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PTS 2018 | Full Test 3 - Solutions | ForumIAS

Q.1)Ans) dExp) Allan Octovian Hume along with Dadabhai Naroji and Dinshaw Wacha were the founding

fathers of Indian National Congress. But Allan Octavian Hume never served as the President of Indian

National Congress.

The first presidency in the year 1885 was served by Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee.

George Yule, William Wedderburn and Alfred Webb held the presidency of Indian National

Congress in the year 1888, 1889 and 1894 respectively.

Another Englishman to serve the presidency of INC was Henry Cotton in the year 1904.

Q.2)Ans) bExp) Revolt of 1857, was not the first armed rebellion against the Britishers. Before 1857, armed

rebellions against Britishers were generally seen in Tribal Uprisings such as Santhal (1855), Kol

Uprisings etc. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.Attempt at religious reforms were seen by large section as interference in the social and religious

domains by the outsiders. Further, Government decision to tax Mosque and Temple land as well as

Religious Disabilities Act, 1856added fuel to the discontent of population. Hence, statement 2 iscorrect.Religious Disabilities Act, 1856: Modified Hindu customs, especially giving the son who has

changed his religion, right to inherit the property of heathen father even if it is against family wishes.

Q.3)Ans) aExp) Hasrat Mohani: an activist in the Indian Independence Movement, was also a noted poet of

Urdu language. His real name was Sayed Fazl-Ul-Hasan. Hasrat Mohani was his pen name. He

coined Inquilab Zindabad in 1921.

Ram Prasad Bismil: was an Indian revolutionary. He was known for Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918

and Kakori Conspiracy of 1925. He was also a founding member of Hindustan RepublicAssociation. He is also known for “Sarfaroshi Ki tamanna ab hamare dil mei hai”.Surya Sen: an Indian Independence Activist, who is noted for leading the Chittagong Armoury Raidin 1930.

Jatin Das:was an Indian independence activist and revolutionary. He joined the Anushilan Samitiand also participated in Non-Cooperation Movement in 1921.

Q.4)Ans) aExp) In the aftermath of Revolt of 1857, the policy of annexation followed by Britishers was

abolished. British new policy was to punish or depose but not to annex.

ForumIAS Offline 3rd Floor, Shop #6, Near Syndicate Bank, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi – 110060 | [email protected]

1856: Modified Hindu customs, especially giving

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After 1858, the fiction of authority of the Mughal Emperor ended; sanction for all matters of succession was required from the crown since the crown stood forth as the unquestioned ruler.Queen adopting the title of Kaiser-i-Hind (Queen Empress of India), the paramount supremacy of

the crown presupposed and implied the subordination of states. Hence, statement 1 is correct.Government of India Act, 1935 intended to initiate Policy of Equal Federation by creation of All

India Federation. The Scheme never came into existence and after the outbreak of World War II(1939), it was dropped altogether. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Q.5)Ans) cExp) Lord Canning: (1856 -58): The major incidents during his reign were

1) First three universities were set up in Bombay Presidency, Calcutta Presidency and Madras

Presidency.

2) Outbreak of revolt of 1857

Woods‟ Despatch (1854) and First Railway Service between Bombay and Thane (1853) were

under the reign of Lord Dalhousie (1848 – 56) as governor general.

Q.6)Ans) bExp) Walk Free Foundation (WFF): The Walk Free Foundation is a global organization.

Objective: It makes an attempt to end contemporary slavery and human trafficking.

More specifically, it is known for its Global Slavery Index.

What is Global Slavery Index?The Global Slavery Index presents an annual ranking of 167 countries based on the percentage of a

country’s population that is estimated to be in modern slavery.

Three key variables: It includes data on three key variables:

•

•

•

Prevalence of modern slavery in each country,

Vulnerability and

Government responses to modern slavery.

Q.7)Ans) dExp) Cripps Mission: March 1942: The Cripps mission was an attempt in late March 1942 by the

British government to secure full Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II.

Quit India Movement: August 1942: On 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session

in Bombay, Gandhi launched the 'Quit India' movement with its aim to end British Rule in India.

