packing guide for groceries

Packagingguidefor FMCG

From manufacturer to consumer

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 2008

ECR (“Efficient Consumer Response”) Europewas founded more than ten years ago. At thattime, new findings in the field of goods supplyindicated that the retail trade and supplierscould meet the consumers’ needs better, fasterand more efficiently by collaborating on sector-wide, yet competition-neutral issues.

Other factors that contributed to the ECRmovement picking up speed were improvementswithin information technology, increasing com-petition, globalisation and the new, larger Euro-pean market, which made it possible to movegoods and services across national borders moreeasily. At the same time, consumer demandcame to focus on more factors than before, suchas a better product range, easy accessibility,quality, freshness and product safety.

ECR is all about creating a holistic approachto the entire value chain throughout the goods’journey via subcontractors, producers and retail-ers to the consumer. Benefit for the consumer isECR’s philosophy. All the work is aimed at in-creasing efficiency in the flow of goods and in-formation and creating added value for the con-sumer.

ECR is divided into two main areas: demandand the supply of goods. The demand aspect re-

ECR Sweden holds the exclusive entitlement to make changes in the text. ECR Sweden reserves the right to duplicate the text for commercial use.

Grocery Manufacturers of Sweden (DLF)

DLF is a trade association of approximately 160 membercompanies who produce and import the majority of allgoods sold in Sweden’s grocery stores. DLF’s businessconcept is to develop and inspire companies and leadersin the grocery business to provide increased customerand consumer benefits. DLF also represents its membercompanies in non-competitive industry matters beforeauthorities, retailers and other interested parties.www.dlf.se

Swedish Food & DrinkRetailers’ Federation (SDH)

SDH is an alliance of the trading companies Axfood Sweden, ICA Sweden, Coop Sweden and BergendahlsGruppen. The purpose is to satisfy the interests of consumers. In addition, SDH will co-ordinate and optimise the grocery trade’s investments in non-competitive areas of development. SDH works in three areas: Product safety, Economic policy and Logistics.www.dagligvaror.se

WORKING GROUP

The Packaging guide for FMCG has been producedby a working group appointed by ECR Sweden comprising the following individuals:

Lars Bernhardsson, ICA Sweden, Per-Arne Gustafsson, Metsä Tissue, Ingemar Hansson, ECR Sweden, Anita Kasselstrand, Procordia Food,Mia Lenman, GS1 Sweden, Ivan Lundmark, Axfood Sweden, Mikael Moberg, BergendahlsGruppen, Bert Rosenquist, Sardus,

Christina Stockinger, ICA Sweden, Anders Vesterblom, Coop Sweden.

ISSUED BY: ECR Sweden, Box 1178, SE-111 91 Stockholm, SwedenTel: +46 (0)8 - 501 010 62, Fax: +46 (0)8 - 501 010 01, E-mail: [email protected], www.ecr.se

EDITING AND LAYOUT: Kerstin Fahlskog and Cati Galli

ILLUSTRATIONS: Dick Holst

PRINTING: EO Print

lates to working more efficiently with productranges, product introductions and campaigns.An example of issues related to supply of goodsis demand-led goods replenishment, which in-cludes topics such as computer assisted orderingand transport optimisation.

The ECR concept has spread around theworld. ECR Europe was founded in 1994.

ECR Sweden was established two years laterby Dagligvaruleverantörers Förbund (DLF, Gro-cery Manufacturers of Sweden) and SvenskDagligvaruhandel (SDH, Swedish Food andDrink Retailers’ Federation).

ECR Sweden’s duties and goals are to:

• Spread knowledge about ECR to all Swedishgrocery industry players.

• Take the initiative and assist in sectoractivities within the ECR field and to carryout investigations and projects, when competition-neutral conditions exist.

• Conduct training courses, seminars and conferences under the name ECR-FORUM atall levels within the companies in the sector.

For further information, see www.ecr.se

Packaging guidefor FMCG


Foreword

Why do we need a Packaging guide for FMCG (Fast Moving ConsumerGoods)?

For many years, the package has had three main purposes:• to protect and seal the products• to be a bearer for the brand• to be an information carrier to the consumer

In recent decades, the package has also developed into one of the corner-stones of efficient logistics. This means that the package must both carrymore information of benefit for distribution from manufacturer to con-sumer, as well as fit in with more rational physical handling. The flow ofgoods and information from manufacturer to consumer has become in-creasingly complex, which affects those who sell and supply packagedgoods. Additional wishes and demands are placed on and by the players onthe market.

The Packaging guide for FMCG is intended to provide guidelines for theformation and design of new packages or the adjustment of existing ones.This edition, published in September 2008, has been updated to coverECR Europe’s Blue Book “Shelf Ready Packaging”. The Packaging guidedeals with various packages as a whole, where the consumer package is onepart of this whole from manufacturer to the shop shelf and the store check-out. The whole comprises consumer packages, outer packages, multiunitpackages and pallets. However, the Packaging guide does not deal with theconsumer package from a strict consumer perspective, such as storage andhow it is handled in the home. At the end of Part I there is a glossary anduseful website addresses.

Part II of the Packaging guide contains checklists to be used during theprocess when developing new packages or adjusting existing ones. The useof checklists creates the right conditions for the package’s handlingthrough all the stages from manufacturer to shop shelf and consumer. It isimportant that all the checklists are checked off, irrespective of the pack-age type in question.

The Packaging guide for FMCG has been produced in close collaborationbetween the various representatives of the grocery industry. The author ofthe guide is ECR Sweden.

The packaging guide can be found on ECR Sweden’s websitewww.ecr.se, where any updates will subsequently be displayed. It is possi-ble to print the entire guide or individual checklists from the website.

ContentsPart IChapter 1 – Broad holistic approach and the focus on the consumer 3 – 7

What can happen

Guidelines

Requirements and wishes

The package as an information carrier

Chapter 2 – Consumer packages 8 – 9

Durable labelling and exposure

Chapter 3 – Outer packages 10 – 12

Labelling

Shelf Ready Packaging

Chapter 4 – Multiunit packages 13

Labelling

Chapter 5 – Pallets 14 – 16

Creating a pallet

Chapter 6 – Modular system 17 – 18

Efficient flow of goods based on modules

Chapter 7 – Labelling 19 – 22

GS1 article numbers and bar codes

Choosing numbering principle

Bar codes

Choice of bar code

Printing quality for bar codes

Correct information

The bar code’s location

Chapter 8 – Trade Item Declaration 23

What do Trade Item Declarations have to do with the package?

The key to information

How does this work?

