAREER OF C. RAJAGOPALACHARI, 1937-1954. A Moralist in Politics. By A.R.H. Copley.

THE TRANSFER OF POWER, 1942-7. Constitutional Relations between Britain and India. Volume VIII: The Interim Government, 3 July-1 November 1946. Volume IX: The Fixing of a Time Limit, 4 November 1946-22 March 1947. Edited by Penderel Moon.

THE FIRST COMMUNIST MINISTRY IN KERALA, 1957-1959. By Georges Kristoffel Lieten.

REFLECTIONS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL CHANGE. Essays in Honour of Professor V.K.R.V. Rao. Edited by C.H. Hanumantha Rao and P.C. Joshi.

TRIPURA. The Land and Its People. Edited by Jagadis Gan- Chaudhuri.

RELIGION AND SOCIETY OF NORTH-EAST INDIA. Edited by Sujata Miri.

INDIA'S NORTH-EAST IN FLAMES. By V.I.K. Sarin. THE INDIAN OCEAN IN GLOBAL POLITICS. Edited by Larry W.

Bowman and Ian Clark. SEA POWER AND STRATEGY IN THE INDIAN OCEAN. By Alvin J.

Cottrell and Associates. AFGHANISTAN IN CRISIS. Edited by K.P. Misra. THE STRUGGLE FOR AFGHANISTAN. By Nancy Peabody Newel1

and Richard S. Newell. HISTOIRE DE L'ASIE DU SUD-EST. Rkvoltes, Rkformes,

Rkvolutions. Edited by Pierre Brocheux. COMMUNISM IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA. By Justus M. van der Kroef. AN INTRODUCTION TO JAVANESE LAW. A Translation of and

Commentary on the Agama. By M.C. Hoadley and M.B. Hooker.

LOMBOK. Conquest, Colonization and Underdevelopment, 1870-1940. By Alfons van der Kraan.

PASYON AND REVOLUTION. Popular Movements in the Philippines, 1840-1910. By Reynaldo Clemefia Ileto.

WOMEN, POLITICS, AND CHANGE. The Kaum Ibu UMNO, Malaysia, 1945-1972. By Lenore Manderson.

MALAYSIAN POLITICS AND THE 1978 ELECTION. Edited by Harold Crouch, Lee Kam Hing and Michael Ong.

VIETNAM. The Revolutionary Path. By Thomas Hodgkin. VIETNAM. The View from Moscow, Peking, Washington.

By Daniel S. Papp. THE INDEPENDENT VIETNAMESE. Vietnamese Communism

between Russia and China, 1956-1969. By W.R. Smyser. THE THIRD INDOCHINA CONFLICT. Edited by David W.P.

Elliott.

Ronald Dore 3 19

Ronald Dore 3 19

Thomas P. Rohlen 32 1

Sinh Vinh 323

Ashok Aklujkar 324

Ashok Aklujkar 325

Judith M . Brown 326

P.B. Mayer 327

John R. Wood 329

Robin Jeffrey 332

~ h o h a s A. Timberg 332

Shashi Malla 334

Shashi Malla 334 Shashi Malla 334

Stephen Philip Cohen 336

Stephen Philip Cohen 336 Leon B. Poullada 337

Leon B. Poullada 337

David P. Chandler 339 Ruth McVey 341

M.C. Ricklefs 342

Judith L. Eck'lund 344

David Wurfel 346

Gordon P. Means 348

Richard Stubbs 350 John F. Laffey 35 1

Gareth Porter 352

Carlyle A. Thayer 354

Douglas A. Ross 355

ASEAN IN A CHANGING PACIFIC AND WORLD ECONOMY. Edited by Ross Garnaut.

AUSTRALIA AND ASEAN. Report from the Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence, Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia.

GROUP FARMING IN ASIA. Experiences and Potentials. Edited by John Wong.

AGRICULTURAL GROWTH IN JAPAN, TAIWAN, KOREA, AND THE

PHILIPPINES. Edited by Yujiro Hayami, Vernon W. Ruttan, and Herman M. Southworth.