Cabinet Mission: March 1946:The United Kingdom Cabinet Mission of 1946 to India aimed to

discuss the transfer of power from the British government to the Indian leadership, with the aim of

preserving India's unity and granting it independence.


on (WFF): The Walk Free Foundation is a global organiza

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3rd June Plan: June 1947: Also known as Mountbatten Plan, drew up the laid down the plan of

partition and guaranteed dominion status to partitioned entities.

Q.8)Ans) cExp) Linlithgow offer more famously known as August Offer.Hitler‟s astounding success and the fall of Belgium, Holland and France put England in a

conciliatory mood.To get Indian cooperation in the war effort, the viceroy announced the August

Offer (August 1940). Hence, statement 1 is correct.The August offer proposed:

•

•

•

Dominion status as the objective for India.

Expansion of viceroy’s executive council.

Setting up of a constituent assembly after the war where mainly Indians would decide the

constitution according to their social, economic and political conceptions, subject to fulfilment

of the obligation of the Government regarding defence, minority rights, treaties with states, all

India services. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

No future constitution to be adopted without the consent of minorities.•

For the first time, the inherent right of Indians to frame their constitution was recognised and the

Congress demand for a constituent assembly was conceded. Dominion status was explicitly offered.

Q.9)Ans) aExp) Ras Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary had escaped from India and had been living in Japan

for many years, set up the Indian Independence League with the support of Indians living in the

countries of South East Asia. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.On 21 October 1943, Subhas Chandra Bose (Netaji) proclaimed the formation of the ProvisionalGovernment of the Independent India (Azad Hind) in Singapore. He came to Singapore to leadthe Indian Independence League and rebuild the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj). Netaji

went to the Andaman which had been occupied by the Japanese and hoisted there the flag of India.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Q.10)Ans) bExp) Mainpuri Conspiracy: On 28 January 1918 Ram Prasad Bismil published a pamphlet titled

"Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh" (A Message to Countrymen) and distributed it amongst public

along with his poem "Mainpuri Ki Pratigya" (Vow of Mainpuri). In order to collect funds for the party

looting was undertaken on three occasions in 1918.It is known as the "Mainpuri Conspiracy" against

the British King Emperor.Chittagong Armoury Raid: Loot of rifles from British Chittagong‟s Armoury of April 18, 1930.

Involved were : Surya Sen, Ambika Chakravarty, Ananta Singh, Loknath Bal, Ganesh Ghosh, Ananda


ly

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Gupta, Tegra Bal, Kalpana Dutta and Pritilata Wadekar. Surya Sen was hanged on January 12,

1934.

Kakori Conspiracy: Loot of official railways cash in August, 1925. Crackdown after Kakori

robbery led to arrests of many of whom 17 were jailed, foru transported for life and four hanged. Four

of whom were hanged were – Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah, Roshan Singh and RajendraLahiri.Lahore Conspiracy Case: (1928) The death of Lala Lajpat Rai led the Hindustan Socilaist

Republican Association again take the path of assassination of the British.To avenge the killing of Lal

Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Raj guru, Jai Gopal and Sukh Dev conspired to kill the police chief, Scott.But they shot on the DSP – J. P. Saunders, who was killed on the spot. Bhagat Singh immediately

fled from Lahore and to avoid recognition, he cut his beard and hair. Later he was trailed in this

Lahore Conspiracy Case when he was captured after throwing bomb in Delhi Assembly.

Q.11)Ans) dExp) In March 1942, a mission headed by Sir Stafford Cripps was sent to India with constitutionalproposals to seek Indian support for the war.

Reasons for sending Cripps Mission:1) Because of reverses suffered by Britain in South East Asia, the Japanese threat to invade

India seemed real and Indian support became crucial. Hence, statement 1 is correct.There was pressure on Britain from allies (USA, USSR, China) to seek Indian cooperation.Hence, statement 2 is correct.Indian Nationalists had agreed to support the allied cause if substantial power was transferred

immediate and complete independence given after the war. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

2)

3)

Q.12)Ans) cExp) A formula by veteran congress leader C Rajagopalachari to breakdown the political deadlockbetween Congress and Muslim League for realisation of Independence of India. It had a tacit

acceptance for the league’s demand of Pakistan.

