Packet 3OBJ 10 Study Guide-Classification Keys____ 1. An organism like the one shown in the picture below is caught in a net.

Using the classification key above, identify the organism’s class.a. Class Chondrichthyes b. Class Mammalia c. Class Insecta

____ 2. Examine the following classification table.

Trait Flowering Plants Ferns Conifer

sHave true leaves, stems, and roots Yes Yes Yes

Are often found in dry places Yes No YesHave sharp, needle-like leaves Some species No Yes

Seeds develop in a cone No No YesSeeds are enclosed in a fruit Yes No No

Which characteristics would absolutely identify a flowering plant and eliminate the other species?a. Its seeds are often developed in a cone.b. It has true leaves, stems, and roots.c. The seeds are enclosed in a fruit.

____ 3. Examine the classification table shown below.

Which is an example of a non-segmented worm with no body cavity?a. leeches b. Earthworms c. Tapeworms

4. A fish and a classfication key are shown below

According to the dichotomous key, which fish is pictured?a. yellow perch b. lantern fish c. smallmouth bass

5. A certain species does not produce spores, lives on land, and produces seeds in fruit.

Read the description above the table. Which of the following traits must also be true about the species?a. It lives entirely in waterb. It produces seeds in conesc. It has true roots, stems, and leaves

____ 6. Dichotomous Key of Chlorophyll-Containing Organisms.

#1 a. This organism is not a plant. (algae)b. This organism is a plant. (go to step 2)

#2 a. This plant does not have vascular tissue. (go to step 3)b. This plant has vascular tissue. (go to step 4)

#3 a. The spore-producing capsule opens by splitting lengthwise.

(liverworts)

b. The spore-producing capsule releases spores through the capsule tip.

(mosses)

#4 a. This plant does not produce seeds. (go to step 5)b. This plant produces seeds. (go to step 7)

#5 a. This plant has hollow stems containing silica. (horsetails)b. This plant does not have hollow stems containing silica.

(go to step 6)

#6 a. This plant produces on the underside of its fronds. (ferns)

b. This plant produces spores in cone-like tips (club mosses)#7 a. This plant does not produce flowers. (gymnosperms)

b. This plant produces flowers. (angiosperms)

Use this dichotomous key to determine which of the following choices defines a club moss.a. Club mosses are vascular plants that don’t form seeds. They produce

spores in cone-like tips.b. Club mosses are plants that reproduce using seeds that grow in cone-

like structures.c. Club mosses are plants that produce spores inside of their flowers.

____ 7. A picture of a fungus and a classification key are shown below.

Based on the classification key above, which fungus is shown?a. turkey tail b. golden chanterelle c.

8. Students on a field trip visited a farm. The teacher gave the students a classification key to help them identify some of the farm animals.

The students observed a furry animal with four legs. The animal had hoofed feet and no horns. According to the key, which animal did the students find?a. Anas platyrhynchos b. Equus ferus

caballusc. Bos taurus

9. A classification flow chart is shown below.

To what class does the organism belong?a. Trematoda b. Cestoda c. Gastropoda

10. An organism and a classification key are shown below.

Based on the key above, what organism is shown?a. centipede b. earthworm c. water penny

OBJ 11 Study Guide-Adaptations____ 1. In the savannas of East Africa, trees are scarce and their leaves are up high

in the tallest branches. Many plant eating animals compete to eat the best leaves on these trees.

Trees of the African Savanna

Which adaptation would most likely help a population of ground-dwelling organisms survive in this environment?a. long necks and tall legsb. brightly colored feathers and webbed feetc. light colored fur and layers of blubber

____ 2.Some birds such as hummingbirds take nectar from flowers for food.

Hummingbirds

Select one significant structural adaptation possessed by hummingbirds.a. These birds often hover in place by beating their wings very fast.b. Hummingbirds have long-thin beaks that they insert into flowers to get

nectar.c. These birds have large talons that they use to capture prey to eat.

3. Snakes have adapted to many different environments on planet Earth. The Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake, for instance, is found throughout the South-Eastern United States.

Eastern Diamond RattlesnakeCrotalus adamanteus

Identify one key structural adaptations possessed by rattlesnakes.a. Serpents such as this will lie on warm rocks that have been heated by

the sun. b. These snakes will coil themselves up when frightened. c. These snakes have rattles on their tails to warn away predators.

4.A young crocodile is basking in the warm sunlight.

How is this an example of a behavioral adaptation? a. The reptile is using solar radiation to heat up its body to allowing it to

move faster.b. Crocodiles can hold their breath under water for long periods of time.c. The crocodile has a powerful jaw, hard bony scales on its back, and a

strong tail.

