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2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 15 – Tossups

1. The nugget effect is defined as the limit of the variance as this variable approaches zero on a variogram, which plots variance as a function of this variable. In interpolation methods like IDW and kriging (KRIGG-ing), weights are typically a declining function of this variable. A geodesic is a curve that locally minimizes this quantity everywhere. This variable can be defined in a metric space, where it must satisfy the identity of indiscernibles, symmetry, and the triangle inequality. The L-one norm corresponds to the Manhattan or taxicab version of this variable. The sum of squared differences between each component of two vectors can be used to calculate this variable’s Euclidean type. For 10 points, name this kind of variable that describes how far apart things are.ANSWER: distance<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Shan Kothari>

2. This character wears a stone beetle necklace with inscriptions on the back, and he owns a globe that shows events happening in real-time and a chess set where all the pieces move as if alive. When asked to remove his pince-nez (pance-NAY) glasses, he responds “ah, no, that’s impossible.” Two people give conflicting reports of whether this character limps on his left leg or his right. This character gives a performance where he makes money rain down onto the crowd, and predicts Berlioz being decapitated before holding a ball in his apartment. He says that “manuscripts don’t burn.” This character’s followers include the “ex-choirmaster” Fagotto, the giant black cat Behemoth, and Azazello. For 10 points, name this “professor” who leads a demonic retinue through Moscow in The Master and Margarita.ANSWER: Professor Woland (voh-lahnd) [or the devil or Satan or Lucifer; prompt on Saint Peter and the Second Coming of Christ]<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by John Marvin>

3. In this year, the Touro Synagogue in Rhode Island, the oldest surviving North American synagogue, was dedicated. This year was when Colonel Henry Bouquet proposed to General Jeffrey Amherst that smallpox-infected blankets be sent to natives. The Battle of Bushy Run ended Pontiac’s Rebellion in this year. A treaty signed in this year returned Guadeloupe to France at the expense of Canada, which became British. Following the ending of the French and Indian War in this year, a controversial order was issued setting all land west of the Appalachians as “Indian Reserve.” For 10 points, name this year when a proclamation from George III restricted westward expansion in America.ANSWER: 1763 [or Proclamation of 1763]<The above question is for the category History American (pre-1865) and was written by Mike Cheyne>

4. The largest island in an archipelago owned by this country is covered in an endemic plant whose high vitamin C content made it valuable to sailors, called its eponymous “cabbage.” On that island owned by this country, the terrestrial mammal denizens consist of feral cats that feed on mistakenly-introduced rabbits. A research outpost is the only population in this country’s Kerguelen (KURR-guh-lin) Islands. Another territory of this country is home to the Kanak people, and is named New Caledonia. A South American territory of this country was converted into a penal colony after this country banned slavery, so it could keep using forced labor; that territory is home to the European Space Agency’s primary launch site and is this country’s Guiana. For 10 points, name this country that colonized the Ivory Coast, Madagascar, and Quebec.ANSWER: France [or the French Republic; or République française]<The above question is for the category Geography World and was written by John Marvin>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 15

5. Progression from this phase is inhibited by a complex of Mad1 and closed-Mad2. Shugoshin prevents premature exit from this stage by protecting the kleisin Rec8 from degradation. Phosphorylated CENP-A recruits Aurora B to a structure during this phase, where it functions as a tensiometer. Securin destruction by Cdc20-APC/C permits exit from this stage by relieving inhibition of separase, which cleaves cohesin. The spindle assembly checkpoint arrests the cell at this phase in response to unattached kinetochores, ensuring correct segregation. During this phase, sister chromatids join at centromeres and line up at a namesake “plate.” For 10 points, name this cell cycle stage between prophase and anaphase.ANSWER: metaphase [or prometaphase; or metaphase one or two; or metaphase-to-anaphase transition; prompt on mitosis, meiosis, or cell division] <The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Joelle Smart>

6. This practice is recommended but not required on the 13th, 14th, and 15th days of each lunar month. A Hadith forbids performing this practice only on a Friday without also doing it on the adjacent Thursday and Saturday. While some practices are still obligatory even in shortened form while traveling, a traveller is permitted to forgo this practice entirely. This practice is forbidden on the Eids (eeds), and healthy adults who fail to perform it must free a slave or feed sixty people. During the period when this practice is most significantly observed, adherents eat a meal before dawn called suhur and begin an evening meal called Iftar by eating a date. For 10 points, name this practice that Muslims observe during Ramadan, which is the fourth pillar of Islam.ANSWER: fasting [or Sawm; or Siyām; or Rūzeh; or equivalents such as abstaining from food and drink]<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>