GS1s Package Measurement Rules

Glossary 24 – 26

Web addresses 26

Part IIChecklists 27 – 31

Consumer packages (CP)

Outer packages (OP)

Multiunit packages (MP)

Pallets

PACKAGING GUIDE FOR FMCG – SEPTEMBER 2008 – PART I 3

�1

This chapter gives a general explanation ofthe flow of goods from manufacturer to con-sumer, information about this flow and thepackage types on which the system is based:

• Consumer package

• Outer package

• Multiunit package

• Pallet

A central factor in the development of newpackages and when reviewing existing ones isto have a broad holistic approach.

The focus must be on the consumer at all

times. At the same time, all requirements andwishes from manufacturer through to con-sumer must be considered and taken into ac-count in the decisions that are taken. Thepackage must be rational and effective totransport and handle, it must be informativeand promote sales in the store, and it must befunctional for the consumer. The packagemust protect and preserve the product frommanufacturer to consumer. For some goods, itcan also contribute to extending the shelf life.The package is also an important handlingaid, which must function on loading palletsand in containers.

Chapter

Broad holistic approach and the focus on the consumer

PART I

The package’s function as product protectionand handling aid from manufacturer to storeand consumer.

4 PACKAGING GUIDE FOR FMCG – SEPTEMBER 2008 – PART I

In short, handling can be described as fol-lows:

The package manufacturer supplies the manufacturer with packaging material orprepackages. The manufacturer fills the goodsinto the consumer packages, often directly inconnection with the production line.

Occasionally, both package manufactureand filling take place as part of the produc-tion process. An example of such a process ismilk. The consumer packages are then pack-aged in outer packages, either returnable ornon-returnable crates, which are stacked on aloading pallet. The outer package can also bea pallet.

When the outer package or the productcannot be stacked directly on loading pallets,a multiunit package solution is used. This is

What can happen

either a returnable or a non-returnable crate,which is open or easy to open at the top andwhich can be stacked on a pallet. The palletis sent to a warehouse, and then on to a dis-tribution centre or directly to the store. It isimportant to remember that goods are oftenhandled in several different stages beforethey reach the store. Throughout the distrib-ution chain, the pallets are handled usingforklift trucks. Order picking takes place inthe distribution centre, and the outer pack-ages are placed in roller containers or onloading pallets for transport to the store.When designing both consumer and outerpackages, it is important to take into consid-eration the fact that the goods are handledmany times on their way from manufacturerto the shelf in the store, and from there to the


For the flow of goods and information, stan-dards are issued by organisations such as theISO (International Standardisation Organisa-tion) and SIS (Swedish Standards Institute)(www.sis.se).

A basic module measuring 600 x 400 mmhas been developed by SIS in collaborationwith the grocery industry. This module hasbeen a guiding influence in the design of alltypes of package. These various packages willtherefore fit on the pallet irrespective ofwhether they measure 800 x 1200 mm or1000 x 1200 mm. The latter size occurs insome European countries.

When developing new packages, a numberof different factors have to be taken into con-sideration. One of the most important is tocheck the sizes of the various package types.The consumer package should be designed sothat the outer package and

pallet are well filled. In order for the flow ofinformation to function, a set of rules has beenproduced by GS1 (www.gs1.se). GS1 articlenumbers and bar codes must be present onconsumer packages and outer packages. Pal-lets and, where applicable, multiunit pack-ages must each have their own GS1 articlenumber for identification in TID (Trade ItemDeclaration), see chapter 8 Trade Item Decla-ration. Pallets must be marked with GS1 pal-let labels. These labels contain for example in-formation about the number of outer pack-ages and their GS1 article number. Usingscanner reading and/or transfer of messagesvia EDI, various functions in the flow of in-formation and goods, such as acceptancechecks, can be rationalised.

There are also sector agreements and rec-ommendations for e.g. Trade Item Declara-tions (TID) (www.gs1.se) and for pallet height.

Guidelines

RESTRICTIONS

The Packaging guide for FMCG deals withvarious packages as a whole, where theconsumer package is one part of thiswhole from manufacturer to the shelf inthe store and the store checkout. It dealswith the package’s function, but not itsenvironmental load. The guide does notdeal with the consumer package from astrict consumer perspective, such as stoage and how it is handled in the home.

EXEMPTIONS

In special circumstances, exemptions fromstandard, sector-wide agreements or similarcan be justified. One example might be if thesaving or the efficiency gain in one stage ex-ceeds the corresponding negative effects inother stages. Agreements can then bereached between the parties in question.

consumer. The same applies to the choice ofpackage type, such as bottle or tray, andwhen choosing the packaging material andthe thickness of the material.

The outer package is often made of corru-gated board or plastic. These materials workin existing recycling and return systems. Forthe consumer package, materials such ascardboard, plastic, glass and sheet metal areused. If food comes into contact with plastic

packaging material, this should be approvedby Normpack (www.packforsk.se). The choiceof material for consumer and outer packageshould be made on the basis of the total envi-ronmental load being as little as possible.

The stresses can be great. It is thereforeimportant to view the consumer package andits outer package as a single unit that must beable to cope with all the handling right up tothe shop shelf.

NOTE!The Packaging

guide is intended toprovide guidelines for theformation and design of

new packages and the ad-justment of existing

ones.


THE MANUFACTURER• The packaging costs must be as low as

possible.

• Consumer and outer packages must beeasy to fill and seal.

THE HAULIER• Pallet overhang can cause damage to

goods and should therefore be avoided.

• Clear marking on the pallets, in accor-dance with the applicable regulations.

• Two pallets on top of each other, with apallet height of not more than 1250 mmincluding the loading pallets, give lowertransport costs.

THE DISTRIBUTION CENTRE• Outer packages and pallets must be easy

to identify, both in plain text and with barcodes.

• The bar code must be printed with clearcontrasts in order that it can be read witha scanner.

• It must be possible for various outer pack-ages to be mixed in a roller container oron a loading pallet, without the goodssustaining damage.

• The outer packages must be modularlyadapted to provide the greatest degree offilling in the roller container or on theloading pallet.

• A maximum weight of 15 kg applies for outer packages that will be picked/handled manually, unless otherwiseagreed by the affected parties.

THE STORE• The outer package must be marked so

that it is easy to identify the content.

• The bar codes on both the outer packageand the consumer package must be suffi-ciently clear that they can be read using a scanner.

• The outer package must be easy to open.

• When the outer package is a tray, theedge must be sufficiently high that theconsumer packages are securely held oncethe outer package has been opened.

• Sales-promotional information on the consumer package must be clearly visible,even when the package is standing in a tray on the shelf.

• The number of consumer packages in anouter package should be adapted so thatthe degree of filling is optimised, at thesame time as the store turn-over for thearticle is sufficiently quick.

THE CONSUMER• The information

on the package must be easy to read.