5.

Closely examine the pictures of the animal shown below.Cheetah

(Acinonyx jubatus)

Identify two structural adaptations possessed by this animal. a. They have long leg bones, and they have spots for camouflage.b. They have very long ears, and they have short but powerful tails for

swimming.c. These animals have very thick fur for cold weather, and like all

mammals they are cold blooded.

____ 6. One structural adaptation displayed by plants is the shape and size of their leaves. Different plant species have different shaped leaves depending on their environment.Which diagram below most likely shows an adaptation that increases the chances of survival of a plant in a hot, dry climate?a.

Wild Yam Leaf

b.

Water Lily Leaf

c.

Cactus Leaf

____ 7. All organisms must adapt to their environment in order to survive and reproduce. If an organism can not adapt to a change in its environment then it will die. If too many of the individuals die then the entire species will go extinct. Which of the following events would most likely cause a rapid extinction of organisms?a. A regional drought brought on by slowly moving tectonic platesb. A large asteroid impact could cause extinctions due to fast changes in

the environmentc. A gradual decrease in the growth of weeds in a meadow over a 1000

year time period.

8. All organisms including fish, mammals, reptiles, birds, insects, and bacteria adapt to their specific habitats by changing their behavior or their body structure or both. Which of the following behavioral adaptations is best suited for survival in an environment with harsh, extremely cold, and long winters? a. webbed feetb. hibernationc. defensive behavior

9. Alligators are carnivorous reptiles. One behavioral adaptation they display is ambushing animals that come down to the water’s edge. Two structural adaptations they have is nostrils on top of their long snouts and eyes located high up on their skulls. These two adaptations allow alligators to float in the water with most of their body hidden beneath the surface.

Where would you most likely expect to find reptiles with these types of adaptations?a. a murky swamp b. a hot and dry desert c. frozen tundra

10. Some characteristics of a plant are listed below.(1) Short, thick stem. (2) Small, plump leaves covered by a waxy coating. (3) Roots grow close to the surface of the ground

For which environment is this plant most likely adapted?a. desert b. grassland c. Arctic tundra

OBJ 12 Study Guide-Variations in Pops____ 1. Individual spiders in a population of tarantulas have a variety of

defensive traits. One trait that most of the spiders have is the ability to flick hairs into the eyes of predators allowing the spiders to escape from being eaten. Yet a small percentage of the spider population does not have these hairs.

Tarantula

Why are these “hair-flicking” tarantulas more likely to produce offspring than the hairless tarantulas?a. Hairless tarantulas attract more mates. Therefore they produce

more offspring.b. Tarantulas that have the hairs will blend in with their

environment.c. Hairy tarantulas are less likely to be eaten, so they are more

likely to survive to mate.

____ 2. The graph below shows a population of insects between the years of 1960- 2000.

Between 1980 and 1990 the insects were sprayed with an insecticide that caused the population to decrease. From 1990 to 2000 the insects were sprayed with the same insecticide, but the population increased.

What most likely caused the population to increase?a. The concentration of insecticide was too great, and therefor

biodiversity was reduced.b. The insects were affected by the insecticide causing the

population to increase. c. Due to genetic variation, the insect population adapted to the

insecticide.

3. The table below shows four different populations of bacteria and the percentages that are resistant to different antibiotics.

Population

Antibiotic W

Antibiotic X

Antibiotic Y

Antibiotic Z

1 9.3% 17.1 % 0.0 % 30.1 %2 18.1% 46.9% 18.4% 0.0%3 0.0% 95.1 % 1.6 % 82.0%4 0.0% 3.3 % 26.6 % 4.1%

If all four populations start with the same number of bacteria, which population will have the greatest number of survivors when treated with Antibiotic Y?a. Population 2 b. Population 4 c. Population 3

____ 4. A rabbit population contains three sub-groups1) Rabbits that can run faster than 40 KPH2) Rabbit that run up to 30 KPH3) Rabbits than can only run up to 25 KPH.

A population of coyotes recently arrived in this ecosystem, and their running speed is represented by the dashed line in the graph above. .Which sub-group of rabbits will probably be eaten the most by these coyotes?a. rabbits that can run up to 35 kilometers per hour b. rabbits that can only run up to 25 kilometers per hourc. rabbits that run faster than 40 kilometers per hour

____ 5. Three species of birds live on an island (see images and descriptions below).

Bird A (Heavy Beak)

Bird B (Sharp Beak)

Bird C (Sharp & Wide Beak)

Beak for eating big seeds

Beak for eating insects

Beak for insects and/or small seeds

_If the climate changed so that all the seed-bearing plants on the island died off, which bird or birds would probably be the least affected? a. Bird A b. Bird B c. Both Bird A &

Bird B

6. A farmer sprayed his corn field with a herbicide to kill the weeds. For the first few seasons the herbicide killed nearly all of the weeds. However, over the next few years, more and more weeds survived each season.

