pacific rim myp geography unit
DESCRIPTION
Pacific Rim MYP Geography Unit. Chile. Capital: (and largest city) - Santiago Official languages: Spanish Government: Representative democracy Independence: from Spain - September 18, 1810 Area - Total 292,183 sq mi (38th) Population - June 2009 estimate16,928,873 - 60th - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Pacific Rim MYP Geography Unit
Chile
• Capital:(and largest city) - Santiago Official languages: Spanish
• Government: Representative democracy
• Independence: from Spain - September 18, 1810
• Area - Total 292,183 sq mi (38th)
• Population - June 2009 estimate16,928,873 - 60th
• Per capita: $14,529 (56th)
Peru
• Capital: (and largest city) Lima• Official languages: Spanish• Ethnic groups: 45% Amerindian
– 37% Mestizo– 15% White– 3% Black, Asian
• Government: Presidential republic
• Independence: from Spain - Declared July 28, 1821 - Consolidated December 9, 1824 - Recognized August 14, 1879
• Area - 496,225 sq mi (20th)• Population: - 30 June
2009 estimate29,132,013• Per capita: $9,223
Ecuador• Capital: Quito• Official languages: Spanish,
Quechua• Ethnic groups: 65% Mestizo,
25% Indigenous,7% Spanish or White,3% black
• Government: Presidential republic -
• Independence - from Spain August 10, 1809 - from Spain May 24, 1822 - from Gran Colombia May 13, 1830
• Area - Total (77th)98,985 sq mi
• Population: 2008 estimate13,625,000 (67th)
• Per capita: $7,785
Colombia
• Capital:(and largest city) Bogotá Official languages: Spanish
• Ethnic groups: 57% Mestizo,21% Afro-Colombian20% White1% Amerindian1% Asian
• Government:Presidential republic• Independence: From
Spain - Declared July 20, 1810 - Recognized August 7, 1819
• Area - Total (26th)440,839 sq mi
• Population - January 2010 estimate45.273.925 (29th) - Per capita: $4,400 (84th)
Panama• Capital: (and largest city)
Panama City Official languages: Spanish
• Ethnic groups: 58.1% Mestizo14% Black and Mulatto6.7% Amerindian8.6% White5.5% Asian7.1% other (2000)
• Government: Constitutional Democracy
• Independence - from Spain 28 November 1821 - from Colombia 3 November 1903
• Area - 29,157 sq mi (118th)• Population - July
2009 estimate3,360,474 (134th) - May
• Per capita: $12,503
Costa Rica• Capital: (and largest city) San José• Official languages: Spanish
Recognised regional languages Mekatelyu
• Ethnic groups: 80% Caucasian• 15% Mestizo
3% Black1% Amerindian1% Chinese
• Government: Constitutional democracy
• Independence: from Spain (via Guatemala) - Declared September 15, 1821 - Recognized by Spain May 10, 1850
• Area - Total (128th)19,652 sq mi
• Population - May 2009 estimate4,509,290 (119th) - -
• Per capita: $10,735
Nicaragua• Capital: (and largest city) Managua• Official languages: Spanish, Miskito
speaking and other minorities and english • Ethnic groups: 69% Mestizo
17% White (majority being of Spanish, English, German, Italian, or French ancestry)9% Black5% Amerindian
• Government: Presidential republic• Independence: from Spain - Declared15
September 1821 - Recognized25 July 1850 - Revolution19 July 1979
• Area: 50,193 sq mi (97th)• Population: - July
2009 estimate5,891,199 (110th)• Per capita: $1,028
Honduras
• Capital: (and largest city) Tegucigalpa
• Official languages: Spanish• Ethnic groups: 55% Mestizo
30% Amerindian10% Black5% White
• Government: Constitutional republic
• Independence - from Spain,15 September 1821 - from the Federal Republic of Central America 31 May 1838
• Area - 43,278 sq mi(102nd)
• Population - 7,810,848 (93rd) - • Per capita: $4,275
El Salvador
• Capital: (and largest city) San Salvador
• Official languages: Spanish• Ethnic groups: 90% Mestizo, 9%
White (Spanish, Italian, French, others), 1% Amerindian
• Government: Presidential republic • Independence - from Spain
September 15, 1821 - from the First Mexican Empire1823 - from the Central American Federation1842
• Area - 8,124 sq mi• Population: 5,744,113 (99th)• Per capita: $7,564
Guatemala
• Capital: (and largest city) Guatemala City
• Languages: Spanish, 22 indigenous languages
• Government: Presidential republic
• Independence: from Spain - Date15 September 1821
• Area - 42,042 (106th)Population: - 13,276,517 (68th)
• Per capita: $5,300