• The consumer package must be easy toopen and to use.

Requirements and wishes

The flow of goods and information includes many stages, and in each stage there areplayers that have requirements and wishes regarding the package. These vary de-pending on the product and the relevant stage in the chain. Everything that is doneis for the consumer’s best. Here are a few examples:


In each stage of the flow of goods, the packageplays an important role as an information car-rier. The consumer package, outer package,multiunit package and pallet are all informa-tion carriers, but in different ways. The infor-mation occurs both in the form of article num-bers and bar codes, in accordance with GS1’sregulations, as well as in the form of plain text.The GS1 labelling is one of the preconditionsfor rationalising operations, both internallyand between various players.

GS1 article numbers and GS1 bar codes onouter packages and pallets are a means ofachieving logistical efficiency throughout theentire distribution chain. For example, this is away of facilitating acceptance checks and en-suring that the right pallets are entered intoand removed from the warehouse. It can ensurethat the right outer packages are picked fromthe pallet and invoiced.

The consumer package can carry the decla-ration of ingredients, instructions for users,best-before-date and information about whomthe consumer should contact for further infor-mation about the product. The consumerpackage must be supplied with an GS1 barcode. This is registered at the checkout in thestore to provide the consumer with informa-tion about the price of the product.

Scanner reading in stores (POS data, Pointof Sale) forms the basis for payment and salesstatistics. For example, it can be used to evalu-ate how well a product launch has succeeded orto check sales trends in total or for individualarticles.

The direct exchange of POS data between

trading companies and their suppliers increas-es the potential to evaluate campaigns. In ad-dition, POS data can be used to help ratio-nalise the flow of goods.

The bar code’s legibility and location onthe consumer and outer packages as well as onpallets are important. The printing must be ofa sufficiently high quality that the bar code canbe read off using a scanner even after the pack-age and the pallet have been handled throughthe entire distribution chain.

In addition to being used for identification,the information contained on the package canalso be used for traceability and for markingorigin.

One piece of the jigsaw for an efficient flowof goods and information is the existence of aTrade Item Declaration (TID) for a package.This contains information about length,width, height, the number of consumer pack-ages in an outer package, the number of outerpackages on a loading pallet, whether the out-er package is a slotted crate or a wrap-aroundpackage, etc.

The package as an information carrier

The bar code’slegibility and location are important.


�

Consumer packages

2Chapter

is reduced and the logistical efficiency is im-paired. A reduced degree of filling affects therisk of damage to goods when pallets areplaced on top of one another. The store’s fix-tures and fittings are another important fac-tor to take into consideration. Store shelvesare adapted to the basic module, which mea-sures 600 x 400 mm.

The consumer package must promote salesof the product through an attractive designand décor, as well as protecting and preserv-ing the product.

Examples of other factors to take intoconsideration when designing a consumerpackage include product information, sizeof the package and whether it is easy to openand reseal. The consumer package’s outer di-mensions are important. Along with theouter package, these must be adapted to theModular system (see chapter 6, Modular sys-tem). Consideration must be given to thematerial thickness of the outer package. Ifthe outer packages do not fill the loadingpallets bottom surface, the degree of filling

Other names for consumer packages caninclude:

• Consumer Unit

• CoP

• C-pack

• Primary package

• Multiple pack

• Multipack

There are many consumerpackage variants.


The labelling on the consumer package mustinclude GS1 bar code and information inplain text, for example the declaration of in-gredients. If the package contains goods thatare hazardous to health or the environment,separate labelling is also required. The barcode label must be legible all the way frommanufacturer to store checkout. It must bepossible to read other labelling throughoutthe lifetime of the package, i.e. at least aslong as that stipulated by the best-beforedate.

If the package is on a tray, the labellingmust be clearly visible above the edge of thetray. The edge of the tray must be sufficient-ly high that the consumer packages are securely held, but not so high that it concealsinformation about the product in the pack-age.

The size of the package should be adaptedto the space on the store shelf for the productgroup in question.

The consumer package’s bottom surfaceand height should be adapted to the store’sfixtures and the shelf space in the store forthe product group in question. The con-sumer and outer packages must be designedso that they can be displayed as a unit. Itmust also be possible to display the con-sumer package separately. It should be easyfor the consumer to take the package fromthe shelf.

Durable labelling and exposure

Do the consumer and outer packagesfit on the store’s shelves?

400 – 500

600

900


�3Chapter

In many cases the outer package is the sameas an orderable unit. Outer packages areavailable in many variants.

The most important task for the outerpackage is to protect and hold the consumerpackages together until they reach the shopshelf. The outer package must be designedso that it can easily be identified, picked,handled, stored, loaded and unloaded on itsway from manufacturer to store, where itmust be easy to open and subsequently han-dled.

Other names for outer

packages can include:

• S-pack

• ReP

• Display pallet

• Case

• Secondary package

• SKU

• Trade Unit

Outer packages

Outer packages are available in many variants.


GS1 recommends bar code labelling on atleast one side. In cases where labelling is onlyon one side, the principal rule applies, namelyto employ strict orientation when placing theouter packages on the pallets. This means thatthe packages must be positioned so that thebar codes are facing in the same direction asone of the two pallet labels (see Strict orienta-tion www.ecr.se). The bar code must be of atleast such a printing quality that it is legibleall the way until the outer package is broken.

If other information in addition to the arti-cle number is to be built in, bar code GS1-128must be used.

The pallet that comes from the manufactureris normally split in the distribution centre.Goods from other manufacturers are loadedtogether here. The goods are loaded togetherin roller containers or on loading pallets.

Labelling

The outer package must be supplied with in-formation in plain text, GS1 article numberand GS1 bar code, see chapter 7, Labelling.In addition to this there can be informationabout e.g. the manufacturers article number,the number of consumer packages in the out-er package, the best-before date and thebatch number. If the package contains goodsthat are hazardous to health or the environ-ment, separate labelling is required.

Roller container. Picking pallet

Display unit.

Example of strictorientation ofouter packages onloading pallet.

Display half-pallet

During the development work on new pack-ages, it is important to work on the basis ofthe applicable modular system. This is described in greater detail in chapter 6,Modular system.

It is important for the outer package to bemodularly adapted so as to facilitate loadingtogether, and to ensure that it can withstandthe stresses that such handling entails. Amaximum weight of 15 kg applies for outerpackages that will be picked and handledmanually, unless otherwise agreed by the affected parties.

Other types of outer package include dis-play pallets and display units.

Shelf ready packaging (SRP) is a term whichis used to describe a package which is readyto be placed on the store shelf. The idea is toreduce the amount of handling of the prod-uct between production and the store shelf orshelf-end display. It must be easy to identify,easy to open, easy to display, easy to handle,and easy to buy. Shelf ready packaging (SRP)includes all types of package including dis-plays, palettes, trays, crates, etc.