7. A painting by this man showing Judas betraying Christ with a kiss was thought for centuries to be a copy by Gerard van Honthorst, and was identified as the missing original in 1987 after being recovered from the Dublin Jesuit House. This painter of The Taking of Christ depicted an angel holding the title man in brown robes in his St. Francis in Ecstasy, and painted the old maid Abra looking on intensely as a Babylonian general is killed in his version of Judith Beheading Holofernes. One of this man’s paintings shows an open window above a group of men in anachronistic dress as Jesus points at one of them. For 10 points, name this artist who used dramatic chiaroscuro (KYAH-ro-SKOO-ro) in paintings such as The Conversion of St. Paul and The Calling of St. Matthew.ANSWER: Caravaggio (kah-rah-VAH-joh) [Michelangelo Merisi Michele Angelo Amerigi da Caravaggio]<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>

8. An edict announcing a campaign named for these objects proposed that they made the collection of rent more difficult and claimed that an event named for these objects was aimed at “the compassionate concern for the well-being of the farms.” During an event named for this kind of object, a plan was announced to create an enormous statue of the Buddha at the Asuka-dera monastery using rivets and bolts made out of these objects. The Haitōrei (high-TOH-ray) Edict prohibited the public display of these objects in 1876. An earlier action named for this kind of object was particularly designed to prevent a re-emergence of the sōhei (SO-hay) or another incident like the Ikkō-ikki (eek-KOH-eek-KEE) uprising. In 1588, Toyotomi Hideyoshi announced a “hunt” of, for 10 points, what weapons whose Japanese forms include the wakizashi (wah-kee-ZAH-shee) and katana?ANSWER: swords<The above question is for the category History World and was written by Penelope Ashe>


9. In the last novel to feature this character, he marries the wealthy Linda Loring and lives in a mansion in the resort town of Poodle Springs. At the end of another novel, this character recognizes that a Mexican man is actually his old acquaintance Terry Lennox, who underwent plastic surgery. In the first novel featuring this character, General Sternwood requests that he stop his daughter’s blackmailer. Some editions of the collection The Simple Art of Murder change the names of the stories’ protagonists to feature this character. This man’s office is on Hollywood Boulevard, according to the book Farewell, My Lovely. For 10 points, name this protagonist of such novels as The Long Goodbye and The Big Sleep, who is a Raymond Chandler-created private detective.ANSWER: Philip Marlowe [or Marlowe]<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Mike Cheyne>

10. An artist from this country created a sculpture resembling a tree trunk made from wood salvaged from ancient temples, whose cross-section is a map of this country. In 2017, that artist from this country created a large black boat for a piece based on his experiences visiting refugee camps called Law of the Journey. Another artist from this country created an elaborate print edition in the style of an earlier era of this country’s culture where all the writing is meaningless, his Book from the Sky. That artist from this country came to prominence after a performance captured in three photographs where he dropped an ancient urn and let it break; for another piece, he created 100 million hand-painted ceramic pieces for his 2010 sculpture Sunflower Seeds. For 10 points, name this home to Xu Bing (shyoo beeng) and Ai Weiwei.ANSWER: People’s Republic of China [or Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó]<The above question is for the category Arts Misc Arts and was written by John Marvin>

11. This poem describes two characters in bed together as “Like two pigeons in one nest / Folded in each other’s wings” and “Like two wands of ivory / Tipp’d with gold for awful kings.” A character in this poem mentions a grave where “to this day no grass will grow” in a moralizing tale. When a character in this poem says “I have no coin; / To take were to purloin,” she is answered “You have much gold upon your head.” The title characters of this poem are described “hobbling down the glen” as one character asks “Who knows upon what soil they fed / Their hungry thirsty roots?” This poem begins by describing the “cry” heard “morning and evening:” “Come buy our orchard fruits, / Come buy, come buy.” For 10 points, name this poem in which Lizzie and Laura resist the persistent title creatures, by Christina Rossetti.ANSWER: “Goblin Market”<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by John Marvin>