Rajagopalachari Formula:

1.

2.

3.

Muslim League to endorse Congress Demand for Independence.

League to cooperate with Congress in forming a provisional government at the centre.

After the end of the war, the entire population of Muslim majority areas in North Westand North-East India to decide by plebiscite, whether or not to form a separate sovereign

state.

In case of acceptance of partition, agreement to be made jointly for safeguardingdefence, commerce, communication, etc.

The above terms to be operative only if England transferred full powers to India.

4.

5.


d Indian support became crucial. Hence, statement 1

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Jinnah‟s Objection:

1. He wanted congress to clearly accept the two-nation theory and hence opposed the ideaof common centre. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

2. He wanted only Muslims of North West and North East to vote in the plebiscite and not the

entire population. He considered League represented all the Muslims and the adult

franchise demanded by the formula was redundant. He also ran a risk of partitioning Bengaland Punjab if plebiscite were to happen. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Q.13)Ans) dExp) What is Protectionism?

• Protectionism refers to government actions and policies that restrict or restrain international

trade

Protectionism is often done with the intent of protecting local businesses and jobs from

foreign competition.

The primary objective of protectionism is to make local businesses or industries more

competitive by increasing the price or restricting the quantity of imports entering the country.

•

•

Relevance: The World Bank has cautioned that a rise in protectionism and policy uncertainty could

derail the fragile recovery of global economy. (The Hindu, 13th October, 2017)Taxation with tariffs:A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict

trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to

consumers.

Import Quotas: An import quota is a type of trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity

of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time.

Product Standards:Due to their product focus, national Standards can be used as technical barriers

to trade. WTO specifically requires countries to useInternational Standards in Technicalregulations.

Example: Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary Product Standards in Trade.

Subsidies:Subsidies make those goods cheaper to produce than in foreign markets. This results in a

lower domestic price. Both tariffs and subsidies raise the price of foreign goods relative to domestic

goods, which reduces imports.

Q.14)Ans) aExp) The first Carnatic War ended in 1748 with the signing of Treaty of Aix-La Chapelle which also

brought the Austrian War of Succession to a conclusion. Under the treaty, Madras was handedback to Britishers and the French in return got their territories in North America. Hence, optiona is correct answer.Third Carnatic War ended with signing of Treaty of Paris (1763).First Anglo Maratha War ended with Series of treaty being signed. Treaty of Surat (1775)was singed

which was negated later and Treaty of Purandhar (1776) was singed.


y ( )mposed on imported goods and services. Tariffsffsf are us

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Similary, in Bombay initially Treaty of Wadgaon (1779)was signed which further led to Treaty ofSalabai (1782) bringing the first phase of Anglo Maratha Struggle to an end.

Second Anglo Maratha War was concluded with signing oh Treaty of Bassein (1802).

Q.15)Ans) cExp) The underlying concern of the social reforms in India was revival of native cultural personality

which had got distorted by colonial domination. This cultural ideological struggle proved to be an

important instrument of evolution of national consciousness and part of Indian national resolve

to resist colonial culture and ideological hegemony. This was a positive aspect of Social Reform

Movement in India. Hence, option c is the correct answer.The shortcomings/negative aspects of Social Reform Movements in India were:

a) The base of these religious reforms was that they had a narrow social base, namely theeducated and urban middle class. Hence, the base was narrow.

The tendency of reformers to appeal to the greatness of the past and rely on scriptural

authority encouraged mysticism in new grabs and fostered pseudo-scientific thinking.

Over-emphasis on religious aspects rather than social aspects, as well revivalist praising

ancient history for Hindus while Medieval History for Muslim glories increased communal

consciousness and hence compartmentalised the society into religions.

b)

c)

Q.16)Ans) dExp) Indian Association of Calcutta: founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda

Mohan Bose. They were against conservative and pro-landlord policies of British. The aim of the

association was to:

1) create strong public opinion on political questions

2) unify Indian people on a common political programme.