RURAL HOUSEHOLD STUDIES IN ASIA. Edited by Hans P. Binswanger, Robert E. Evenson, Cecilia A. Florencio, and Benjamin N.F. White.

ETHNIC CHANGE. Edited by Charles F. Keyes.

BRIEFLY NOTED

FOOD FOR WAR-FOOD FOR PEACE. United States Food Aid in a Global Context. By Mitchel B. Wallerstein.

POLITICAL CHINA OBSERVED. A Western Perspective. By Peter Harris.

THE COURT-MARTIAL OF THE KAOHSIUNG DEFENDANTS. By John Kaplan.

RAPANUI. Tradition and Survival on Easter Island. Bv Grant McCall.

KOREAN SHAMANISTIC RITUALS. By Jung Young Lee.

Donald K. Crone 356

Donald K. Crone 356

David I. Steinberg 358

David I. Steinberg 358

David I. Steinberg 358 Tissa Fernado 360

G.B. Hainsworth 361

F.Q. Quo 363

F. Allan Hanson 363 The Editor 364

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

DOUGLAS A. Ross, Assistant Professor of Political Science, and Post- Doctoral Research Fellow, Institute of International Relations, Uni- versity of British Columbia, Canada. Author of I n the Interests of Peace, a forthcoming book on Canadian foreign policy and the Vietnam conflict, 1954-73. Co-author of China and Japan: Emergmg Global Powers (Praeger, 1975).

T.A. KEENLEYSIDE, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Windsor, Canada. Author of The Common Touch (Toronto and Garden City [New York]: Doubleday, 1977).

DENNIS WOODWARD, Research Fellow, Contemporary China Centre, Australian National University. Currently working on a book on post- 1949 Chinese rural policy.

EDWARD FRIEDMAN teaches Chinese Politics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S.A. Author of Ascent and Decline in the World System (Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications, 1982).

B. BILGIN, Associate Professor of Economics, University of Lethbridge, Canada. Currently working on a book, provisionally entitled Canada's Third Option Policies: TransPacific Link with Japan and Economic Implica- tions for Canada.

Pacific Affairs Vol. 55, No. 3 Fall 1982

Coercion in a Soft State: The Family- Planning Program of India Part 1: The Myth of Voluntarism Marika Vicziany 373

Technocrats and Politics in the ASEAN Countries R.S. Milne 403

The Production Responsibility System in Chinese Agriculture: Some Examples from Guangdong Graham E. Johnson 430

Grey and Black: The Hidden Anita Chan Economy of Rural China Jonathan Unger 452

The Conference to Commemorate the Seventieth Anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution Notes and Comments Diana La? 472

Book Reviews (listed overleaf) 477

Pacific Affairs (USPS 767-380) is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Road, Richmond, VA 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Virginia. Postmaster: Send address change to the William Byrd Press, P.O. Box 27481, Richmond, VA 23261.

Copyright 0 1982, University of British Columbia.

BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE

A HISTORY OF CHINESE POLITICAL THOUGHT. Volume 1: From the Beginnings to the Sixth Century A.D. By Kung-chuan Hsiao. Translated by F.W. Mote.

THE NAN-CHAO KINGDOM AND TANG CHINA'S SOUTHWESTERN FRONTIER. By Charles Backus.

SHANTUNG REBELLION. The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774. By Susan Naquin.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CHINA. Edited by Laurence J.C. Ma and Edward W. Hanten.

INTELLECTUALS AND THE STATE IN MODERN CHINA. A Narrative History. By Jerome B. Grieder.

CHINA'S INTELLECTUALS: ADVISE AND DISSENT. By Merle Goldman.

FBI XIAOTONG AND SOCIOLOGY IN REVOLUTIONARY CHINA. By R. David Arkush.

WATER MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. Edited with an Introduction by James E. Nickum.

DICTIONARY OF CHINESE LAW AND GOVERNMENT: CHINESE- ENGLISH. By Philip R. Bilancia.

CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY. The Maoist Era and Its Aftermath. By Joseph Camilleri.

CHINA, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE WEST. Strategic and Political Dimensions in the 1980s. Edited by Douglas T. Stuart and William T. Tow.