12. Two mythical animals in this type of location were instructed to eat only garlic and mugwort for the duration of one hundred days. One of these locations has three windows and was the “house of production” for the Ayar Brothers; that type of this place was Pacaritambo in Incan creation myth. A medieval legend tells of a group of Christians near Antioch who were prevented from leaving this type of location on the orders of the Roman emperor Decius. In Korean myth, a bear was turned into the first human after spending time in this type of location, which is where the Seven Sleepers resided. A provocative dance lured Amaterasu from this type of location, where her seclusion caused the world to be deprived of light. For 10 points, name these dark locations where ancient rituals were performed underground.ANSWER: caves<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Kurtis Droge>


13. The surface of some of these materials contains helical Dirac fermions, which may have applications in spintronics. Despite having an odd number of electrons per unit cell, some substances with sufficiently strong correlation effects such as nickel oxide can serve as these materials. Materials that serve as these things internally but not on their surface are termed “topological,” while another class of these materials is named for Mott. Gases stop working as these materials at a point that can be found via Paschen’s law, which in general is called the breakdown voltage. For 10 points, name these materials that generally have large band gaps and allow minimal electric current, in contrast to conductors.ANSWER: insulator [or Mott insulator; or topological insulator]<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Tim Morrison>

14. This poet’s extensive two-volume biography of John Keats, which is detailed enough to include a daily chronology of Keats’s life, was said by Winfield Townley Scott to have been such an exhausting project that it “certainly killed” her. This poet wrote the line “For the man who should loose me is dead, Fighting with the Duke in Flanders” in a poem that begins “I walk down the garden paths.” This poet demonstrated her “polyphonic prose” in Can Grande’s Castle. She imitated an earlier family member by writing A Critical Fable. She met Ezra Pound and changed her style shortly after completing A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass. For 10 points, name this American poet who became the leader of the Imagists.ANSWER: Amy Lowell [prompt on Lowell]<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Penelope Ashe>

15. This event is the subject of Erik Larson’s Dead Wake. Winsor McCay made the earliest surviving animated documentary, which is about this event. The Defence of the Realm Act was amended after this event in order to prevent discussion of items such as four million Remington cartridges that were lost during it. Robert Lansing became Secretary of State after the second of three notes of protest issued in response to this event. Many victims of this event were buried in Queenstown whose continued use of deciphered code was a cause of this event. This event took place during a journey from New York to Liverpool under the command of Captain Turner and was orchestrated by Walter Schwieger from aboard the U-20. For 10 points, name this 1915 event in which a Cunard liner was sunk off the coast of Kinsale by a German U-boat.ANSWER: sinking of the RMS Lusitania<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Daoud Jackson>

16. One type of these entities are photo-ionized during atomic vapor laser separation. Compounds that contain these entities can be separated by circulating hydrogen sulfide gas in the Geib–Spevack process. ICAT involves incorporation of d0 and d8 ones of these things in proteins. Enzymatic mechanisms can be elucidated by incorporating these entities into substrates at sites where bonds are broken in order to measure their namesake “kinetic effect.” These entities namesake “ratio mass” spectrometry can be used to calculate their relative abundance, which is plotted on an isochron (ICE-oh-KRON) as a calibrator for some forms of radiometric dating. For 10 points, name these elements that possess different number of neutrons but the same atomic number.ANSWER: isotopes [or radioactive isotopes; accept kinetic isotope effect; accept specific types of isotopes such as hydrogen isotopes or deuterium or uranium-238]<The above question is for the category Science Chemistry and was written by Paul Lee>


17. A person who is a member by marriage of this family wrote a book about the contemporary implications of classical philosophy, Plato at the Googleplex, and the biographies Incompleteness, about Kurt Gödel, and Betraying Spinoza. A member of this family explored the virtues of offline social interaction in The Village Effect and argued against discrimination being the major driver of gender gaps in employment in the book The Sexual Paradox. Another member of this family wrote the study of irregular verb acquisition, Words and Rules, and discussed the “five inner demons” in a book arguing that violence has decreased over time, The Better Angels. For 10 points, name this family that includes a man who argues against the “blank slate” theory of human nature and in favor of a non-evolutionary language instinct, the Harvard psychologist Steven.ANSWER: Pinker family [or Steven Pinker; or Susan Pinker] [The first clue refers to Rebecca Goldstein, who is Steven Pinker’s wife.]<The above question is for the category Social Science Psychology and was written by Penelope Ashe>