The Indian League: started in 1875 by Sisir Kumar Ghosh with the object of stimulating the sense of

nationalism amongst the people and encouraging political education.

The Bomaby Presidency Association: A political association started in 1885 by Badruddin Tayabji,

Pherozshah Mehta and K.T. Telang.

Q.17)Ans) bExp) Komagata Maru was the name of the ship that was carrying 370 passengers, mainly Sikhs

and Punjabi Muslims would be immigrants from Singapore to Vancouver (Canada). They were

turned back by Canadian authorities after two months of Privation and uncertainty.

The ship finally anchored at Calcutta in September 1914. The inmates refused to board the Punjab

bound Train. 22 Persons died in conflict with the police. This created an explosive situation inPunjab.


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Hence, option b is the correct answer.

Q.18)Ans) cExp) The reason why Home Rule League Programme faded out by 1919:

1)

2)

3)

Lack of effective organisation

Communal riots were witnessed during 1917 – 18.

The moderated who had joined the congress after Besant’s arrest were pacified by the talks

of Montagu Reforms and Besant’s release. Montagu – Chelmsford reforms of 1918 further

divided the nationalist ranks in pursuing the agitation. Hence, statement 1 is correct.Talk of Passive resistance by the Extremists kept the moderated off from September 1918 onwards. Hence, statement 2 is correct.Besant’s confusion over reforms and the techniques of passive resistance at a time when

Tilak was away in England left the movement leaderless.

4)

5)

Q.19)Ans) dExp) Sri Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple in Madurai has been adjudged the cleanest iconicplace in the country underSwachhta Hi Seva (cleanliness is service) programme.

Meenakshi Temple is a historic Hindu temple located on the southern bank of the Vaigai River in

the temple city of Madurai,Tamil Nadu, India. It is dedicated to Meenakshi, a form ofParvati, andher consort, Sundareswar, a form of Shiva.

What is Swachhta Hi Seva campaign?

• It was a nation-wide, fortnight-long sanitation campaign launched to highlight the

government’s flagship cleanlinessinitiative Swachh Bharat Mission.

The campaign was coordinated by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, the

convening Ministry for theSwachh Bharat Mission.

The objective of the campaign is to mobilise people and reinforce the ―Jan Aandolan‖ for

sanitation to contribute to Mahatma Gandhi’s dream of a Clean India.

•

•

Q.20)Ans) aExp) Rowlatt Satyagraha was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi against gagging act passed byBritishers in 1919 after conclusion of World War 1 known as Rowlatt Act.The idea of satyagraha was not clearly developed in mind of nationals of India and there were violent

incidents throughout the country. The Satyagraha was also not full developed and hence did not

spread to the whole of country.

Punjab remained the most sensitive area throughout the satyagraha and ended in Jallianwala BaghMassacre of innocent people involved in peaceful protests.

On April 18, 1919 Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the movement and called it a 'Himalayan blunder'.


ric Hindu temple located on the southern bank of the

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Q.21)Ans) bExp) The Raleigh Commission (1902) was set up to go into conditions of universities in India:

to suggest measures for improvement in their constitution and working. The commission precluded

from reporting on primary or secondary education. Based on its recommendations, the IndianUniversities Act was passed in 1904.

As per the Act:1) Universities were to give more attention to study and research, and

2) The number of fellows of a university and their period in office was reduced and most fellows were

to be nominated by the Government.

Q.22)Ans) bExp) The participation of Muslims in the Civil Disobedience Movement was nowhere near to the Non-

cooperation Movement level. As the objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Khilafat

movement were clubbed together, the movement was able to bring the urban Muslims into the

national movement. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) was immediately followed by communal clashes. For example,

clashes in the Malabar region. There were no communal clashes during the Civil Disobediencemovement. Hence, statement 2 is correctNo major labour upsurge was coincided with the movement. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.There was massive participation of peasants and business groups in the Civil Disobedience

Movement. Whereas, the business groups across the country mainly remained inactive or pro-British

during the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM). Hence, statement 4 is correct.