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF WAR AND PEACE. The Sino- Soviet-American Triangle and the Modern Security Problematique. By Richard K. Ashley.

THE IMPERIAL MING TOMBS. Text and photographs by Ann Paludan. Foreword by L. Carrington Goodrich.

WORKING DAUGHTERS OF HONG KONG. Filial Piety or Power in the Family? By Janet W. Salaff. With a Foreword by Kingsley Davis.

THE COMMON WELFARE. Hong Kong's Social Services. Edited by John F. Jones.

SIBERIAN DEVELOPMENT AND EAST ASIA. Threat or Promise? By Alien S. Whiting.

POWER AND CULTURE. The Japanese-American War, 1941- 1945. By Akira Iriye.

UNCONDITIONAL DEMOCRACY. Education and Politics in Occupied Japan, 1945-1952. By Toshio Nishi.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTEST AND CITIZEN POLITICS IN JAPAN. By Margaret A. McKean.

JAPANESE POLICY AND EAST ASIAN SECURITY. By Taketsugu Tsurutani.

KOREAN REGIONAL FARM PRODUCT AND INCOME: 1910-1975. By Albert Keidel, 111.

THE UNITED STATES AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA. Background for Policy. By Claude A. Buss.

ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDIA (PRE-HISTORIC AGE TO 1200 A.D.). By L.P. Sharma.

MEDIEVAL HISTORY OF INDIA (1000-1707 A.D.). By L.P. Sharma.

A NEW HISTORY OF INDIA (Second Edition). By Stanley Wolpert.

WHITE MUTINY. The Ilbert Bill Crisis in India and Genesis of the Indian National Congress. By Edwin Hirschmann.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF A SACRED TOWN. Bhubaneswar, India. Edited by Susan Seymour.

Daniel L. Overmyer 477

E.G. Pulleyblank 479

Suzuki Chvsei 48 1

G. William Sk inw 482

Ralph Croizier 485

Ralph Croizier 485

W.E. Willmott 487

Kenneth R. Walker 489

Victor Falkenheim 490

Alien S. Whiting 491

Arthur Huck 493

Arthur Huck 493

Cheng Te-Pun 495

Elisabeth Croll 496

Richard C. Nann 498

Victor L. Mote 500

Bernd Martin 501

Danald Roden 503

E. Patricia Tsurumi ,504

Wolf Mend1 506

Yunshik Chang 508

G.D. Loescher 509

Fritz Lehmunn 5 1 1

Fritz Lehmann 5 1 1

Peter Harnetty 512

Richard Cashman 5 14

Sylvia Vatuk 5 15

ENVOY TO NEHRU. By Escott Reid. THE REGIONAL IMPERATIVE. The Administration of US.

Foreign Policy Towards South Asian States Under Presidents Johnson and Nixon. By Lloyd Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, and others. With an Epilogue by Christopher Van Hollen.

INDIA'S AID DIPLOMACY IN THE THIRD WORLD. By Dewan C. Vohra.

INDIAN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE. The Deccan, 1347-1686. By Elizabeth Schotten Merklinger.

THE WINDS OF SINHALA. By Colin de Silva. NEPAL. Year of Decision. By D.P. Kumar. THE PATRON AND THE PANCA. Village Values and Pancayat

Democracy in Nepal. By Bengt-Erik Borgstrom. AFGHANISTAN. Key to a Continent. By lohn C. Griffiths. INDONESIA: AUST~ALIAN P E R S P E C T I V E ~ . E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ by James J.

Fox. Ross Garnaut. Peter McCawlev, and I.A.C. Mackie. THE MINANGKABAU RESPONSE TO DUTCH COLONIAL RULE IN

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. By Elizabeth E. Graves. MATRILINY AND MIGRATION. Evolving Minangkabau

Traditions in Indonesia. By Tsuyoshi Kato. ROAD TO EXILE. The Indonesian Nationalist Movement,

1927-1934. By John Ingleson. BURMA'S ROAD TOWARD DEVELOPMENT. Growth and Ideology

Under Military Rule. By David I. Steinberg. THAILAND. Society and Politics. By John L.S. Girling. VIETNAMESE TRADITION ON TRIAL, 1920-1945. By David G.