18. In a Euripides play about these beings, they live in Mount Etna, and in another one of his plays Apollo kills these creatures as revenge for Asclepius’s death. These creatures legendarily built the walls of Tiryns, and they developed Hades’s invisibility helmet, Artemis’s moonlight bow and arrow, Poseidon’s trident, and Zeus’s lightning bolts. Theocritus wrote a poem about one of these beings’ desire for Galatea. Hesiod describes them as the sons of Uranus and Gaia, and mentions three by name: Brontes, Steropes, and Arges. Homer says they are the sons of Poseidon, one of which says his name is “nobody,” and Odysseus tricks that one, named Polyphemus. For 10 points, name these giants from Greek myth with only a single eye.ANSWER: Cyclops [or Cyclopes]<The above question is for the category RMP Greek/Roman Myth and was written by John Marvin>

19. This city hosted the 1884 World’s Fair, which had severe financial problems because State Treasurer Edmund A. Burke embezzled most of the budget before fleeing to Honduras. After this city’s Chief of Police David Hennessy was shot, a mob lynched eleven Italian-Americans. After a disputed election between John McEnery and William Pitt Kellogg, the White League wrested control of this city in the Battle of Liberty Place to depose the Republican governor. The first African-American governor in the US was a politician from this city, P. B. S. Pinchback. A test case challenging the Separate Car Act began in this city after an “octoroon” boarded a “whites only” car, culminating in Plessy v. Ferguson. For 10 points, name this port that once exported huge quantities of cotton from Louisiana.ANSWER: New Orleans<The above question is for the category History American (1865-1945) and was written by Nitin Rao>

20. He’s not Beethoven, but an edition of this composer’s music ends with another composer’s essay about the fugue movement from the Hammerklavier sonata. That edition distinguished two ways of adapting this composer’s music: Bearbeitung (buh-AR-bye-toong) and Übertragung (oo-buh-TRAH-goong). Zoltán Kodály (ZOHL-tahn KOH-dye) made a viola arrangement of this composer’s Chromatic Fantasy. Ferruccio Busoni (fair-ROO-choh boo-ZOH-nee) published a multi-volume edition of his work. August Wilhelmj (vill-HELL-mee) arranged an air from one of this composer’s orchestral suites into a piece to be played on the violin’s lowest string. This man’s Clavier-Übung (kla-VEER-oo-boong) volumes, which included harpsichord pieces such as the Italian Concerto, contained many of his best-known pieces before Felix Mendelssohn led a revival of his St. Matthew Passion. For 10 points, name this composer of Toccata and Fugue in D minor.ANSWER: Johann Sebastian Bach<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by Shan Kothari>


Extra. Activated microwave-expanded graphite oxide has been mooted as a material for producing parts of these devices. A type of qubit which is formed by a superconducting island between one of these devices and a Josephson junction has its state determined by the number of Cooper pairs which have tunneled across the junction. The classical Coulomb blockade arises due to the small value at tunnel junctions of a quantity named for these devices. A diaphragm in a condenser microphone acts as a part of one of these devices. One of these devices is connected in parallel with a resistor in an RLC circuit. In these devices’ simplest form they comprise two parallel plates separated by a dielectric. For 10 points, name these circuit components whose ability to store charge is measured in farads.ANSWER: capacitors [or supercapacitors]<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Ewan MacAulay>


2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 15 – Bonuses

1. This painting, whose background shows a bridge over a stream and a lightning bolt in the sky, has been called the first landscape in Western art. For 10 points each:[10] Name this scene whose foreground shows a near-nude woman traditionally called a “Gypsy” nursing an infant on the right, and a “soldier” with a staff standing on the left.ANSWER: The Tempest [or La Tempesta][10] This artist painted The Tempest, a portrait of a young bride named Laura, and a Sleeping Venus.ANSWER: Giorgione (jor-JOH-nay) [or Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco][10] Giorgione was from this city whose eponymous school included Veronese (ver-oh-NAY-zay) and Bellini. Today, much of their art is in the Galleria dell’Accademia on this city’s Grand Canal.ANSWER: Venice [or Venezia; or Venesia]<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>