Mexico• Capital: (and largest city)
Mexico City Official languages: None at federal level.Spanish (de facto)
• National language Spanish, and 62 Indigenous Amerindian
• Government: Federal presidential republic
• Independence: from Spain - Declared September 16, 1810 - Recognized September 27, 1821
• Area: 761,606 sq mi (15th)• Population - 113,423,050 • Per capita: $10,212 (46th)
United States
• Capital: Washington, D.C.• Largest city: New York City• Official languages: None at
federal level National language: English (de facto)
• Government: Federal constitutional republic
• Independence: from the Kingdom of Great Britain - Declared July 4, 1776 - Recognized September 3, 1783 - Current constitution June 21, 1788
• Area 3,794,101 sq mi• Population - 308,611,000 (3rd)• Per capita: $47,440 (6th)
Canada• Capital: Ottawa• Largest city: Toronto• Official languages: English and
French• Government: Federal
parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
• Establishment - British North America Acts July 1, 1867 - Statute of Westminster December 11, 1931 - Canada Act April 17, 1982
• Area - Total (2nd)3,854,085 sq mi
• Population - 2010 estimate 33,989,000 (36th)
• Per capita: $39,098 (13th)
Russia
• Capital: (and largest city) Moscow• Official languages: Russian official
throughout the country; 27 others co-official in various regions
• Ethnic groups: Russians 79.8%, Tatars 3.8%, Ukrainians 2%, Bashkirs 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, Chechen 0.9%, Armenians 0.8%, other – 10.4%
• Government: Federal semi-presidential democratic republic
• Formation: Rurik Dynasty 862 - Kievan Rus‘ 882 - Vladimir-Suzdal Rus'1169 - Grand Duchy of Moscow 1363 - Tsardom of Russia 1547 - Russian Empire 1721 - Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 7 November 1917 - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 10 December 1922 - Russian Federation 26 December 1991
• Area: - 6,592,800 sq mi (1st)• Population: 2010 est.
141,927,297 (9th)• Per capita: $15,039 (51st)
North Korea• Capital: (and largest city) Pyongyang• Official languages: Korean• Government: Juche socialist republic,
Single-party system– Eternal President Kim Il-sung– Supreme Leader Kim Jong-il– Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong-il– President of the Presidium Kim Yong-nam– Premier Kim Yong-il– Legislature Supreme People's Assembly
• Establishment: Independence declared March 1, 1919 - Liberation August 15, 1945 - Formal declaration September 9, 1948
• Area - 46,528 sq mi (98th)• Population: - 2009 estimate23,906,000 (51
st) - • Per capita: $1,800 (189th)
South Korea• Capital: Seoul• Official languages: Korean• Government: Presidential
republic• Establishment: Founding of
Gojoseon 2333 BC - Japan’s occupation of Korea August 29, 1910 - Independence declared March 1, 1919 - Provisional Government April 13, 1919 - Liberation August 15, 1945 - Constitution July 17, 1948 - Government Proclaimed August 15, 1948
• Area: 38,622 sq mi (108th)• Population: 50,062,000 (24th)
- • Per capita: $27,692 (32nd)
China• Capital: Beijing• Largest city: Shanghai• Official languages: Standard
Mandarin• Government: People's
democratic dictatorshipSocialist state Single-party communist state
• Establishment - People's Republic of China proclaimed.1 October 1949
• Area - Total9,640,821 km2 or 9,671,018 km (3rd/4th)Population - 2010 estimate1,338,612,968 (1st)
• Per capita: $3,696 (98th)
Japan• Capital: (and largest city) Tokyo (de facto)
• Official languages: None• Recognized regional languages: Aynuitak,
Eastern Japanese, Western Japanese, Ryukyuan, and several other Japanese dialects
• Ethnic groups: 98.5% Japanese, 0.5% Korean, 0.4% Chinese, 0.6% other
• Government: Parliamentary democracy with constitutional monarchy - Emperor Akihito
• Formation - National Foundation Day February 11, 660 BC - Meiji Constitution November 29, 1890 - Current constitution May 3, 1947 - Treaty of San Francisco April 28, 1952
• Area - 145,925 sq mi (61st)Population: 2009 estimate127,530,000 (10th)
• Per capita: $34,115 (24th)
Taiwan• Capital: (and largest city) Taipei• Official languages: Standard
Mandarin Recognised regional languagesTaiwanese Hokkien (Taiwan, Penghu and Kinmen) Hakka (Taiwan)
