page 1© crown copyright 2005 sop-0 amma/dabex/dodo meeting with amf, essc, reading, 26 th august,...

© Crown copyright 2005

SOP-0 AMMA/DABEX/DODO meeting with AMF, ESSC, Reading, 26th August, 2005.

Introduction/Science objectives

Jim Haywood (BAe146)

The core group members are:Jacques Pelon (F20 aircraft) Karine Desboeufs (surface stations)Paola Formenti (ATR-42)Ellie Highwood (DODO funding)Béatrice Marticorena (Modellling)


Agenda of TT7 specific meetings

January 2005: FAAM/DFL recce Niamey.April 2005: TT7 working group meeting, Paris.July 2005: TT7 working group meeting, Leeds.July 2005: TT7 logistic meeting, Cranfield.August 2005: AOC/FAAM logistic meeting, Cranfield.November 2005: FAAM/DFL/Met Office recce.Jan/Feb 2006: TT7 SOP-0 operations, Niamey & Dakar.April 2006: Debrief on SOP-0 activities.


The seasonal cycle of fires shifts with the position of the ITCZ

January February

December

July August


This is a unique area for investigating aerosols in December/January/February

Fires

Dust

Smoke

Niamey Base (DABEX/ AMMA)

Dakar Base (DODO)


Dust and Biomass Burning Experiment (DABEX, SOP-0)

Objectives:

To provide high quality in-situ and remote sensing measurements of mineral dust and biomass burning aerosol and combinations of the two.

To provide high quality spectral measurements of the effects of aerosol upon the radiation budget.

To determine the consistency of in-situ/satellite/surface based observations/retrievals

To better determine the source regions, source strengths and emission factors of aerosols/gases.

Improvement and validation of numerical models (global and regional, climate and NWP, dust forecasting models etc)


The Met Office/NERC/FAAM aircraft


Timetable now DODO is funded:-

3rd-6th January: Test flying in Cranfield9th January: Pack-up10th January: UK -> Niamey11th & 12th January: Set-up13th Jan- 1st Feb (20d): Operational flying

(50h=10flights)2nd February: Pack-up3rd February (Fri): Niamey -> Dakar (science

flight)4th & 5th February: Set-up6th -15th February (10d): Operational flying (30h=6 flights)16th February: Pack-up17th February: Dakar -> UK

SOP-0: BAe146


F20 (Jan/Feb 2006):13th January Transit to Niamey14th January Set up15th Jan- 1st Feb: Operational flying2nd February: Pack-up3rd February: Transit

F20 & ATR-42 (Nov/Dec 2006):23/24 Nov: Transit25/26 Nov: Set-up27th Nov- 16th Dec: Operational in Niamey17 Dec: Pack-up18/19Dec: Transit

SOP-0: F20 & ATR42

00/XXXX 9

1. Instrumentation layout for BAe146: SOP-0


SOP-0: BAe146 instrumentation (in-situ & remote sensing)

Aerosol in situ measurements: size distribution (wing-mounted PCASP, FSSP, SID; CVI, PCASP, VACC,

PCASP) aerosol chemistry (Aerodyne mass spectrometer, VACC, filter sampling) aerosol scattering and back-scattering (3 channel TSI nephelometer) aerosol absorption (PSAP) hygroscopic growth (3 channel RH controlled TSI nephelometer) total aerosol number (CNC) cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCN) Aerosol ice nucleation counter (INC) Aerosol lidar (probably not)

Radiation measurements: solar irradiances (upper and lower Eppley BBRs 0.3-0.7m, 0.3-3.0m). terrestrial irradiance (upper and lower pyrgeometers 3.0-30m). solar radiances (SWS instrument, sun-photometer) terrestrial radiances (ARIES spectral interferometer).

Gas phase measurements: CO, O3, NOx, NMHCs, PAN

Dropsonde system is also installed for T and RH.