2. Steam distillation works because water and an organic compound typically share this relationship. For 10 points each:[10] Name this relationship of liquids that do not mix with each other. Organic and aqueous solvents typically have this relationship and will form layers when mixed.ANSWER: immiscible [or not miscible; or immiscibility][10] Since each liquid in an immiscible mixture evaporates separately, you can apply this law to calculate the total vapor pressure from the characteristic vapor pressures of each liquid.ANSWER: Dalton’s law of partial pressures[10] If a solute is added to a mixture of two immiscible solvents, the solute is divided into each fraction according to a distribution law named for this scientist. This scientist’s namesake heat theorem is the third law of thermodynamics.ANSWER: Walther Hermann Nernst<The above question is for the category Science Chemistry and was written by Paul Lee>

3. This text cites the now-lost “books of the annals” of its title post, along with the “book of the Acts of Solomon.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this book, now split into two parts, that documents the title rulers of the united and divided states of Israel.ANSWER: Book of Kings [or First Kings and Second Kings; or 1 Kings and 2 Kings; or answers like “1st and 2nd Kings”; or Melakhim][10] Kings displays a historiographical agenda, judging the success of monarchs by their devotion to the Jerusalem temple cult; thus, kings of Judah are judged by whether they eliminated these locations, including Asherah Poles. They share their name with the platform from which the Torah is read in modern synagogues. ANSWER: high places [or bamah; or bamot; or bimah][10] That agenda is clear from Kings’s treatment of Jeroboam II and this king, who reigned between Zimri and Ahab. Despite archaeological evidence that this king greatly expanded the kingdom’s territory and founded a widely-recognized dynasty, he is quickly passed over by Kings.ANSWER: Omri<The above question is for the category RMP Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>


4. Robert Heilbroner’s The Worldly Philosophers is a qualitative book of this type. For 10 points each:[10] Wendy Carlin’s CORE project seeks to create a free replacement for what type of instructional book, whose standard repertoire includes instances by Daron Acemoğlu (dah-ROAN ah-jem-OH-loo) and Paul Samuelson?ANSWER: economics textbook [or macroeconomics textbook; or microeconomics textbook; prompt on textbook][10] The most widely assigned economics textbook in contemporary American universities is Principles of Economics by this Harvard professor and chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers to George W. Bush.ANSWER: Greg Mankiw (MAN-kyoo) [Nicholas Gregory Mankiw][10] Mankiw and his textbook are usually identified as belonging to this school of macroeconomic thought, which improves upon the mainstream view of 20th-century economics to account for imperfect competition and the stickiness of prices and wages.ANSWER: New Keynesianism [do not accept or prompt on “Keynesianism”]<The above question is for the category Social Science Economics and was written by Penelope Ashe>

5. This author died of heart failure while in prison, with his memoir being passed on to an editor by lawyer C. C. Clark. For 10 points each:[10] Name this pseudonymous author of The Confession of a White Widowed Male, which was edited into another text by John Ray, Jr. That memoir begins by describing this man’s Parisian childhood and eventual move to the US to work on perfume advertisements.ANSWER: Humbert Humbert[10] Humbert Humbert is sexually attracted to young “nymphets” in this Vladimir Nabokov novel.ANSWER: Lolita[10] Humbert is especially attracted to a girl he refers to as Lolita, who is the daughter of this New England widow. This woman loves Humbert until she discovers his attraction to Lolita, but is killed in a car accident before she can tell anyone.ANSWER: Charlotte Haze [prompt on Haze]<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Mike Cheyne>

6. A set X is “shaped like” one of these things if it contains a point such that the line between that point and any other point in the set X lies completely in X. For 10 points each:[10] Name this shape. A combinatorial trick to find how many ways a set of k non-negative integers can sum to n is named for “bars” and these shapes.ANSWER: star [or “stars and bars”; or star-shaped][10] For a vector space V, the Hodge star operator is a bijection between the kth and n-minus-kth exterior powers of V, where n is this value for V. This is the number of vectors needed to fill out a basis for V. ANSWER: dimension [or dimension of the vector space; or dim][10] For functions f and g, this operation is typically written f star g. The output of this operation is the integral of f-of-y times g-of-x minus y dy.ANSWER: convolution<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Tim Morrison>


