Paediatrics - Child Health

• país - child, iatros - physician

• basic medical specialty + basic nursing specialty

• history:– industrial revolution– artificial feeding– infectious diseases

Child care

• Infant mortality - CzR

1923 14,7 % 2001 4,0 o/oo

• causes of death– infectious diseases– perinatal malformations, developmental

abnormalities, respiratory diseases

• natality 8,8 children/1000

Paediatrics x Medicine

• specific categories– LBW– newborn + infant– adolescence

• growth and development

• (chronic) disease and carreer

Child age intervals

• newborb - 28 days

• infant - 12 months

• “toddler” - up to 3 years

• preschool age

• school age

• adolescence (not puberty !)

Neonate and Infant

• High growth speed• Developement of

psychomotoric abilities

• Developmental disorders

• Perinatal disorders• Infections

Preschool and school age

• social interaction• low morbidity• infections• behavioral disorders• autoimmune diseases

Adolescence

• sexual maturation• adolescent rezistance• behavioral disorders• drug

abuse/experiments

History

• Deatiled FH ( incl. grandparents, parent´s next of kin, deceased siblings)

• Perinatal history - pregnancy, delivery, birth weight + lenght

• PM development

• feeding

• preventive measures (screening, vaccination)

History

• social conditions– living conditions– preschool/school– leisure activities

• adolescents– abuse (drugs, alcohol, tobacco)– sex. activity

Physical

• contact + observation– consciousness– overall appearence - fatigue, pain,

hyperactivity, agresivity, anxiousness– muscle tone (antalgic, deformities, gait etc.)

• interaction parents x child

• PM developent

Physical

• weight, height, centiles, BMI

• skin tonus and colour, exanthema

• joint movements

• foetal reflexes

• umbilicus

• large fontanelle

• teeth

Physical

• pharynx, rectal - at the end

• breathing, heart

• abdomen - specifics

• screening - PAF

• BP, HR, T, RF