Marr. THE COMMUNIST ROAD TO POWER IN VIETNAM. By William J.

Duiker. VILLAGE AT WAR. An Account of Revolution in Vietnam. By

James Walker Trullinger, Jr. OF TIME AND PLACE. Essays in Honour of O.H.K. Spate.

Edited by J.N. Jennings and G.J.R. Linge. MAN AS ART: NEW GUINEA. Photographs by Malcolm Kirk.

Introduction by Andrew Strathern. SMALL HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT.

Planning and Management. Edited by Louis J. Goodman, John N. Hawkins, and Ralph N. Love

POVERTY AND FAMINES. An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. By Amartya Sen.

BRIEFLY NOTED

CHINESE PERSPECTIVES ON THE MIEN REBELLION. Edited with an Introduction by Elizabeth J. Perry.

CHINA BRIEFING, 1981. Edited by Robert B. Oxnam and Richard C. Bush.

THE JAPANESE CHALLENGE AND THE AMERICAN RESPONSE. A Symposium.

JAPAN IN ASIA, 1943-1945. Edited by William H. Newell. GOVERNMENT POLICY AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE. Korean

Experience in Industrialization. By Youngil Lim. SHAHNAMA MUNAWWAR KALAM. By Shiv Das Lakhnawi.

Translated by Syed Hasan Askari. SACRED Cows, SACRED PLACES. Origins and Survivals of

Animal Homes in India. By Deryck 0. Lodrick. INDIA'S PREFERENTIAL POLICIES. Migrants, the Middle Classes,

and Ethnic Equality. By Myron Weiner and Mary Fainsod Katzenstein, with K.V. Narayana Rao.

David Van Praagh 5 17

Christiane Hurtig

John Adams

Fritz Lehmann George Woodcock

Leo E. Rose

Leo E. Rose Milan H a u w

Martha G. Logsdon

R.H.Bams

R.H. Barnes

Paul W . van der Veur

John F. Cady 532 Charles F. Keyes 533

Edwin Moise 536

David G. Maw 538

David G. Maw 538

James A. Boutilier 540

Kenelm B u d g e 54 1

James E. Nickum 542

Mick Moore 544

Edgar Wickberg 545

William Saywell 546

Frank Langdon 547 Willard H. Elsbree 547

Paul W . Kuznets 548

Joanna Lehmann 549

Fritz Lehmann 550

John R. Wood 550

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

MARIKA VICZIANY, Lecturer in Economic History, Monash University, Australia

R.S. MILNE, Professor of Political Science, University of British Colum- bia, Canada. Author of Politics in Ethnically Bipolar States: Guyana, Malaysia, Fiji (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 198 1); co-author (with Diane K. Mauzy) of Politics and Government in Malaysia (Singapore: Times Books/Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1980).

GRAHAM E. JOHNSON, Associate Professor of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Canada. Co-author (with Elizabeth L. Johnson) of Walking on Two Legs: Rural Development in South China (Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1976), and (with E.B. Wickberg and W.E. Willmott) of From China to Canada: A History of Chinese Communities in Canada (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, forth- coming).

ANITA CHAN, Research Fellow, Center for East Asian Studies, University of Kansas, U.S.A. Author of Children of Mao: A Study of Politically Active Chinese Youths (London: Macmillan Press, forthcoming); co-author of Chen Village: The Recent History of a Peasant Community in Mao's China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).

JONATHAN UNGER, Assistant Professor of East Asian Cultures and Sociology, University of Kansas, U.S.A. Author of Education Under Mao: Class and Competition in Canton Schools, 1960-1980 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982); co-author of Chen Village: The Recent History of a Peasant Community in Mao's China (Berkeley: Univer- sity of California Press, 1983).

DIANA LARY, Associate Professor of History, York University, Canada.