7. Arguments over this case were reportedly so arduous that Justice Charles Evans Whittaker had a nervous breakdown and recused himself before retiring a few months later. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1962 Court case that overturned Coleville v. Green by deciding that redistricting was not a political question. This case developed the “one person, one vote” standard for legislative apportionment.ANSWER: Baker v. Carr [or Baker v. Carr][10] This liberal Eisenhower appointee authored the majority opinion in Baker and developed the standard of “actual malice” in libel cases.ANSWER: William Joseph Brennan, Jr.[10] Baker arose from malapportionment in this state’s legislature. This state’s Butler Act led to the Scopes Trial in its town of Dayton.ANSWER: Tennessee<The above question is for the category History American (1945-present) and was written by Nitin Rao>

8. This photographer’s 99 Cent II Diptychon (DIP-tih-kon) shows a hyper-saturated supermarket with sprawling, garishly-colored shelves. For 10 points each:[10] Name this German photographer who edits his photos to create repetitive patterns and surreal expanded landscapes. His photograph depicting an austere river is the most expensive photograph ever sold at auction.ANSWER: Andreas Gursky[10] That picture depicts this German and is numbered “II”; Gursky’s editing removed the large factories on the horizon. Together with the Ruhr, it runs through an industrial polycentric metropolitan area.ANSWER: Rhine River[10] Until 2014, this other photographer’s self-portrait Untitled #96, depicting her in an orange outfit lying on the floor holding a crumpled piece of paper, was the second most expensive photo ever sold. Her early work’s use of blackface has recently become the cause of critical controversy.ANSWER: Cindy Sherman<The above question is for the category Arts Photography and was written by John Marvin>

9. Answer the following about the legal career of federal judge Irving Kaufman, for 10 points each.[10] Kaufman was the judge in the 1951 trial of this couple for passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. He proclaimed their crime was “worse than murder” after their conviction.ANSWER: the Rosenbergs [or Julius and Ethel Rosenberg][10] This man, who served as a prosecutor in the case, said he personally advised Kaufman to impose the death penalty on the Rosenbergs. He also served as Joseph McCarthy’s chief counsel and represented Donald Trump during the businessman’s early career.ANSWER: Roy Cohn [Roy Marcus Cohn][10] Kaufman ruled in favor of the publisher of Mad Magazine in an important 1964 case establishing that parodies of copyrighted works fell under “fair use” guidelines. The suit against Mad was primarily brought by this writer, who objected to parodies of his songs such as “A Pretty Girl is Like a Melody.”ANSWER: Irving Berlin [or Israel Beilin; accept Berlin v. E.C. Publications , Inc.]<The above question is for the category History American (1945-present) and was written by Mike Cheyne>


10. This character was fruitlessly pursued by Widow Wadman for eleven years before he realizes her attraction to him. For 10 points each:[10] Name this character whose injury at the Siege of Namur led him to his hobby of rebuilding the battle’s fortifications in his garden with his servant Trim. When provoked by his brother Walter, he would whistle “Lillibullero,” which his nephew described as an “Argumentum Fistulatorium.”ANSWER: Captain Toby Shandy [or Uncle Toby Shandy; prompt on Shandy][10] Toby is the uncle of Tristram Shandy, the protagonist of a book by this writer.ANSWER: Laurence Sterne[10] In Tristram Shandy, these three words are inscribed on the grave-marker of a parson and are followed in the text by a solid black page. In a Shakespeare play, these words are followed by “I knew him… a fellow of infinite jest.”ANSWER: “Alas, poor Yorick!”<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Shan Kothari>

11. Frederic Rzewski’s (SHEF-ski’s) piece The People United Will Never Be Defeated is in this form. For 10 points each:[10] Name this form in which a theme, usually presented at the beginning, is repeated in a series of altered forms. Passacaglias (pah-sah-CALL-yahs) and chaconnes (shah-KUNS) are subtypes of this form.ANSWER: variations [or variation sets; or theme and variations][10] The People United Will Never Be Defeated was inspired by this set of 33 variations by Beethoven on a rather banal waltz by another composer. While this piece is mostly in C major, its 32nd variation is a triple fugue in E-flat major.ANSWER: Diabelli Variations [or 33 Variations on a waltz by Anton Diabelli; prompt on Opus 120][10] The theme of The People United Will Never Be Defeated is based on a socialist anthem by Sergio Ortega and Quilapayún (KEE-lah-pah-YOON), who, alongside Violeta Parra and Victor Jara (HAH-rah), were part of this country’s nueva canción (n’WAY-vah kon-see-OWN) movement.ANSWER: Chile<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by Shan Kothari>