Q.23)Ans) dExp) Nil Darpan is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858 - 1859. The play was

published from Dhaka in 1860, under a pseudonym of the author. Hence, statement 1 is correct.The play was essential to Nilbidraha, better known as the Indigo revolt of 1859 in Bengal, when

farmers refused to sow indigo in their fields to protest against exploitative farming under the British

Raj.

'Navanna', a play by Nabin Chandra Das. The theme of the play was based on the famine ofBengal. Hence, statement 2 is correct.Bharat Mata is an epic painting by celebrated Indian painter, Abindranath Tagore. It dates back to

1905 depicts a saffron clad woman, dressed like a sadhvi, holding a book, sheaves of paddy, a piece

of white cloth and a garland in her four hands. The painting is also considered significant because

of its historical value and since it had helped in conceptualizing the idea of Bharat Mata (MotherIndia). Hence, statement 3 is correct.


ent 2 is correct

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Q.24)Ans) bExp) During the times of Lord Curzon, the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act of 1904 was

passed. This act made any injury to the protected monuments an offence punishable under the law.

This act also established the Archaeological Department which was to collect the historical

documents and importance, conduct excavations and bring the ancient historical information into light.

Hence, option b is the correct answer.

Q.25)Ans) aExp) During the 1920s in South India, there were numerous movements demanding lifting of ban on

entry of lower castes into temples. Sri Narayana Guru in Kerala led a lifelong struggle against upper

caste domination. He coined the slogan "one religion, one caste, one God, for mankind", which his

disciple Sahadaran Ayyapan changed into "no religion, no caste, no God for mankind." Hence, optiona is the correct answer.

Q.26)Ans) cExp) Lee Commission, body appointed by the British government in 1923 to consider the ethnic

composition of the superior Indian public services of the government of India. The chairman was Lord

Lee of Fareham, and there were equal numbers of Indian and British members.

The Lee Commission proposed in 1924 that 40 percent of future entrants should be British, 40

percent Indians directly recruited, and 20 percent Indians promoted from the provincial service.

Hence, option c is the correct answer.

Q.27)Ans) cExp) Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (SANKALP) and

Skill Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE), World Bank supported schemes

have been approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs.

SANKALP:SANKALP is Rs 4,455 crore Centrally sponsored scheme including Rs. 3,300 crore loan

support from World Bank and will provide market relevant training to 3.5 crore youth

STRIVE: is a Rs. 2,200 crores – central sector scheme, with half of the scheme outlay as World bank

loanassistance and will focus to improve on the quality andthe market relevance of vocational training

provided in ITIs and strengthen the apprenticeship programmethrough industry-cluster approach.

SANKALP and STRIVE are outcome focused schemes marking shift in government’s implementation

strategy in vocational education and training from inputs to results.

Hence, option c is the correct answer.

Q.28)


dian public services of the government of India. The cha

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Ans) cExp) Treaty of Amritsar: Signed on April 25, 1809 between Ranjit Singh and Britishers. It placed a

check on Ranjit Singh’s long cherished dream of to extend his rule over the entire Sikh nation by

accepting the river Sutlej as the boundary line for his dominions.

Treaty of Lahore: Signed on March 8, 1846 as a consequence of First Anglo Sikh war. It led to

annexation of Jalandhar Doab by Britishers. A British resident was to be established at Lahore under

Henry Lawrence.

Treaty of Bhairowal: Unsatisfied with issue of Kashmir being addressed in Treaty of Lahore, Sikhs

rebelled. Consequence of this Treaty of Bhairowal was signed in December 1846. Rani Jindan was

removed as a regent and a council of regency for Punjab was set up. The council consisted of 8 Sikh

sardars presided over by the English resident, Henry Lawrence.Treaty of Purandhar: It was a consequence of First Anglo – Maratha War.

Hence, option c (i.e. 1, 2 and 3) is the correct answer.