Pacific Affairs Vol. 55, No. 4 Winter 1982-83

Coercion in a Soft State: The Family-Planning Program of India Part 2: The Sources of Coercion Marika Vicziany 55 7

The Role of the People's Commune Greg O'Leary in Rural Development in China Andrew Watson 593

Malaysian Development Planning David Lim 613

From Kirk to Muldoon: Change and Continuity in New Zealand's Foreign-Policy Priorities

A Pacific Community: Prospects for Canadian Participation Review Article

Book Reviews (listed overleaf)

Index to Volume 55-1982

David McCraw 640

Malcolm Smith 660

67 1

764

Pacific Affairs (USPS 767-380) is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Rd., Richmond, VA 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Virginia. Postmaster: Send address change to the William Byrd Press, P.O. Box 27481, Richmond, VA 23261.

Copyright 0 1982, University of British Columbia.

BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE

HAN CIVILIZATION. By Wang Zhongshu. Translated by K.C. Chang and Collaborators.

EARLY MING CHINA. A Political History, 1355-1435. By Edward L. Dreyer.

ACADEMIES IN MING CHINA. A Historial Essay. By John Meskill.

DISSENT IN EARLY MODERN CHINA. Ju-lin wai-shih and Ch'ing Social Criticism. By Paul S. Ropp.

THE MANDARIN-CAPITALISTS FROM NANYANG. Overseas Chinese Enterprise in the Modernization of China, 1893- 191 1. By Michael R. Godley.

MARXIST LITERARY THOUGHT IN CHINA. The Influence of Ch'u Ch'iu-pai. By Paul G. Pickowicz.

STATE-BUILDING IN MODERN CHINA. The Kuomintang in the Prewar Period. By Robert E. Bedeski.

DIE DEUTSCHE BERATERSCHAFT IN CHINA, 1927-1938. Militar-Wirtschaft-Aussenpolitik. Edited by Bernd Martin.

TRANSFORMING RUSSIA AND CHINA. Revolutionary Struggle in the Twentieth Century. By William G. Rosenberg and Marilyn B. Young.

CHINABOUND. A Fifty-Year Memoir. By John King Fairbank. PEASANT ORGANIZATION AND PEASANT INDIVIDUALISM. Land

Reform, Cooperation and the Chinese Communist Party. By Barbara P. Hazard.

GROWTH AND EQUALITY IN RURAL CHINA. By Keith Griffin and Ashwani Saith.

THE ROLE OF SENT-DOWN YOUTH IN THE CHINESE CULTURAL REVOLUTION. The Case of Guangzhou. By Stanley Rosen.

RED GUARD FACTIONALISM AND THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION IN

GUANGZHOU (CANTON). By Stanley Rosen. BEIJING STREET VOICES. The Poetry and Politics of China's

Democracy Movement. By David S.G. Goodman. MINORITIES OF SOUTHWEST CHINA. An Introduction to the Yi

(Lolo) and Related Peoples and an Annotated Bibliography. By Alain Y. Dessaint.

JAPAN BEFORE PERRY. A Short History. By Conrad Totman. OLD FRIENDS, NEW ENEMIES. The Royal Navy and the

Imperial Japanese Navy: Strategic Illusions, 1936-194 1. By Arthur J. Marder.

POLITICS AND CULTURE IN WARTIME JAPAN. By Ben-Ami Shillony.

POPULAR DISTURBANCE IN POSTWAR JAPAN. By Yoshio Sugimoto.

JAPANESE JOURNALISTS AND THEIR WORLD. By Young C. Kim. KOREANS IN JAPAN. Ethnic Conflict and Accommodation. By

Changsoo Lee and George De Vos. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION POLICY, AND

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA. By Robert Repetto, Tai Hwan Kwon, Son-Ung Kim, Dae Young Kim, John E. Sloboda, and Peter J. Donaldson.

KOREAN FAMILY AND KINSHIP STUDIES GUIDE (WITH A SECTION ON WOMEN). By Hesung Chun Koh. Assisted by Hwawon Kim Chung, Barbara Hayden, and the HRAF Korea Project Staff.

STUDIES ON KOREA. A Scholar's Guide. Edited by Han-Kyo Kim, with the assistance of Hong Kyoo Park.

THE BHAGAVADG~T~ IN THE MAHABHARATA. Text and Translation. Translated and edited by 1.A.B. van Buitenen.