12. Fenofibrates result in increased beta oxidation and proliferation of these organelles. For 10 points each:[10] Name this organelle that breaks down very long chain fatty acids.ANSWER: peroxisomes[10] The peroxisome must break down very long chain fatty acids because those are too large for this other organelle to break them down by beta-oxidation. This organelle is the powerhouse of the cell.ANSWER: mitochondria [or mitochondrion][10] Transport into peroxisomes occurs via a series of proteins whose names are made of these three letters, plus a number. Mutations in some of these proteins cause Zellweger’s syndrome.ANSWER: PEX<The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Eric Mukherjee>


13. Ghiselin and Hull have argued that biological species are individuals rather than these things. For 10 points each:[10] Name these kinds of groupings that reflect the structure of the world outside the human mind. Their name was coined in a 1969 paper by Willard van Orman Quine. Philosophers debate whether sets such as “objects that are white” count as this sort of grouping.ANSWER: natural kinds [prompt on kinds][10] John Stuart Mill introduced his earlier notion of “kinds” as an aid in this type of reasoning. Nelson Goodman’s grue paradox was a “new riddle” of this kind of reasoning.ANSWER: induction [or word forms][10] Although Quine agreed to the inductive value of natural kinds, he denied that they have essences and rejected this Greek philosopher’s distinction between essence and accident, as expressed in his Metaphysics.ANSWER: Aristotle<The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy and was written by Shan Kothari>

14. This map includes the first compass rose ever depicted on a map, though it is meant to be read with north at the bottom. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1375 map of the known world by Cresques Abraham (KRESS-kuss uv-ruh-AHM), a member of the Majorcan cartographic school. This map depicts Mansa Musa holding a golden scepter and nugget in one corner.ANSWER: Catalan Atlas [or Atles català][10] This Flemish cartographer helpfully mapped constant bearing sailing courses to straight lines on his 1569 world map. This man’s namesake projection notoriously distorts the size of Greenland and Africa.ANSWER: Gerardus Mercator [or Geert de Kremer][10] This Jesuit missionary drafted a map known as the “Impossible Black Tulip” at the request of the Wanli Emperor. This man was the first European to discover the Kaifeng (kye-FUNG) Jews.ANSWER: Matteo Ricci<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Nitin Rao>

15. In this novel, a man first lays eyes on his mistress when he sees her eating a raw egg in a stairwell as he is going to visit the sickly Mr. Estupiña (ess-too-PEEN-yah). For 10 points each:[10] Name this realist novel by Benito Pérez Galdós which describes the relationship of Juanito with his two “wives” of differing classes.ANSWER: Fortunata and Jacinta [or Fortunata y Jacinta][10] Fortunata and Jacinta is mostly set in this capital city. At the end of another novel, Jake finds Brett in this city, where she has been abandoned by Romero.ANSWER: Madrid[10] In Pérez Galdós’s novel Marianela, tragedy ensues after a man is cured of this condition. In a 1995 novel, the “doctor’s wife” is the only person not suddenly struck by this condition.ANSWER: blindness<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by Daoud Jackson>

16. This character was given pills that allowed him to avoid all hunger and sickness and bestowed the power of flight, as a reward for his religious virtue. For 10 points each:[10] Name this disciple of Laozi (LAO-tsuh) who dispenses cures from his magical gourd.ANSWER: Iron-Crutch Li [or Li Tieguai; prompt on Li][10] Iron-Crutch Li is a member of this group of Daoist folk heroes who live in the Bohai (BO-high) Sea.ANSWER: Eight Immortals [or Bāxiān][10] Iron-Crutch Li inhabited the body of an ugly beggar after his disciple Li Qing (ching) performed this action too soon during Iron-Crutch Li’s visit to heaven.ANSWER: burned his body [or cremated him]<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Penelope Ashe>