Q.29)Ans) cExp) British emphasised on social reforms with legislations against social evils like Sati, Child

Marriage and Widow marriage etc. But, conservatives and orthodox saw this as an interference andinfluence of foreign rule on the social and religious fabric of the country. This consolidated a

section of society against the Britishers, which then aided in the Revolt of 1857. Favourable terms for

functioning of Christian Missionaries along with taxation on lands of place of worships ofHindu and Muslims as well as legislation like Religious Disabilities Act, 1856 created a mood in

society that Britishers intend to ruin their religion.

Britishers sensed this mood after the Revolt of 1857, and tried to pacify the section of society by

staying away from major social reforms. Hence, option c is the correct answer.

Q.30)Ans) dExp) The Global Human Capital Index for the year 2017 has been released. The list compiled by

Geneva-based World Economic Forum (WEF) takes into account “the knowledge and skills people possess that enable them to create value in the global economic system‖ to measure

the „human capital‟ rank of a country.

The report measures 130 countries against four key areas of human capital development;Capacity (determined by past investment in formal education), Deployment(accumulation of skills

through work), Development(continued upskilling and reskilling of existing workers) and Know-how(specialised skills-use at work).

Q.31)Ans) c


Britishers, which then aided in the Revolt of 1857. F

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Exp) Narayan Malhar Joshi (1875-1955) was born in Kolaba district of Maharashtra in 1875 and was

educated at Poona and Bombay. In 1909, he joined Servants of India Society and took up the cause

of labour.

He was instrumental in the founding of theSocial Service League in 1911 for improving the

condition of the common masses. He was also associated with several Labour organisations and in

1920 he along with Lala Lajpat Rai laid the foundation of the All India Trace Union Congress.

Hence, both the statements are correct.

Q.32)Ans) aExp) The last decade of 18th century and the first half of the 19th centuries witnessed a politicaltriangle in Asia. The Russians started their expansion to the South in Central Asia, while the

British though still in Calcutta, but clearly fore-saw that the whole India, soon was to form a part of

their vast Empire. They saw Russia, a powerful country of Europe, with vast room for expansion into

Asia. This was one of the most important reason behind the annexation of Sindh. Hence,

statement 1 is correct.Another major reason behind annexation of Sindh was the debacle of British in the first AngloAfghan War (1839-42). British had felt the need for a conquest to compensate the loss of theprestige. Hence, statement 2 is correct.Sindh was annexed despite the fact that the Amirs who ruled the Sindh had just signed anagreement in 1839, highly favourable to the British. Amirs had done no wrong and the annexation

was purely imperialist in nature. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Q.33)Ans) dExp) Paika Rebellion celebrating its 200 years found mention in Budget Speech of 2017.

Paika Rebellion, an armed uprising against the British East India company in Khurda area ofOdisha in 1817. It was led by Buxi Jagabandhu (Bidyadhar Mohapatra).The Paikas were the traditional land-owning militia of Odisha and served as warriors. They

revolted against the British after the later took over their rent-free land, 14 years after Odisha

came under British rule in 1803.

Recently the Minister of Human Resource Development announced that Paika Rebellion will be

renamed as ―First War of Independence‖.

Q.34)Ans) bExp) The editor as well as the publishers and the other associated persons will be arrested ifany newspaper published in native language, reports anything against the British. The

equipment and machineries will also be seized. Proceedings were instituted against Som


the fact that the Amirs who ruled the Sindh had

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Prakash under Vernacular Press Act but Amrita Bazar Patrika turned overnight into an Englishnewspaper to escape the Act. Hence, statement 1 is correct.Under this Act the district magistrate was all empowered to take punitive actions, which cannot beappealed in the court of law. Hence, statement 2 is correct.The Vernacular Press Act was passed by Lord Lytton. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Q.35)Ans) aExp) Raleigh commission:

1. So, with an idea to bring the Universities under control, Lord Curzon appointed Raleigh Commission under Sir Thomas Raleigh. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.

The Raleigh Commission had only one Indian member,Syed Hussain Belgrami.But when the Hindus protested about this, Justice Guru Das Banerjee was called from the

High Court of Calcutta and made a member.

