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Page 1: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

Pacific Theater:

-

Europe Theater: -

Page 2: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

Compare and contrast the government responses to the economic destitution caused in the wake of WWI and the Great Depression…

Page 3: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

– 1. independent origins in Asia and Europe

– 2. dissatisfied states on both continents

Page 4: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

– 1. Japan’s imperial ambitions of ‘20s and ‘30s

– 2. Japan more influential in Manchuria post-Russo Japanese War 1904/5• a. Japan withdraws from League of Nations after condemnation over 1931 attacks

• b. Japan leans toward German and Italian alliance by 1936

– 3. attacks on Chinese heartland in 1937

– 4. Japan feels threatened by international opinion• a. racism

• b. reliant on strategic foreign goods (esp. USA)

• c. imperialist powers controlled SE Asia

• d. USSR and communism controlled north Asia

– 5. 1940-41: Japan launches conquest of European colonies • a. Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Indonesia, Philippines)

• b. liberators “Asia for Asians”

• c. highly brutal rule

• d. Dec. 7, 1941 – attack on Pearl Harbor

– 6. Pearl Harbor joined the Asian and European theaters of war into a single global struggle

Page 5: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

– 1. Nazis promised revenge for injustices of Versailles

– 2. Britain, France and USSR appeasement

– 3. war was desirable for Nazi leadership

• a. “living space” in E. Europe

• b. rearmament in 1935

• c. 1938: annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia Germans

• d. 1939: invade Poland, begins WWII in Europe

– 4. German strategy of blitzkrieg was initially successful

– 5. Germany quickly gained control of Europe before being turned back

in May ‘45

Page 6: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

Basic Chronology

Page 7: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

II. Axis Gains [Video 1]

– 1. Japan Invades China (1931 in Manchuria)

• a. The beginning of Japanese expansion

• b. Search for raw materials

Page 8: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

II. Axis Gains [Video 2 & 3]

– 2. Invasion of Ethiopia

• a. Lasted from late 1935 to early 1936

• b. Italy invaded Ethiopia – i. Ethiopia losses but NEVER surrenders

• c. Shows ineffectiveness of League of Nations

Page 9: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

II. Axis Gains [Video 4 & 5]

– 3. German Expansion

• a. – Germany united with Austria

• b. Hitler Sudetenland (Western

Czechoslovakia)

– i. later, annexed the rest of Czechoslovakia

• c. Europe followed policies

• d. American policy was

Page 10: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

– 4. Poland

• a. Hitler’s first physical and military invasion (Sept. 1,

1939)

– splits Poland with USSR

• b. Ill-prepared with outdated technology

– SOVIET-Nazi Nonaggression Pact = HUGE

Page 11: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

• Auschwitz

Page 12: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater
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II. Axis Gains [Video 7]

– 5. France

• a. ill-conceived Maginot

Line

– Nazi’s march through

Belgium and occupy France

without any major resistance

Page 14: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater
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II. Axis Gains [Video 9]

– 6. Battle of Britain

• a. July to October in 1940, Hitler waged unrestricted total war against

the island of Great Britain known as the Blitz with his new Luftwaffe.

Page 17: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

Leaders Inspire [link to Churchill Speech]

Page 18: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

[Video 10 &11]

Page 19: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

II. Axis Gains [Video 12]

– 7. Operation Barbarossa

• a. Despite the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Hitler invaded Stalin’s Soviet

Union in June 22, 1941

• b. Though initially successful, with USSR’s resolve and the help of Mother

Winter, Hitler’s war machine began to bog down outside Moscow and

Leningrad.

» i. Stalingrad

» ii. Kursk

Page 20: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater
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II. Axis Gains [Video 13]

– 8. Pearl Harbor

• a. A surprise attack on Dec. 7, 1941

• b. Premeditated to disable US

Pacific fleet to allow Japanese to

begin war in South Pacific

• c. Heavy losses by US, slight losses

for Japan

• d. Germany declares war on US but

did not have to

– i. Isolationist feeling gone

– ii. Ally with Allies

Page 22: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater
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According to the

map below,

what do all the

labeled “dots”

represent?

Page 25: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

[Video 14]

Page 26: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

III. Allied Gains [Video 15]– Main Idea: During 1942 and 1943, the Allied Powers won several victories that began to turn

the tides of war.