17. One scientist names a “string” between two magnetic monopoles, for which the fact that its position is not observable implies this condition. For 10 points each:[10] Name this condition in physics. Its eponymous creator showed in 1931 that if any magnetic monopoles exist in the universe, this condition must hold. ANSWER: Dirac quantization condition [prompt on charge being quantized or similar answers][10] The equation “div B equals zero” predicts that magnetic monopoles cannot exist. That law is one of this Scottish scientist’s four equations that fully describes classical electromagnetism.ANSWER: James Clerk Maxwell[10] Dirac explained his condition by defining two values for this quantity on the “northern” and “southern” hemispheres of a monopole. Its curl gives the magnetic field. ANSWER: magnetic vector potential [prompt on partial answer]<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Joseph Krol>

18. This character has his armpit hairs plucked one by one. For 10 points each:[10] Name this chieftain, the father of 63 children at the age of 62, whose main wife is Sadiku and who pursues the young Sidi.ANSWER: Baroka [prompt on, but DO NOT REVEAL, the lion][10] Baroka is the title “animal” of this play. He competes with the Western-educated teacher Lakunle to marry the aforementioned beautiful woman, who he ultimately adds to his harem.ANSWER: The Lion and the Jewel[10] The Lion and the Jewel was written by this Nigerian Nobel laureate, the author of Death and the King’s Horseman.ANSWER: Wole Soyinka (WALL-ay SHOW-ying-ka) [or Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde Soyinka]<The above question is for the category Literature World and was written by John Marvin>

19. The title character of this book gets married at a ceremony officiated by the lesbian cat Pajama. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 2018 children’s book by Jill Twiss written as a satirical attack on the current Vice President. It has a title and cover intentionally similar to a book by June Pence that debuted one day after this book.ANSWER: (Last Week Tonight with John Oliver Presents) A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo[10] In its debut week, A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo overtook this memoir by James Comey as the top-selling book on Amazon. The title of this book refers to Comey’s refusal of one of Donald Trump’s personal demands.ANSWER: A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership[10] During promotion for June Pence’s book, the real Marlon Bundo was brought to an event hosted by this highly conservative organization founded by James Dobson. It organizes anti-LGBT student activism as part of its annual “Day of Dialogue.”ANSWER: Focus on the Family [or FotF]<The above question is for the category Current Events US and was written by Danny Vopava>


20. Malik Ambar was brought as a habshi slave to India from southern Ethiopia and served as chief minister of the state of Ahmadnagar. For 10 points each:[10] Malik Ambar has been suggested as the first ruler to use these weapons in conflict during Ahmadnagar’s war with the Mughals.ANSWER: rockets[10] Malik Ambar used guerilla tactics or bargi-giri against this Mughal emperor and his son Jahangir during their conquests of Deccan. Malik Ambar’s tactics were later used by Shivaji against this “great” emperor’s grandson Aurangzeb.ANSWER: Akbar[10] Malik Ambar created the khair-e-jari, one of these things, in India, as part of his nahr system for Aurangabad. Malik Ambar’s system may have been inspired by the Persian system of qanats.ANSWER: aqueducts [or watercourses; or irrigation channels; or water distribution channels]<The above question is for the category History World and was written by Daoud Jackson>

Extra. In the 16th century, the so-called Price Revolution took place in Europe as the amount of precious metals available caused high inflation. For 10 points each:[10] One potential cause of the price revolution was the discovery of large amounts of this precious metal at Joachimsthal (YO-ah-kimz-TALL). The English word “dollar” initially meant coins made from this material from Joachimsthal, called the Thaler (TALL-er).ANSWER: silver[10] Martín de Azpilcueta (az-peel-KWAY-tah), a thinker from this kingdom, was one of the first to notice the effect of specie imports on currency value. Azpilicueta’s close relative Francis Xavier was wounded defending this kingdom from invasion by Ferdinand II of Castille.ANSWER: Navarre [or Navarra; or Nafarroa][10] Jean de Malestroit (mal-ess-TWAH) claimed that one reason why inflation was higher in this country than others was because of its “Great Debasement,” in which the testoon was secretly released after a silver shortage.ANSWER: England [do not accept or prompt on “United Kingdom” or “UK” or “Great Britain”]<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Daoud Jackson>


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