This commission submitted its report in 1902 and this followed introduction of a Bill called Raleigh Bill. The Raleigh Bill when became an act, it was called Indian Universities Act1904.

2.

3.

4.

Hunter commission:

The Hunter Commission of 1882 which was appointed by Lord Riponleft the University educationcompletely and emphasized upon the primary education. On the contrary, the RaleighCommission excluded the primary education completely and emphasized upon the HigherEducation only. Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched.

Charles wood Despatch:

Charles Wood was a British Liberal politician and Member of Parliament. He served as Chancellor of

the Exchequer from 1846 to 1852. Later he became the President of the Board of Control of the East India Company. In 1854, he sent the “Wood‟s despatch” to the Governor General Lord

Dalhousie. Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.

Q.36)Ans) dExp) The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog in partnership with US

Government hosted 8th annual Global Entrepreneurship Summit (GES 2017) in Hyderabad(Telangana) from November 28 to 30, 2017. The theme for this year is ―Women First, Prosperityfor All‖ to celebrate entrepreneurship in all its strength, diversity and entirety. This is the first time

GES is being held in South Asia. Hence, option d is the correct answer.New Trends in Education in the 21st Century – was the theme of Global Education Summit 2016

Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution – was the theme of World Economic Forum Annual

Meeting 2016.

Responsive Leadership – is the theme of World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2017.


1882 which was appointed by Lord Riponleft the Uni

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Q.37)Ans) bExp) Eminent Scientist and Bharat Ratna Prof C.N.R. Rao was awarded 2017 Von Hippel Award,the highest international prize in materials research. He is first Indian and first Asian to winthis honour. The award will be presented to Prof Rao for his interdisciplinary contributions to

development of novel functional materials, including nanomaterials, graphene, superconductivity,

2D materials and colossal magnetoresistance at Boston in November 2017. Hence, option b is thecorrect answer.

Q.38)Ans) dExp) The Bengal regulations of 1795 and 1804 declared infanticide illegal and equivalent tomurder, while an Act passed in 1870 made, it compulsory for parents to register the birth of allbabies and provided for verification of female. Hence, all the three acts aided in prevention of

female infanticide. Hence, option d is the correct answer.

Q.39)Ans) aExp) Indian Councils Act, 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms), hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

•

•

•

•

First attempt at introducing a representative and popular element.

Councils, for the first time, referred to as 'legislative councils'.

Separate electorates for Muslims introduced. Hence, statement 2 is correct.The act empowered the members to discuss the budget and move resolutions before itwas approved finally. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

The beginning of non-official resolutions in the council.

The number of members of central legislative councils was raised from 16 to 60. The

number in Provincial legislative council was not uniform. Legislative councils of Bengal,

Bombay and Madras was increased to 50 members each. The provincial legislature of U.P.

was to have 50, of Assam, Burma and Punjab 30 each.

•

•

Q.40)Ans) aExp) The Individual Satyagraha was not to seek independence but to affirm the right ofspeech.Acharya Vinoba Bhave offered Satyagraha by making an anti - war speechwhich was in

violation of Defence of India Act. Hence, option a is the correct answer.

Q.41)Ans) dExp) Kheda Satyagraha took place in 1918; it was the first non-cooperation movement. SardarPatel and Indulal Yagnik were the major supporters.


ucing a representative and popular element.

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Bardoli Satyagraha (1926-28) was against increase in land revenue. It was led by SardarVallabhbhai Patel. It was during this movement that the women of Bardoli gave him the title,SardarPatel also participated in the Nagpur Flag Satyagraha of 1923.

All the events saw participation of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Hence, option d is the correct answer.

Q.42)Ans) cExp) The Khonds came to the limelight during the British Raj for their Rebellion against the Britisheffort to suppress their traditional practices of Human sacrifice. Hence, option c is the correctanswer.These sacrifices were known as Meriah and were considered to be essential for maintaining thefertility of the earth. It was incumbent on the Khonds to purchase their victims. Unless bought with a

price, they were not deemed acceptable.