• Government: Semi-presidential republic
• Establishment: Xinhai Revolution - Wuchang Uprising10 October 1911 - Republic established1 January 1912 - End of Japanese rule in Taiwan 25 October 1945 - Constitution 25 December 1947 - Government relocated to Taipei 7 December 1949
• Area: 13,974 sq mi (136th)• Population: 23,119,772 (50th)• Per capita: $30,881 (25th)
Vietnam• Capital: Hanoi• Largest city: Ho Chi Minh City• Official languages: Vietnamese• Government: Socialist republic
Single-party communist state• Legislature: National Assembly of
Vietnam• Formation - Đại Việt 1054 - French
annexation 1853 to 1883 - Independence from France 2 September 1945 - Reunification 30 April 1975 - Current constitution19 December 1980
• Area - 128,527 sq mi (65th)• Population - 85,789,573 (13th) • Per capita: $2,793 (129th)
Cambodia
• Capital(and largest city) Phnom Penh
• Official languages: Khmer• Government: Constitutional
monarchy,Parliamentary representative democracy
• French colonization: 1863 - Independence from France November 9, 1953 - Monarchy abolished March 18, 1970 - Monarchy restored September 24, 1993
• Area - Total 69,898 sq mi (88th)• Population - 2009 estimate14,805
,000 (67th) - • Per capita: $2,082
Thailand• Capital: (and largest city) Bangkok• Official languages: Thai• Government: Parliamentary
democracy and Constitutional monarchy - Monarchy of Thailand Bhumibol Adulyadej
• Formation - Sukhothai Kingdom 1238 - 1448 - Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351 - 1767 - Thonburi Kingdom 1768 - 1782 - Rattanakosin Kingdom 6 April 1782 - Constitutional Monarchy 24 June 1932 - Later Constitution 24 August 2007
• Area - 198,115 sq mi (50th)• Population 63,723,953 (21st)• Per capita: $8,239 (86th)
Malaysia
• Capital: Kuala Lumpur• Official languages: Malay• Ethnic groups: 54% Malay,
25% Chinese, 7.5% Indian, 11.8% other Bumiputera, 1.7% other
• Government: Federal constitutional elective monarchy and Parliamentary democracy
• Independence: - From the United Kingdom 31 August 1957
• Area: 127,354 sq mi (66th)• Per capita: $8,118 (65th)
Brunei
• Capital: (and largest city) Bandar Seri Begawan
• Official languages: Malay
• Independence: End ofBritish protectorate January 1, 1984
• Area - Total 2,226 sq mi - 172nd
• Population - 2009 estimate 388,190 – (175th)
• Per capita $50,198 (5th)
Singapore• Capital: City of Singapore• Official languages: English
(main) Malay (national) Mandarin Chinese
• Government: Parliamentary republic
• Formation - Founding 29 January 1819 - Self-government 3 June 1959 - Independence from the United Kingdom31 August 1963 - Merger with Malaysia16 September 1963 - Separation from Malaysia 9 August 1965
• Area: - 274.2 sq mi (187th)• Population: 4,987,600
(115th) - • Per capita: $56,226 (4th)
Australia
• Capital: Canberra• Largest city: Sydney• Official languages: None• National language: English• Government: Federal
parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy,
• Independence from the United Kingdom - 1 January 1901
• Area: 2,941,299 sq mi - 6th• Population: 22,140,185 - 51st
• Per capita: $36,918 (15th)
New Zealand• Capital: Wellington• Largest city: Auckland• Official languages: English
(98%), Māori (4.2%)3NZ Sign Language (0.6%)3
• Ethnic groups: 78% European/Other414.6% Māori49.2% Asian46.9% Pacific peoples
• Government: Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
• Independence: from the United Kingdom - 1st Parliament 25 May 1854
• Area: - 103,483 sq mi (74th)• Population - 2010 estimate4,3
53,907 (123rd) • Per capita: $27,083 (34)
Indonesia
• Capital: (and largest city) Jakarta
• Official languages: Indonesian
• Government: Presidential republic
• Independence: from the Netherlands - Declared17 August 1945 - Acknowledged 27 December 1949
• Area: - 735,355 sq mi(16th)Population: 240,271,522 (4th)
• Per capita: $3,980 (121st)
Timor-Leste• Capital: (and largest city) Dili• Official languages: Tetum and
Portuguese - Working languages Indonesian and English
• Government: Parliamentary republic
• Independence from Portugal, Indonesia - Established 1702 - Declared November 28, 1975 - Recognized May 20, 2002
• Area - 5,743 sq mi (159th)• Population: 1,134,000 (155th)• Per capita: $2,368