EASY TO IDENTIFY • Easy to identify throughout the supply

chain, see chapter 7, Labelling.

EASY TO OPEN • There must be clear

opening instructions,ideally with illustrationsand an effective openingdevice such as rip-tapeor perforations which donot damage the packageartwork or markings. The opening deviceshould be of good quality to avoid havingto use a knife. If shrink-wrap is used, itshould be easy to remove.

EASY TO DISPLAY• If a tray is used for display it

should be sufficiently stablethat the consumer packagescannot topple. The packageshould be designed to fitthe module system, seechapter 6, Module System.

EASY TO HANDLE• The amount of mate-

rial should fit the re-quirements of eachproduct and emptypackages should beeasy to handle.


Shelf ready packaging

EASY TO BUY• The outer pack-

age and con-sumer packagetogether shouldlook attractiveand consumer in-formation shouldbe easily visible. It should be easy to take aconsumer package.

It is important that there are clear and simpleopening instructions onthe outer package.

ECR Sweden, based on ECR Europe’s guide-lines and in close cooperation with membersof the industry, has produced and evaluationform for shelf ready packaging. The inten-tion of this tool is to contribute to SRP dis-cussions between the parties in the grocerybusiness so that SRP is used effectivelythroughout the chain, where appropriate.

The evaluation form for shelf ready pack-aging can be downloaded from www.ecr.se.

Other terms for Shelf ReadyPackaging can be:

• SRP

• RRP

• Retail Ready Packaging


�

Multiunit packages

4Chapter

Other names for multiunit-packages can include:

• Wholesale package

• Handling unit

• Transport package

Multiunit packages can be used for a range ofdifferent outer packages, which due to theirshape can be difficult to stack on loadingpallets. The multiunit package is often inthe form of crate with an open top or that hasa top that is easy to open.

This is because the goods are commonlypicked out at the distribution centre, wherethey are then loaded together with otherproducts that the store has ordered. Whenchoosing a multiunit package, it is thereforenot necessary to give consideration to dis-playing in the store.

Labelling

The multiunit package does not need to belabelled as the only task of this package typeis to hold a number of outer packages togeth-er. It should not be possible to order or sub-sequently sell the package as a single unit.However, the multiunit package must haveits own GTIN in order to be identified andstored in various databases.

Multiunit package. SvenskaRetursystem’s returnable crate.

Non-returnablemultiunit packages.


�Pallets

5Chapter

Note! The word pallet refers to loading pallets with goods.

Other common names for pallets can include:

• Unit load

• Dispatch Unit

• Tertiary package

• Unit load

Loading pallets are required in order to han-dle, transport and store outer packages in thesupply chain. The following types of loadingpallet are approved by the Swedish groceryindustry: • Svenska Retursystem’s plastic half size

loading pallet, 600 x 800 mm(www.retursystem.se).

• Paletten’s plastic full size loading pallet,800 x 1200 mm (www.retursystem.se).

• EUR-pallet – full size loading pallet, 800 x 1200 mm, SS-EN 13698-1(www.sis.se).

• EUR-half size loading pallet, 600 x 800 mm, SS 84 20 04 (www.sis.se).

• CHEP pallets in full and half size loadingpallet format (www.chep.com).

Loading pallets in the 600 x 800 mm formatshould be considered as part of an outer pack-age. If, in exceptional cases, non-returnablepallets are used, these must be adapted to theSIS dimensions. In order to handle, transportand store outer packages in the flow of goods,load carriers are required.

Three different types of pallet – loadingpallets loaded with packages – can be created:

• Unmixed full pallet

• Layer pallet

• Mixed pallet

Paletten’s plastic full size loading pallet.

Svenska Retursystem’splastic half size loadingpallet.

Euro Pallet, full size.

1200

800

600 800

600

800800

1200

Euro Pallet, half size.


Examples of various pallets.

The unmixed full pallet corresponds to theTrade Item Declaration basic configurationand is loaded with the same article numberon all outer packages.

The layer pallet is a split unmixed fullpallet, i.e. a loading pallet, that is loaded

with one or more layers with the same articlenumber on the outer packages. The mixedpallet comprises a loading pallet loaded withouter packages with different article num-bers.


• The pallet built up of packages must bestable and easy to handle.

• Each layer must contain the same num-ber of outer packages. Does not apply toMixed pallets.

• For technical transport and distributionreasons, the maximum height, includingthe loading pallet, should be as close to1250 mm as possible. This makes it pos-sible to utilise the goods vehicle’s maxi-mum internal loading height.

Pallet shelves in many warehouses arebuilt for a pallet height of 1250 mm.This pallet height is also good from anergonomic perspective during manualpicking work.

Creating a pallet

• For pallets handled via distribution cen-tres, a maximum weight of 1,000 kgapplies, including loading pallet andpackages.

• When the pallet is to be labelled withGS1 pallet labels, this must take placewith two identical labels containing barcode and information in plain text. Theplain text information must include themanufacturer’s article number, productname, etc., so that the pallet can easilybe identified. The bar code should be ofa sufficient quality that it is legible witha scanner right up until the pallet is bro-ken. If the pallet contains goods that arehazardous to health or the environment,separate labelling is required.

• The aim is to create stackable pallets thatare able to be loaded with their ownweight.

• If tape is used around the pallet, there isa considerable risk of labelling and décoron the outer packages being damagedwhen the tape is removed.

• If the pallet has been wrapped in shrinkor stretch film, this film must not beapplied so tightly that the packagesbecome deformed. The same applies topallets that are secured with transportties.


Efficient flow of goodsbased on modules

In order effectively to utilise the productionequipment, transport and warehouse resources,in-store systems, etc., it is important to adapt all units to the Modular system 600 x 400 mm. This applies to consumerpackages, outer packages and multiunitpackages.

The modular system has been developedby SIS in collab-oration with thegrocery industry.This measure-ment standard issuitable both for800 x 1200 mmloading pallets and for 1000 x 1200 mmloading pallets. The latter are used in someEuropean countries.

6Chapter

Modular system

THINGS TO CONSIDER

• Adapt the outer package to the dimen-sions of the loading pallet. This is donemost easily by reducing the dimension of the outer package by 5–10 mm per outer package. In practice this means that an outer package according to the600 x 400 mm basic module should haveouter dimensions of 590 x 390 mm.

• Adapt the consumer package to the inner di-mensions of the outer package to achieve thehighest possible degree of filling. The calcu-lation must be performed with considerationfor the thickness of the outer package.

• Always perform test packing before estab-lishing final dimensions.

Store shelves are adapted inaccordance with the modularsystem.