THE HISTORY OF THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY IN

TRAVANCORE, 1806-1908. By R.N. Yesudas.

Richard Pearson 67 1

Edward L. Farmer 672

Pierre-Etimm Will 674

TomFisher 676

Yen Ching-hwang 678

David Holm 679

David P . Barrett 682

Diana Lary 684

Jeremy Paltiel 686 Brian L. Evans 687

Vivienne Shue 688

Eduurd B. Venneer 691

Horst F. Vetter 692

Horst F. Vetter 692

Rent Goldman 694

June Teufel Dreyer 696 Ism Soranaka 697

Kyoxo Sato 698

Peter Duw 699

J . Victor Koschmann 700 Gregory Ornutowski 702

John W . Bennett 703

Vincent H. Whitney 705

Jai Poong Ryu 708

Gregory Henderson 709

Ashok Aklujkar 71 0

Fritz Lehmann 7 1 1

BRITISH IMPERIAL POLICY IN INDIA AND SRI LANKA, 1858- 1912. A Reassessment. Edited by Robert I. Crane and N. Gerald Barrier. Edward C. Moulton 7 13

SOCIO-POLITICAL CURRENTS IN BENGAL. A Nineteenth Century Perspective. By Bhabani Bhattacharya. David Kopf 7 15

ATLAS D'UN VILLAGE INDIEN. Piparsod Madhya Pradesh. By Jean-Luc Chambard. Joseph E. Schwartderg 71 6

P~RSPECTIVES ON A REGIONAL CULTURE. Essays about the "

Coimbatore Area of South India. Edited by Brenda E.F. Beck.

SOUTH ASIAN INTELLECTUALS AND SOCIAL CHANGE. A Study of the Role of Vernacular-Speaking Intelligentsia. Edited by Yogendra K. Malik.

ECONOMICS OF THE BLACK MARKET. By S.K. Ray. PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND INDIAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY,

1960-1970. By John Toye. SISIR GUPTA. India and the International System. Edited by

M.S. Rajan and Shivaji Ganguly. JANATA'S FOREIGN POLICY. Edited by K.P. Misra. INTERNAL STRIFE AND EXTERNAL INTERVENTION. India's Role

in the Civil War in East Pakistan (Bangladesh). By Hasan- Askari Rizvi.

PAKISTAN AND AMERICA. Dependency Relations. By Ataur Rahman.

A HISTORY OF SRI LANKA. By K.M. de Silva. MEDUSA'S HAIR. An Essay on Personal Symbols and Religious

Experience. By Gananath Obeyesekere. THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND TRADE IN

THE ASEAN REGION. Edited by L.J. Fredericks and R.J.G. Wells.

ASIAN VILLAGE ECONOMY AT THE CROSSROADS. An Economic

George Kurian 720 Ashok Kotwal 721

Amiya K . Bagchi 723

Rodney W . Jones 724 Rodney W . Jones 724

Richard Sisson 726

Lawrence Ziring 728 Tissa Fernundo 730

Michael M. Ames 731

H.E. English 733

Approach to Institutional Change. By Yujiro Hayami and Masao Kikuchi. Rodolph De Koninck 735

DE ONTWIKKELING VAN DE NATIONALISTISCHE BEWEGING IN

NEDERLANDSCH-INDIE. Derde Stuk: 1928-Aug. 1933. Compiled and edited by R.C. Kwantes. Paul W . van der Veur 738

ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF IFUGAO. A Studv of Environment. Culture and Society in Northern ~ u z o n . By Harold C.

'

Conklin. FERTILITY AND KINSHIP IN THE PHILIPPINES. By Elena Yu and

William T. Liu. THE POLITICS OF FAMILY PLANNING POLICY. Thailand-A Case

of Successful Implementation. By Ronald L. Krannich and Caryl Rae Krannich.

FERTILITY DECLINE IN THE LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. Edited by Nick Eberstadt.

POPULATION GROWTH OF INDONESIA. An Analysis of Fertility and Mortality Based on the 1971 Population Census. By Lee-Jay Cho, Sam Suharto, Geoffrey McNicoll and S.G. Made Mamas.