Philippines• Capital: Manila• Largest city: Quezon City• Official languages: Filipino (based on
Tagalog) , English Recognised regional languages Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray-Waray
• Optional languages: Spanish and Arabic• National language: Filipino• Government: Unitary presidential
constitutional republic• Independence: from Spain from United
States - Established April 27, 1565 - Declared June 12, 1898 - Self-government March 24, 1934 - Recognized July 4, 1946
• Area: 115,831 sq mi (72nd)• Population: - 2009 estimate91,983,000 (12
th) • Per capita: $3,515 (123rd)
Palau• Capital: Melekeok• Largest city: Koror• Official languages: English,
Palauan– Recognised
regional languages, Japanese, Angaur (in Angaur)Sonsorolese (in Sonsoral)Tobian (in Hatohobei)Carolinian, Filipino, Chinese
• Government: Democratic presidential republic
• Independence from UN Trust Territory status October 1, 1994
• Area - Total 177 sq mi (195th)• Population: 20,000 (211th) - • Per capita: $8,100 (119)
Papua New Guinea• Capital: (and largest city) Port
Moresby• Official languages: English, Tok
Pisin, Hiri Motu• Government: Federal
Constitutional Monarchy and Parliamentary Democracy
• Independence From Australia - Self-governing 1 December 1973
• Independence:16 September 1975
• Area: - Total 178,703 sq mi (54th)• Population: 6,732,000 (100th)• Per capita: $2,108
Solomon Islands
• Capital: (and largest city) Honiara
• Government: Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system
• Independence - from the UK 7 July 1978
• Area: 11,157 sq mi (142nd)
• Population - 523,000 (170th)
• Per capita $2,917
Vanuatu
• Capital: (and largest city) Port Vila
• Official languages: Bislama, English, French Government: Parliamentary republic
• Independence: from France and the UK - Date30 July 1980
• Area - 4,706 sq mi (161st)• Population: - 2009 census2
43,304• Per capita: $4,251
Nauru
• Capital: Yaren• Languages: English,
Nauruan Government: President Marcus Stephen
• Independent country - from the Australian, New Zealand, and British-administered U.N. trusteeship. January 31, 1968
• Area: 8.1 sq mi (225th)Population: 14,019 (216th)
• Per capita: $2,500 (135th - 141st)
Micronesia
• Capital: Palikir• Largest city: Kolonia• Official languages: English
(national; local languages are used at state and municipal levels)
• Government: Democratic Federated Presidential Republic
• Independence: from US-administered UN Trusteeship - Date3 November 1986
• Area: 271 sq mi (188th)• Population: 111,000 (181st) - • Per capita: $2,000 (180th)
Marshall Islands
• Capital: Majuro (Delap) • Languages: Marshallese,
English Government: Democratic Presidential Republic in Free Association with the USA - October 21, 1986
• Area: 69.8 sq mi (213th)• Population: 62,000 (205th)• Per capita: $2,900 (195th)
Fiji
• Capital: (and largest city) Suva
• Official languages: English, Bau Fijian, and Hindi
• Government: Military junta and Parlimentary Republic - Paramount Chief of Fiji Queen Elizabeth
• Independence: from the United Kingdom - Date10 October 1970
• Area - 7,056 sq mi (155th)Population - 849,000 (156th) - Per capita: $4,196
Tuvalu
• Capital: Funafuti• Official languages: Tuvaluan,
English• Government: Parliamentary
Democracy & Constitutional monarchy
• Independence - from the UK 1 October 1978
• Area - 10 sq mi (226th)• Population - July
2009 estimate12,373 (213th)• Per capita: $1,600 (2002
estimate) (148th if ranked)
Tonga• Capital:
(and largest city) Nuku alofa• Official languages: Tongan,
English• Government: Constitutional
monarchy - King George Tupou V - Prime Minister Dr. Feleti Sevele
• Independence - from British protectorate June 4, 1970
• Area - 289 sq mi (186th)• Population: 104,000 (195th)• Per capita: $5,382
American Samoa
• Capital: Pago Pago• Languages: English• Unincorporated
territory of the United States
• Area: Total76.83 sq mi - (212th)
• Population: 65,628 (196)
Samoa• Capital: (and largest city)
Apia• Official languages:
Samoan, English • Government:
Parliamentary democracy• Independence from New
Zealand - Date1 January 1962
• Area - 1,093 sq mi (174th)
• Population: 179,000 (166th) -
• Per capita $5,674