Modularly adapted outerpackages in roller containersand on loading pallets.

1200

600

400

800

900600

400–500


A large number of ideal modules are basedon the 600 x 400 mm basic module. Whenconsumer packages and outer packages areproduced, it is important to utilise theseideal modules. The consumer package’s outerdimensions must fit inside the outer pack-age’s internal dimensions. It is therefore also

important to consider the thickness of thepackaging material.

The package must be able to cope withnormal loads during transport, storage andhandling. The packaging material must becorrectly adapted, neither too thick nor toothin.

Examples of ideal modules that are used in the grocery industry.

600 x 400 300 x 400 200 x 400 150 x 400 120 x 400 300 x 200 200 x 200

600 x 400200 x 400

150 x 400300 x 400


GS1 article numbers (GTIN) and bar codelabelling must be employed for consumerpackages, outer packages and pallets. Formultiunit packages, GTIN must be used.

Different structures apply for each pack-age. In Sweden, registration and coordina-tion are handled by GS1 Sweden. The web-site www.gs1.se explains how to gain accessto the GS1 system.

The numbering of packages can be carriedout in accordance with four different struc-tures. These are GTIN-13, GTIN-8, GTIN-14 and GTIN-12. These numbering struc-tures are called GTIN – Global Trade ItemNumber. All numbering within the frame-work of GTIN results in unique identities.

The number forms the basis for orders,stock reporting, statistics, etc. It is thereforea requirement that all packages are given aunique number.

An GTIN can be divided into three con-stituent parts. GS1 Company prefix, the arti-cle number part and a control number (K).

7Chapter

Labelling

Position 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1(K)GTIN-13 0 7 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 5GTIN-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 0 0 1 1 1 9GTIN-14 1 7 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 2 GTIN-12 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4

For GTIN-14 there is also the initial LVcode, where LV is the abbreviation forlogistical variant.

Note that the article registers mustalways contain 14 digits (right-aligned).EAN 13 and EAN 8 are the bar codes thatcan be read at store checkouts.

GTIN-13

GTIN-13 is the most widely used GS1 article number type. The number contains13 digits and is international. The samenumber must be used, irrespective of thecountry to which the product is exported.

The numbering of the product is nor-mally performed by the product manufac-turer, which applies for an GS1 Companyprefix from its national GS1 organisation.

There is a variant of article numberGTIN-13 that is national and intended forgoods with a variable weight. This numbermay only be used on the consumer package.

GTIN and bar codes

The numberingof packages canbe carried out inaccordance withfour differentstructures.


GTIN-8

GTIN-8 is used on packages where there isnot enough room for the EAN 13 bar code.GTIN-8 contains a total of just eight digits,and may only be used on consumer packages.With GTIN-8 it is possible to code a maxi-mum of 10 articles.

GTIN-14

GTIN-14 cannot be read at the store’s check-outs, and is therefore only used when num-bering outer packages and pallets. Numberingwith GTIN-14 means that the package isidentified with the packaged product’sGTIN-13 number in combination with aninitial logistical variant code (LV code).

• The LV code can assume the values 1 – 8on unit goods.

• The LV code 9 indicates that this is aweight product.

Choosing numbering principle

The consumer package (CP) is numberedwith GTIN-13 and GTIN-8.

The outer package (OP) and pallets arenumbered with GTIN-13 or GTIN-14.Relevant information about the numberingof weight goods can be found on www.gs1.se

EXAMPLE 1: Numbering with GTIN-13

CP: 73 5000000 001 6

OP: 73 5000000 002 3

Pallet: 73 5000000 003 0

EXAMPLE 2: Numbering with GTIN-13 and GTIN-14

CP: 73 5000000 001 6

OP: 1 73 5000000 001 1

Pallet: 2 73 5000000 001 0

GS1 bar codes

Bar code EAN 13 only contains GS1 num-bers. It has four different bar widths. Goodprinting quality is therefore required inorder for the code to be legible.

Bar code ITF 14, Interleaved Two of Five,only contains GTINs. It has two bar widths.It is therefore legible with a scanner even if ithas been printed or written with an inkjetprinter directly on e.g. corrugated board.

Bar code GS1-128 is a bar code that containsGTIN and also offers the potential for otherbar-coded information. This can include dif-ferent types of date, such as best-before andpacking date, traceability information suchas batch number or serial number, and whereappropriate information about weight. GS1-128 requires more or less the same goodprinting quality as EAN 13. In favourablecases, the bar code can be written with aninkjet printer directly on corrugated board.If this is not possible, labels must be used.

173 50000 00001 3

7 350000 000016

Bar code EAN 13 is themost widely used on con-sumer packages.

Bar code ITF 14 has two bar widths and a frame. It is only used for outer packages.

Bar code GS1-128 provides both GTIN and the option to add other information.

(01)07350000000023(15)041223(10)437825


EXAMPLE 1:

Numbering with GTIN-13 Bar code alternative

CP: 73 5000000 001 6 EAN 13OP: 73 5000000 002 3/ 073 5000000 002 3 EAN 13 /ITF 14, GS1-128

EXAMPLE 2:

Numbering with GTIN-13 and GTIN-14 Bar code alternative

CP: 73 5000000 001 6 EAN 13OP: 1 73 5000000 001 1 ITF 14, GS1-128

Choice of bar code

The consumer package must be marked withone of the bar codes EAN 13 or EAN 8.These are the codes that can be read at thestore checkouts.

The outer package is labelled with the barcodes GS1-128, EAN 13 or ITF 14. In orderto use an article number with 13 positions ina code with 14 positions, LV code 0 must beused.

A standardised label must be used for barcode labelling of pallets. The pallet label isbar coded with GS1-128. A full descriptioncan be found at www.gs1.se.

Printing quality for bar codes

The bar code must be legible at least untilthe product’s “best-before date”. The print-ing quality of the bar code must therefore beof a quality that corresponds to “OverallSymbol Grade C” in accordance with ISO154 16.

This occasionally means that at least“Overall Symbol Grade B” should be select-ed when printing.

Correct information

In order to have the correct information onpackages labelled with bar code GS1-128,consult the website www.gs1.se wheredetailed instructions are given. This appliesto outer packages, pallets and store packages.

The bar code’s location

ON CONSUMER PACKAGES:

• Labels with bar codes are positioned atleast 20 mm from the edge of the pack-age.

• Labels with bar codes may never beplaced around corners, over joins, perfora-tions or seals.

• Bar codes must be placed on a smoothsurface.

• Bar codes may not be located under joins on transparent film.

• Bar codes should not be positioned on thebottom of the package.

• Bar codes are positioned upright, like aladder, on round cans or other cylindricalpackages with a diameter of less than 120 mm.