STRAITS CHINESE SOCIETY. Studies in the Sociology of the Baba Communities of Malaysia and Singapore. By John R. Clammer.

BRITISH INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT IN MALAYSIA, 1963-1971. By Junid Saham.

POLITICAL CONFLICT IN THAILAND. Reform, Reaction, Revolution. By David Morell and Chai-anan Samudavanija.

SONS OF THE MOUNTAINS. Ethnohistory of the Vietnamese Central Hiehlands to 1954. Bv Gerald Cannon Hickev.

Joachim Voss 739

Nancy E. Waxier 740

Nancy E. Waxier 740

Nancy E. Waxier 74 1

Nancy E. Waxier 74 1

Lea E. Williams 743

Yue-man Yeung 744

John Girling 747

Alexander Woodside 748 " FREE IN THE FOREST. Ethnohistory of the Vietnamese Central

Highlands, 1954-1976. By Gerald Cannon Hickey. Alexander Woodside 748

HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF OCEANIA. Edited by Robert D. Craig and Frank P. King.

RITUALS OF MANHOOD. Male Initiation in Papua New Guinea. Edited by Gilbert H. Herdt. With an Introduction by Roger M. Keesing.

ISLANDS AND BEACHES. Discourse on a Silent Land: Marquesas, 1774-1880. By Greg Dening.

EARLY TAHITI. As the Explorers Saw It, 1767-1797. By Edwin N. Ferdon.

BOLD EXPERIMENT. The Story of Educational Television in American Samoa. By Wilbur Schramm, Lyle M. Nelson, and Mere T. Betham.

BRIEFLY NOTED

ESSAYS ON CHINESE CIVILIZATION. By Derk Bodde. Edited and introduced by Charles Le Blanc and Dorothy Borei.

CONFUCIUS. By Raymond Dawson. TREATIES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 1949-1978.

An Annotated Compilation. By Grant F. Rhode and Reid E. Whitlock.

THE POLITICAL ELITE IN JAPAN. Continuity and Change in Modernization. By Masa'aki Takane.

BANARAS. City of Light. By Diana L. Eck. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF SOUTH ASIA, 1947-80. A Guide

to Information Sources. By Richard J. Kozicki. INDEX TO SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNALS, 1975-1979. A Guide

to Articles, Book Reviews, and Composite Works. By Donald Clay Johnson.

BABAD DIPANAGARA. An Account of the Outbreak of the Java War (1825-30). Translated and edited by Peter B.R. Carey.

James A. Boutilier

John LeRq

James A. Boutilier

James A. Boutilier

John M. Flanigan

E.G. Pulleyblank Lolan Wang Grady

Douglas M. Johnston

Rob Steven Judy F. Pugh

Vzdya Nadkarni

H.E. Wilson

H.E. Wilson

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

MARIKA VICZIANY, Lecturer in Economic History, Monash University, Australia.

GREG O'LEARY, Lecturer in Sociology, South Australian College of Advanced Education. Author of The Shaping of Chinese Foreign Policy (London: Croom HelmINew York: St. Martin's Press, 1980).

ANDREW WATSON, Senior Lecturer, Centre for Asian Studies, University of Adelaide, Australia. Author of Living in China (London: Batsfordl Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman & Littlefield, 1975); editor of Mao Zedong and the Political Economy of the Border Region (Cambridge, London, and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980).

DAVID LIM, Professor, School of Modern Asian Studies, Griffith Univer- sity, Australia. Author of Capital Utilization in Manufacturing (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981); co-author (with R. M. Bautista, et al.) of Further Readings on Malaysian Economic Development (New York: Oxford University Press, forthcoming, 1983).

DAVID MCGRAW tutors in Politics at the University of Waikato, New Zealand.

MALCOLM SMITH, Professor of Law, University of British Columbia, Canada; Director of Japanese Legal Studies at the University of British Columbia, under a research programme funded by the Max Bell Foundation of Canada. Formerly, Senior Lecturer and Sub-Dean Graduate Studies, Faculty of Law, Monash University, Australia.