Equipment on the ATR-42 (SOP-0)


Instrumentation on the F20 (SOP-0)


Aircraft Flight patterns:Aircraft Flight patterns:Satellites

F20

BAe146

ATR-42

AMFSurface

sites CIMELS

Free troposphere

Overlying dust

Underlying biomass burning aerosol


Surface based instrumentation

Sal IslandCapo Verde

-22.93°, 16.73°

BanizoumbouNiger

2.66°, 13.54°

Agoufou Mali -1.47°, 15.33°

Illorin Nigeria 4.34°, 8.32°

Dahkla Morroco-15.95°, 23.72°

OuagadougouBukina Faso -1.40°, 12.20°

Cinzana Mali -5.9°, 13.16°

Mbour Senegal-16.95°,14.35°

Lamto Ivory Coast-5.33°, 6.21°

Tamanrasset Algeria 5,51°, 22,78°

Just for AMMA

Djougou Benin1.58°, 9.75°

Zoétélé Cameroon11.88°, 3.25°

Maine Soroa Niger Just for AMMA SOP


List of flights that should be performed:

1) Aircraft-aircraft intercomparison.2) In-situ characterisation of biomass burning aerosol (aged plume).3) In-situ characterisation of biomass burning aerosol (fresh plume).

(emm factors)4) In-situ characterisation of mineral dust aerosols (aged).5) In-situ characterisation of mineral dust (fresh).6) In-situ characterisation of mineral dust and biomass burning

mixtures.7) Radiative closure studies compared to CIMELS sun-photometers

for different aerosol types.8) Into- and down- sun runs using sun-photometer for satellite

validation.9) Land-surface characterisation of surface reflectance (raster pattern

over AMF).10) Land surface characterisation of surface emissivity (raster pattern

over desert regions)


SOP-0 flights

BAeF20

1) Radiative closure flights 3 22) N/S transects 3 23) E/W transects 2 14) Local BB sources 25) Gulf of Gineau (refuel) 2 1


Radiative closure flights


North/South Flights


East/West Flights


Biomass burning plumes

Approximate time:

6x5min legs=30 mins

Downwind shift =20mins

Manoeuvres=10mins

Total=60mins


We’ve investigated whether the

collapse of the black carbon chain

structure is responsible for the change in o: not

sufficient to explain the differences -> more likely to be

the condensation of VOC gases

Abel et al., 2003

Courtesy of Peter Buseck

Black carbon chains

Filter substrate

Gaps in filter substrate


Looks abit like the Black Sea Flight in ADRIEX

Niamey

Cotonou

Operating area

1) Science transit measuring the aerosol properties

2) Radiative closure work in operating region

3) Refuel at Cotonou

4) Radiative closure work in operating region

5) Science transit measuring the aerosol properties.


Similar flights will be planned for the ATR-42 / F20 combination (Nov/Dec 2006)


All flights will consider

1) Meteorological conditions (e.g. clear-skies, forecasts – products available via satcom, ACMAD, UK Met Office etc)

2) Aerosol conditions (e.g. dust/biomass burning, forecasts from Met Office and other models)

3) Satellite and CIMELS availability/ overpasses4) Aircraft restrictions etc

….. To maximise the usefulness of the data.


BAe146 will also be operating from Niamey 17th July – 21st August (PIs Doug Parker, Claire Reeves)

The PIs should be made fully aware of the usefulness of additional 10-15minutes of flying before landing back at Niamey …..

BAe146 equipment will include aerosol instrumentation, and a very limited amount of radiation equipment. BBRs, SWS.

What sort of flying would you like given that the primary objectives are not radiation.

Profiles? - will show the aerosol profilesRaster patterns? - will allow surface reflectance studies

ATR42 and F20 aircraft will also be flying …. possibilities of obtaining additional data from these aircraft instruments.

THAT’S ALL FOR THE SOP2/3 stuff.

SOP-2/3: BAe146


Summary of the key time periods for collaborative aircraft measurements with AMF

13th Jan- 1st Feb: Operational flying (Niamey)3rd February: Niamey -> Dakar (science flight)6th -15th February: Operational flying (Dakar)17th July – 21st August: Opertaional flying (Niamey)23rd August: Niamey -> Dakar (science flight)25th-30th August: Operational flying (Dakar)27th Nov- 16th Dec: Operational in (Niamey) (F20 & ATR42)

German F20 aircraft will also be operating in Africa – I do not have finalised information on fit or flight plans, but likely based in Ougadougou, Burkina Fassau.

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