The way in which thebar code is positionedon the consumerpackage is important.


The bar code on the outer package must

be positioned so that it is easily accessible during handling.

ON OUTER PACKAGES:

• There must be a bar code label or a barcode printed directly on the package. GS1recommends labelling on at least one side.In cases where labelling is only on oneside, the principal rule applies, namely toemploy strict orientation when placingthe outer packages on the pallets.

• The bar code should not be positioned onthe bottom of the package.

• The bar code should be positioned so that the bottom edge of the bar is 32 mm ±3 mm from the bottom of the package.For ITF 14, the frame around the bar codemust be located with its bottom edge 27.2 mm above the bottom of the pack-age. The frame is 4.8 mm wide.

• The distance between the side of the package and the bar code should be atleast 19 mm.

ON PALLETS:

• The pallet must be labelled on two adja-cent sides. One short side and its right-hand long side.

• The bar codes on the label should be atleast 400 mm and at most 800 mm fromthe bottom.

• The label should be positioned as high aspossible within the specified interval, butif necessary should provide space for atransport label above the pallet label.

• No labels should be closer than 50 mm tothe edge of the pallet.

Package type GS1 article number Bar code

Consumer GTIN-13 EAN 13package GTIN-8 EAN 8

GTIN-12 UPCAUPCE

Outer package GTIN-13GTIN-14

Multiunit package

Pallets GTIN-13 GS1 Pallet labelGTIN-14 GS1 Pallet label

The pallet must be labelled on two adjacent sides. The bar code must be positioned at least 400 mm and at most 800 mmfrom the bottom.

GTIN-13GTIN-14

EAN 13/ ITF 14 / GS1-128ITF 14/ GS1-128


What do Trade ItemDeclarations have to do

with the package?

The exchange of information within the gro-cery industry is intensive and continuous. Itis increasingly taking place electronicallybetween retailers and suppliers. Orders,delivery notifications and invoices are exam-ples of business transactions that, to a grow-ing extent, are being sent electronically. Inorder for an electronic information flow tofunction effectively, it is important that theparties have common, accurate master data asa foundation.

If a new package is produced or an exist-ing one changed, it is important that thebuyer knows the attributes and configura-tion of the consumer unit, intermediatepackage and pallet. This is a prerequisite notonly for orders and deliveries to be correct,but also for planning of transport, warehous-ing and store shelf usage. In short, correctmaster data is essential for an effective flowof goods and information.

How does this work?

For a number of years, Swedish grocery sup-pliers have sent item information to retailersto ensure that they have correct logistic mas-ter data. This is a prerequisite for the suppli-er’s products to be available in the retailer’sstores. In order to get this informationincluded in the electronic flow, the Swedishgrocery sector commissioned GS1 Sweden to

8Chapter

Trade Item Declaration

develop a service for quality assurance oftrade item data called Validoo Item.

GTIN (GS1 article number), packagedimensions and weights, number of con-sumer units in an outer package and numberof outer packages on a pallet are some of theattributes which must be supplied. Otherdetails can include package type, storageinstructions, markings such as KRAV-labelled goods, VAT details and REPA regis-tration.

Trade item data is most easily sent via asolution provider of which there are severalin the market. Their products often allowdata to be input simply through a web site.To ensure that this data is correct, it is sentto Validoo Item. This service can be orderedat www.gs1.se/validoo.

Read more about trade item decla-rations and Validoo Item atwww.gs1.se where you will also finda list of verified solution providers.

There are rules for how differentitems should be measured. Readmore at www.gs1.se/forpacknings-databas


Each industry has its own special words, expressions and abbreviations.This lists shows some of the common words and expressions within thegrocery industry. The list does not claim to be complete.

Brim – Liner in a pallet to hold together e.g. drinks packages.

Case – See Picking case.

CHEP – Global loading pallet and containerpool company.

Consumer package – The main task of theconsumer package is to make the productaccessible and at the same time protectand preserve its properties.

CoP – Another name for Consumer package.

CP – Consumer package. See Consumer package.

C-pack – See Consumer package.

Cross docking – Handling at a DC/wholesalerwhere the goods from the supplier for astore order are not placed in the ware-house at the DC/wholesaler. The receiveddelivery is immediately divided up intospecific store orders or they arrive alreadydivided and the goods deliveries are trans-ferred (cross-docked) to distribution vehi-cles.

CU – Consumer Unit – See Consumer package.

DC – Distribution Centre.

Dispatch Unit – See Pallet.

Display package – Package that is used bothto protect and display the goods in thestore.

Display pallet – A loading pallet approved bythe Swedish grocery industry measuring 600 x 800 mm or 800 x 1200 mm with con-sumer or outer packages belonging to oneor several different article numbers builtup in order to be displayed in the store. ADisplay pallet has a unique article number.Corresponds to TID’s basic configurationfor secondary packaging.

DLF – Grocery Manufacturers of Sweden(Dagligvaruleverantörers Förbund).

Dolly – Cart with four wheels for internaltransport of e.g. plastic crates.

DUN 14 – Dispatch Unit Number. Now calledITF 14 bar code and GS1 article number.

EAN/UCC – See GS1.

EANCOM – Description of GS1’s selected partsof EDIFACT.

ECR – Efficient Consumer Response – workingtogether to fulfill the consumer wishesbetter, faster and at less cost.

EDI – Electronic Data Interchange – computerfor computerised transfer of structured information between trading partners.

EDIFACT – EDI for Finance, Administration,Commerce and Transport. A UN agreementregarding international standards andguidelines for the exchange of structureddata.

EN – European Norm.

Full pallet – See Unmixed full pallet.

GS1 – A global organization with standard for the flow of information and goods,containing identification, labelling andelectronic trade.

GTIN – Global Trade Item Number. GS1 articlenumber. Former EAN article number.

Half pallet – A type of Display pallet. See Unmixed half pallet or Display pallet.

Handling unit – See Multiunit package.

ISO – International Standardisation Organisa-tion.

Layer pallet – Part (one or more layers) of anunmixed full pallet.

Liner – Layer of e.g. cardboard that is laid between the various layers in a loadingpallet.

Glossary


Load carrier – Device specially designed to carry and hold together goods during transport and handling. Examples includeloading pallets, roller containers and milktrolleys.

Loading pallet – Load carrier, for example fullpallet in accordance with SIS standardSS-EN 13698-1.

Mixed pallet – See Display pallet.

Modular system – A standard (SS 84 70 02) developed by the Swedish grocery sectorwith the dimensions 600 x 400 mm as thebasic module.

MP – Multiunit package. See Multiunit-package.

Multipack – A consumer package with severalconnected consumer packages.

Multiple pack – See Multipack.