Which answer most likely explains why each year more weeds are surviving?a. Over time the herbicide underwent a chemical change that

reduced its effectiveness.b. The weeds that appeared in the third year were a new invasive

species from Mexico.c. Some weeds survived the first year to reproduce herbicide

resistant offspring.

7. The table shows the percentage of individuals in a population of insects that is resistant to certain types of insecticides.

Which two populations would be most affected by a widespread use of Insecticide 2?a. 3 and 5 b. 2 and 4 c. 4 and 6

____ 8. From 1984 to 1987 the rabbit population was stable. However, after 1987 the weather patterns changed significantly and the rabbit population increased.

What most likely occurred between 1987 and 1988?a. The amount of available food decreased resulting in an increase

in reproduction.b. The weather change benefited some rabbit variants which

reproduced prodigiously.c. Some predator species such as hawks, owl, and coyotes arrived in

the rabbit’s habitat.

____ 9. A population of grass originally had equal amounts of three different genotypes. Over five generations, the percent of each genotype in the population changed.

One Species of GrassGrass

GenotypeOriginal Percent

of PopulationPercent of Population after 5 Generations

GG 33.3% 75.0%gg 33.3% 20.0%Gg 33.3% 5.0%

Which statement describes the most likely reason for this change?a. Genotype Gg was the best adapted to this environment, and

produced the most seeds.b. Genotype gg produced the greatest number of seeds, and was the

best adapted.c. Genotype GG was best adapted to this environment, and it

therefore flourished.

10. A certain species of rabbit exhibits different fur colors depending on the season. The table below shows some data collected on this rabbit species during the summer.

Rabbit Fur Color

Percentage of

PopulationGray 37%Brown 52%Black 10%White 1%

Which fur color will probably increase the most during the upcoming snowy winter?a. Black b. Gray c. White

OBJ 13 Study Guide-Biodiversity.1. Humans harvest plants and animals from various biomes. Three of these

biomes are displayed below. Marine Biome Grassland Biome Freshwater Biome

Which choice below correctly describes one historical example of a decrease in biodiversity due to over-harvesting a plant or animal in the United States?a. The hunting and harvesting of Blue Whales was banned in 1966, and

this preservation effort led mainly by conservationist from the United States saved this species from extinction..

b. In the 1800s excessive hunting nearly caused the Buffalo (Bison) to go extinct. This significantly altered the grassland ecosystem of the Great Plains region.

c. Farmers routinely plant & harvest crops such as corn in order to provide food for people.

____ 2. Fertilizers containing phosphorous and nitrogen are leached into a pond. The nutrients from the fertilizer cause algae colonies in the pond to grow rapidly. As large quantities of algae die, the pond water becomes depleted of oxygen. What most likely will be the effect on the organisms that live in this pond due to this algae growth?a. The water will become more clear.b. The depth of the pond will increase.c. There will be less biodiversity in the pond.

____ 3. Sometimes laws are passed to protect certain areas in order to maintain biodiversity. This helps preserve the unique characteristics of the organisms that live there. Sometimes land is preserved in several smaller patches that are spread out instead of one large area. Which types of organisms will most likely become endangered if land preserves are spread out in patches?a. organisms that need a lot of space to graze b. organisms that burrow undergroundc. organisms that hibernate in winter

____ 4. Human activities can alter ecosystems and result in the extinction of species. Which action described below IS NOT an example of an activity that would reduce biodiversity. a. Releasing a non-native species into a fragile ecosystem like a wetland

areab. Assuring that habitats are protected and remain unaltered as much as

possiblec. Disrupting food webs by pouring toxic compounds into rivers and lakes

(water pollution)

____ 5. Human activities such as road building and home construction often destroy wildlife habitats.For example, the clear-cutting of forests due to urban development will most likely result in...?a. decreased forest biodiversity.b. increased organism diversity.c. decreased urban populations.

6. 90% of the world’s crops for humans comes from only 20 different plant species. (Corn, Wheat, Rice, Soybeans, Potatoes, Tomatoes, Apples, Oranges, Melons, etc ) In other words, the biodiversity for our crops is low.

Why is this a problem?a. This is a problem because we need to consume calcium to make our

bones strong.b. With the variety of food sources we have available, many people are

overweight.c. If a disease wipes out one or more of these plants, there could be

widespread food shortages.