Turning Points

– 1. The Big Three

• a. Winston Churchill of Britain

• b. Joseph Stalin of the USSR

• c. Franklin D. Roosevelt of the USA– i. they vehemently distrusted one another

• d. collaborated on future war strategy – decide the war in Europe must be won first

Page 27: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

III. Allied Gains [Video 16]– 2. The Battle of El Alamein in North Africa

• a. British and American forces begin pushing Axis forces back into Europe

• b. trapped Erwin Rommel’s (the Desert Fox) army

• c. Italians not holding up their end of the bargain

• d. Desert Fox and Axis forces surrender north Africa by May 1943

Page 28: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

III. Allied Gains [Video 17]– 3. The Invasion of Italy

• a. Allies chose to invade through Italy after winning north Africa

• b. Stalin had begged for the other Allies to open a second front in Europe

• c. beginning in July 1943, both the British and American forces “race” up the peninsula of Italy

• d. Italian forces are defeated after a month of fighting

• e. the Italians overthrow Il Duce / new gov’t signs an armistice

• f. Hitler forced to send more German troops to defend Italy

• g. fighting intensifies and Allies advance slowly

Page 29: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

III. Allied Gains [Video 18]– 4. The Red Army Resists

• a. Hitler launches a second Soviet offensive to the oil-rich south

• b. Battle of Stalingrad– i. one of the costliest battles of the war

– ii. Germans surround city, Russians surround the surrounding-Germans

– iii. German commander surrenders in early 1943

• c. the USSR is now on the offensive with the Nazi’s in retreat

– i. probably the single-biggest turning point of the war

Page 30: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

III. Allied Gains [Video 19 & 20]

– 5. D-Day: The Invasion of France

• a. Allied forces spend months bombing Germany

• b. June 6, 1944 Allies invade Nazi-occupied France under American Dwight D. Eisenhower

• c. largest amphibious landing and included land, sea and air elements

• c. France liberated by September

Page 31: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

III. Allied Gains [Video 21]– 6. Nazi Germany Defeat

• a. Allies now fighting “Fortress Europe” (the Nazis) on three fronts– i. USSR from east / USA & Brit. from Italy and France

• b. Dec. 1944, Battle of the Bulge in Belgium was

Germany’s last offensive– i. failed

• c. Hitler receives assassination attempts

• d. allies continue to use incendiary bombs on Germany cities– i. 135,000 Germans killed in Dresden during Feb. 1945

• e. in late April, USSR and other Allied troops shake hands on the Elbe River

• f. Hitler commits suicide in a bunker

• g. Germany surrenders on May 7, 1945; May 8th becomes V-E Day– “If the War is to be lost, the nation also will perish” - Hitler

Page 32: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

WWII: The Pacific Theater

[Video 22]

Page 33: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

WWII: The Pacific Theater• Main Idea: The war in Southeast Asia and the Pacific was very different from

that in Europe; most battles were fought at sea, on tiny islands, or in deep

jungles.

Page 34: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

IV. The Pacific Theater [Video 23]• A. Japanese Gains

o 1. Japan plans to conquer “Asia for Asians” (1920s)

o 2. invades Manchuria in 1931 for resources

• a. never completes conquest of China

o 3. attacks Pearl Harbor (USA) on Dec. 7th, 1941

• a. to prevent USA from interfering

with Japanese expansion

o 4. Japan successfully invades Philippians and other American possessions by May ‘42

• a. Bataan Death March

Page 35: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

IV. The Pacific Theater [Video 24, 25, 26 & 27] B. Allied Counterattack

1. US and Allies win Battles of , and

○ a. involve , Navy & conflicts and

i. allow Allies to use each newly captured island as a “stepping-stone”

○ b. stops the Japanese advance

2. Allies begin to and use on Japan by 1944

○ a. Japan adamantly refuses to surrender

Page 36: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater

IV. Pacific Theater [Video 28] B. Allied Counterattack

3. by mid-1945, the Allies had

○ a. but the Japanese Army had not yet been engaged

i. Japan still had an Army of over 2 million men!!!

4. Japan started using pilots

5. soldiers refused to surrender

○ a. Battles of and

○ b. heaviest casualty rate for American forces

6. American President FDR dies on April 12, 1945

○ a. replaced by Harry S. Truman

Page 37: Pacific Theater: Europe Theater