Multiunit package – Open corrugated card-board box or plastic tray, which is used tohold together a number of outer packagesthat are difficult to stack on loading pallets.

Ordering unit – The unit, for example numberor weight, in which the store orders theproduct.

Origin labelling – Information for the consumerabout where the goods were grown orreared, for example.

Outer package – Name of the packaging levelthat is normally an orderable unit.

Paletten – A company and system for plasticfull pallets owned by Svenska Retursystem.

Pallet – Loading pallet with packages (goods).

Picking case – Used as a statistical unit of theunit that is delivered to the store.

Picking pallet – A delivery unit compiled by thewholesaler/DC for a specific store. This is aloading pallet approved by the Swedish grocery industry measuring 800 x 1200 mm,which is loaded and marked with the store’sdetails at the wholesaler/DC with outer packages belonging to several different article numbers for distribution to the store.

POS – Point of Sale. The point where the saleto the consumer is registered, for examplethe checkout.

POS Data – Information about the consumer’spurchases, which is registered in the storescheckout (articles, number, etc).

Primary package – See Consumer package.

RC – Roller container, see Roller container.

ReP – Retailer package. See Outer package.

REPA – Register for producer responsibility. The commercial sector’s system for recyclingpackaging.

Retail Ready Packaging (RRP) – see Shelf ReadyPackaging

RFID – Radio Frequency Identification. A technique for keeping track of where aparticular product is at any given time withthe aid of radio waves.

Roller cage – See Roller container.

Roller container – Industry standardised unit,which is used when transporting store-ordered goods from distribution centre tostore.

Roller pallet – See Roller container.

RP – Roller pallet. See Roller container.

SDH – Swedish Food & Drink Retailers’ Federation (Svensk Dagligvaruhandel).

Secondary package – See Outer package.

Shelf Ready Packaging (SRP) – a term used to describe a package that is ready to beplaced directly on the store shelf. It must be easy to identify, easy to open, easy todisplay, easy to handle and easy to buy. SRP covers all types of package includingdisplays, pallets, trays, crates, etc.

SIS – Swedish Standards Institute.

SKU – Stock Keeping Unit. Can be used as another name for Outer package.

Slave pallet – A loading pallet approved by the Swedish grocery sector measuring 800 x 1200 mm, which is used for exampleduring handling, storage and transport ofnon-approved loading pallets.

S-pack – Store package. See Outer package.

SS – Swedish Standard.


SSCC – Serial Shipping Container Code. Unique identity for delivery unit.

SSLF – Swedish Food Retail Federation.

Standard product – A product that is sold inthe same weight or volume in all packages.

Store pack – A delivery unit compiled by thesupplier for a specific store. Can comprise a loading pallet approved by the Swedishgrocery sector measuring 600 x 800 mm or 800 x 1200 mm, or an outer package(e.g. a returnable crate) that is marked with the store’s details at the supplier fordistribution to the store (possibly via cross-docking at the wholesaler/ DC).

Strict orientation – The outer package is placedon the loading pallet so that the bar codesare facing in the same direction as one ofthe two pallet labels.

SU – Sales unit. See Outer package.

Svenska Retursystem – A company and systemfor plastic half pallets and plastic returnablecrates jointly owned by DLF and SDH.

Terminal – Another name for distribution centre.

Tertiary package – See Pallet.

TID – Trade Item Declaration. Information froma supplier to a buyer with attributes forconsumer units, outer packages and pallets.

Traceability – Potential, through all the variousstages, to trace and follow food, fodder,food-producing animals or substances thatare intended, or that can be expected, tobe included in food or fodder. Traceabilityencompasses all the stages in the produc-tion, processing and distribution chain.

Trade unit – See Outer package.

Transport label – Swedish International Freight Association’s label STE (standardisedtransport label).

Transport package – See Multiunit package.

Transport-optimised pallet – Several palletsstacked on top of one another.

Unit load – See Pallet.

Unmixed full pallet – A loading pallet approved by the Swedish grocery industrymeasuring 800 x 1200 mm with a numberof outer packages belonging to the samearticle number. Corresponds to TID’s basicconfiguration for tertiary packaging.

Unmixed half pallet – A type of Display pallet.A loading pallet approved by the Swedishgrocery industry measuring 600 x 800 mmwith a number of outer packages belongingto the same article number. Corresponds toTID’s basic configuration for secondarypackaging.

Weight product – Each package has an individ-ual weight.

Wholesaler package – See Multiunit package.

CHEP: www.chep.com

DLF: www.dlf.se

GS1 Sweden: www.gs1.se

ECR Europe: www.ecrnet.org

ECR Sweden: www.ecr.se

Normpack: www.packforsk.se

Paletten: www.retursystem.se

SDH: www.dagligvaror.se

SIS: www.sis.se

Svenska Retursystem: www.retursystem.se

Web addresses

PACKAGING GUIDE FOR FMCG – SEPTEMBER 2008 – PART I I 27

ChecklistsPackaging guide for FMCG

CCoonntteennttss

CCoonnssuummeerr ppaacckkaaggeess ((CCPP)) 2288

OOuutteerr ppaacckkaaggeess ((OOPP)) 2299

MMuullttiiuunniitt ppaacckkaaggeess ((MMPP)) 3300

PPaalllleettss 3311

Part II of the Packaging guide for FMCG (Fast Moving Con-sumer Goods) contains checklists to be used when developingnew or adjusting existing consumer packages, outer packages,multiunit packages and pallets. The checklists are a work toolfor achieving the best possible handling throughout the entiregoods and information flow from manufacturer to consumer.In order to get the full picture, it is important to check againstall checklists, irrespective of the package type in question.

Background information regarding the checklists can befound in Part I of the publication.

The Packaging guide for FMCG can be found on ECRSweden’s website www.ecr.se where updates will be published.The checklists can be printed separately from ECR Sweden’swebsite.

PPAARRTT IIII

28 PACKAGING GUIDE FOR FMCG – SEPTEMBER 2008 – PART I I

Consumer packages (CP)

CHECKLIST FOR THE DESIGN OFCONSUMER PACKAGES (CP)

� Is the height of the entire pallet, CP with its OP including loading pallet, as close as possible to the maximum height of 1250 mm?

� Is the size of CP adapted to the shelfspace in the store for the product groupin question?

� Is the loading pallet’s bottom surfacefully utilised?

� Are the outer dimensions of CP adaptedso that OP is filled to as high a degreeas possible?

� Is CP clearly displayed when it stands ina tray on the shop shelf?

� Do selected packaging materials requireNormpack approval?

� Are the packaging materials in all theincluded packages – CP, OP, possiblyMP – selected so that the combined en-vironmental load is as small as possible?