7. About 78 million acres of trees in the Amazon jungle are cut down each year. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day which results in a tremendous loss of biodiversity. These huge forests absorb millions of tons of carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere and release millions of tons of oxygen. What is one significant negative consequence of this deforestation?a. The amount of farm land in Brazil will be increased.b. The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere will be reduced.c. There will be more plants to use as medicine from this region.

8. When ocean temperatures, salt levels, and nutrients reach certain levels, it causes a type of red-colored algae to spread across the surface of the water. This is known as a red tide. During a red tide, these algae reproduce very rapidly and consume most of the nutrients in the water.

What would most likely be a consequence of a red tide bloom along the coast of California?a. The biodiversity in that part of the ocean will

decrease.b. The water will become more clear and less salty.c. Sea kelp will reproduce more rapidly in that part of the ocean.

____ 9. There are many good reasons to maintain biodiversity in the various biomes on planet Earth.

Six Types of Biomes1) Grassland Biome 4) Marie Biome2) Forest Biome 5) Tundra Biome3) Freshwater Biome 6) Desert Biome

Select the option below that correctly describes two valid reasons for maintaining biodiversity.a. 1st Reason: When humans cause plants to go extinct, we are reducing

potential food sources2nd Reason: Maintaining ocean biodiversity is important to the economies of coastal cites.

b. Reason 1: Many drugs come from plants. Plant biodiversity can provide us helpful medicine.Reason 2: Trees improve the air quality by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen

c. Maintaining biodiversity in a zoo helps attract more customers which brings in additional tax revenue to the local community, and it provide jobs to local citizens that work there.

____ 10. The environment in the Arctic Circle is extreme, and food chains and food webs there are very fragile.Which statement describes a possible consequence if biodiversity were to decrease in the Arctic due to the extinction of polar bears?a. a decrease in the number of herbivores due to natural predators being

goneb. an increase in the number of producers after a herbivore population

boomc. changes in the food web, leading to a loss of food resources for native

people

OBJ 14 Study Guide-Relative Age of Fossils1.

Which layer of sedimentary rock in the image above is most likely the oldest, assuming the layers have not experienced folding or uplifting?a. Layer W b. Layer X c. Layer Z

2. Layers of rock are exposed, as shown below.

The fern fossil in Layer 3 was dated to be 32 million years old. What can be inferred about the shell fossils?a. The organisms with the shells lived before the fern.b. The organisms with the shells were more common that the other

fossils.c. The organisms with the shells were more complex than the other

fossils.

____ 3.The diagram below shows three substrate layers with fossils.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?a. The fossil in Layer 3 is older than the fossil in Layer 2.b. The fossils in Layers 1 and 3 are from closely related organisms.c. The fossil in Layer 1 is older than the fossil in Layer 2.

____ 4.

The image above is a model showing various types of fossils embedded in layers of sedimentary rock. The law of superposition would predict that layer three is...?a. ...older than layer 4 and younger than layer 2b. ...older than layer 1 and younger than layer 5c. ...younger than layer 2 and older than layer 1

5.A cross section of rock layers is shown below.

Which fossil is found in the oldest layer?a. dinosaur b. fish c. shell

6. A scientist was digging for fossils along a rocky cliff formed from sedimentary rock. The scientist discovered trilobite fossils at a lower level and ammonite fossils at a higher level.

Index FossilTrilobite

(Cambrian Period)

Index FossilAmmonite

(Jurassic Period)

What can be determined about these two fossils based on their locations?a. the mating habits of these two organismsb. The diet of the trilobites and ammonitesc. the relative age of these two fossils

____ 7.

If the age of Layer Four is 400 million years and the age of Layer One is 500 million years, then what can you infer about the age of Layer Two?a. Layer two is older than 500 million yearsb. Layer Two is between 400 million to 500 million years oldc. Layer two is exactly 400 million years old

____ 8.Ammonite Fossils

Paleontologist have found an area rich in ammonite fossils. Although erosion over millions of years has altered the topography of this ocean floor, the scientists were able to create a chronological history of these fossils (see diagram above.).

Based on the diagram shown above, which numbered fossil was found in the oldest layer of sediment?a. Number eight b. Number five c. Number seven

9. The picture below shows the locations of three types of fossils in the sediment of a lake.

The organism in layer 3 most likely existed...?a. at the same time as the organism in layer 2b. after the organism in layer 1c. at the same time as the organism in layer 1

____ 10.How can you determine that fossil number six and fossil number four are similar in age?These two fossils are the same species.Both of these fossils are sea

This diagram shows layers of rocks that contain fossils

shells so they must have lived at the same time.c. These two fossils are in the same layer of sedimentary rock.