� Can the combination of packaging material and design of CP and its OPcope with being handled on loading pallets, in roller containers, as well asstorage and transport, without damagebeing sustained by the package and theproduct?

� Is there an EAN article number and anEAN bar code, as well as information inplain text?

� Is the bar code on CP of a sufficientlyhigh quality and positioned so that it can be easily read with a scanner at thestore’s checkout?

� Do goods that are hazardous to healthand the environment have the requiredlabelling on the package?

� Is consumer information readily visible?

� Is it easy for the consumer to take theitem from the shelf?

� Does the information in the TID correspond to the physical item?

Information about components can be foundin the publication “Packaging guide forFMCG” Part I, issued by ECR Sweden.

Other names for con-sumer packages (CP)can include:

• Consumer Unit

• CoP

• C-pack

• Primary package


In most cases, the outer package (OP) is thesame as the orderable unit.

CHECKLIST FOR THE DESIGN OF OUTERPACKAGES (OP)

� Has the modular system been applied?

� Has consideration been given to the product’s rate of turnover in the storewhen determining OP’s size?

� Is the height of the entire pallet, OP orany multiunit package (MP), includingloading pallet, as close as possible to themaximum height of 1250 mm?

� Is the loading pallet’s bottom surface fully utilised?

� Are the packaging materials in all the included packages – CP, OP, possibly MPand Pallet – selected so that the combinedenvironmental load is as small as possible?

� Can the combination of packaging material and design of all included pack-ages (CP, OP and possibly MP) cope withbeing handled on loading pallets, in rollercontainers, as well as storage and trans-port, without damage occurring to thepackage and the product?

Outer packages (OP)

� Is OP’s weight, including product, a maximum of 15 kg? Does not apply to display pallets.

� Is there an GS1 article number and anbar code as well as information in plaintext on at least one side?

� Is the bar code on OP of such a qualitythat it is legible right up until the OP is broken?

� Is labelling for hazardous goods presentif required?

� Are there clear opening instructions?

� If the package is returnable, is the correct deposit code given in the TID?

� If a non-returnable half pallet is used, is it adapted to the SIS dimensions andcan it cope with the total weight of thepackages, including product?

� Is the packaging material at all levels – CP, OP, possibly MP and Pallet – easily handled?

� Is any display package stable?

� Is consumer information readily visibleand is it easy for the consumer to takethe item from the shelf?

� Is this a SRP package? If so, see ”Evalua-tion form for SRP” at www.ecr.se.

� Has a Trade Item Declaration (TID) beensent?


Other names for outer pack-ages (OP) can include:

• S-pack

• ReP

• Display pallet

• Case

• Secondary package

• SKU

• Trade Unit

30 PACKAGING GUIDE FOR FMCG – SEPTEMBER 2008 – PART I I

An outer package (OP) cannot always bestacked on a loading pallet. Examples in-clude the transport of entire hams or otherbutchery products. In this case, OP is placedin an MP, which is stackable and ideallyopen at the top.

CHECKLIST FOR THE DESIGN OFMULTIUNIT PACKAGES (MP)

� Has the modular system been applied?

� Is the height of the entire pallet (MP including loading pallet), as close as possible to the maximum height of 1250 mm?

� Is the loading pallet’s bottom surface fully utilised?

� Are the packaging materials in all theincluded packages – CP, OP, possiblyMP and Pallet – selected so that thecombined environmental load is as small as possible?

� Can the combination of packaging material and design of all included packages (CP, OP/MP) cope with beinghandled on loading pallets, in roller containers, as well as storage and transport, without damage occurring to the package and the product?

Multiunit packages (MP)

� Is MP’s weight, including product, a maximum of 15 kg?

� Is there an GS1 article number?

� Is labelling for hazardous goods presentif required?

� Has a Trade Item Declaration (TID)been sent?

It is not always possible to stack OPs on aPallet. The OPs are then put in an MPwhich can be stacked and preferably openat the top.

For Display Pallets see Outer Packages.

Information about components can befound in the publication “Packaging guidefor FMCG” Part I, issued by ECR Sweden.

Other names for multiunitpackages (MP) can include:

• Wholesale package

• Handling unit

• Transport package


Display pallets, see Outer packages

CHECKLIST FOR THE DESIGN OF PALLETS

� Is a loading pallet approved by theSwedish grocery industry being used?

� Is a non-returnable loading pallet beingused? Check that it has been adapted toSIS dimensions.

� Can the non-returnable pallet cope withthe total weight of the packages, includ-ing product?

� Is the loading pallet’s bottom surface fully utilised without pallet overhang?

� Are the packaging materials in all theincluded packages – CP, OP, possiblyMP and Pallet – selected so that thecombined environmental load is as small as possible?

Pallets

Note! The word pallet refersto loading pallets with goods.

Other common names forpallets can include:

• Unit load

• Tertiary package

• Unit load

• Dispatch Unit

� Is the height of an entire pallet withpackages, including loading pallet, asclose as possible to the maximum heightof 1250 mm?

� Does each layer contain the same numberof outer packages (OP)?

� Is the total pallet weight (packages including product and loading pallet) a maximum of 1,000 kg?

� Has the load restraint been adapted so that no damage is caused to the packages?

� Are GS1 pallet labels present?

� Is the pallet label of such quality that it islegible right up until the pallet is broken?

� If the package is returnable, is the correct deposit code given in the TID?

� Has a Trade Item Declaration (TID) been sent?


Why do we need aPackaging guide for FMCG? For

many years, the package has had threemain purposes: to protect and seal the products,

to be a bearer for the brand and to be an informationcarrier to the consumer.

In recent decades, the package has also developed intoone of the cornerstones of efficient logistics. The flow of goods

and information from manufacturer to consumer has becomeincreasingly complex, which affects those who sell and supply pack-aged goods. The design of the package, both physically and in termsof information, is now a decisive factor as regards whether a prod-uct can function in the flow of goods and information.

The Packaging guide for FMCG contains answers to many ofthe questions that need to be asked during the design and forma-tion of new packages or the adjustment of existing ones.

The Packaging guide for FMCG has been produced in closecollaboration between representatives of the grocery

industry. The author is ECR Sweden (EfficientConsumer Response), which is owned by DLF

(Grocery Manufacturers of Sweden) andSDH (Swedish Food & Drink

Retailers’ Federation).

Packaging guidefor FMCG


CAN ALSO BE FOUND ON THE INTERNET: WWW.ECR.SE

ECR Sweden

Box 1178

SE-111 91 Stockholm Sweden

Tel: +46 (0)8 - 501 010 62

Fax: +46 (0)8 - 501 010 01

E-mail: [email protected]

www.ecr.se

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 2008

packing guide for groceries

Business