They seldom sacrificed Khonds, though sometimes Khonds, out of piety, or promise to an ancestor

spirit, did sell their children, often for a token amount, and they could then be purchased as Meriahs.

Persons of any race, age or sex were acceptable if purchased. Many were bought and kept and well

treated as full members of the community.

The British sent Maj. George Edward Russel as the "Meriah Agent" to Ghumsar Native PrincelyState in 1836 to stop the brutal and inhuman practise of Human Sacrifice by the Khonds living in

the forested tracts of Ghumsar.

Q.43)Ans) bExp) The Indian National Congress held its session in Karachi for second time in 1931 (March 29-31)

to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin or Delhi pact. This session was presided by Vallabbhai J. Patel.

Hence, option b is the correct answer.In this session, the congress adopted a resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policywhich represented the Party's Social, Economic and Political programme. It was later known as

Karachi Resolution.

The first Karachi session was held in 1913 and presided by Nawab Syed Mohammed Bahadur. DelhiProposals – 1927– were discussed in Madras Session of Indian National Congress in

December 1927.

World War 1 – 1914 – 1919Simon Commission protests – 1928

Q.44)Ans) cExp) Nehru Report in August 1928 was a memorandum outlining a proposed new dominionstatus constitution for India. It was created as an answer to challenge posed by Lord Birkenhead


utal and inhuman practise of Human Sacrifice bp y th

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that Indians cannot draft a constitution which is acceptable among the various leaders of different

communities in India. In response, All Party Conference met in February 1928 and appointedcommittee under leadership of Motilal Nehru to draft a constitution. Hence, statement 1 iscorrect.Nehru Report 1928 recommendations:

• Dominion status on line of self-governing dominions as form of government desired by

Indians. Complete Independence was not recommended. Hence, statement 2 isincorrect.Rejection of separate electorates. Joint electorates with reservation of seats for Muslimsat the centre and in provinces where they were in minority.

Federal form of government with residuary powers in hand of Centre.

Creation of Supreme Court and a suggestion that the provinces should be organised on

linguistic lines. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Nineteen Fundamental rights

Full protection of cultural and religious interest of Muslims

Complete disassociation of state from religion

Language of Commonwealth to be Indian, which may be written in any character. Use of

English language should be permitted.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Q.45)Ans) aExp) On recommendation of Swaran Singh Committee, the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976

provided for the insertion of Articles 323-A and 323-B in the Constitution.

•

•

Article 323A deals with administrative tribunals.

Article 323B deals with tribunals for other matters.

Hence, option a is the correct answer.Ashok Mehta Committee (1978) and Dr L M Singhvi Committee (1986) dealt with Panchayati Rajconcerns.

T K Vishwanathan Committee (2017) deals with the issue of hate speech.

Relevance: Law Commission of India (LCI), in its 272nd report,has laid out a detailed procedure for

improving theworking of the tribunal system in the country.

Q.46)Ans) dExp) An independence referendum, recently held in Catalonia was backed by 90 percent of voters

supporting the region breaking away from Spain.

Catalonia: It is an autonomous community of Spain in thenorth-east end of the Iberian Peninsula. It

has fourprovinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona.

The capital and largest city is Barcelona, which is the second most populated city in Spain.


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Q.47)Ans) dExp) During Swadeshi Movement, the action of the authorities led to a movement among thestudents to boycott the Calcutta University which they described as Golamkhana (House of

manufacturing slaves). At a conference attended by a large number of very eminent men of Bengal in

different walks of life held on 10 November 1905, it was decided to establish at once a NationalCouncil of Education in order to organize a system of education-literary, scientific and technical- on

national lines and under national control. Hence, statement 1 is correct.The positive element of economic swadeshi was the regeneration of indigenous goods. The boycott of

foreign goods led to the increase in demand of indigenous goods especially clothes which fell short of

supply. The Boycott movement in Bengal supplied a momentum and driving force to the cotton mills in

India. The economic boycott movement seemed to be a suitable opportunity for reviving handloom

industry. The clothes produce was very coarse but were accepted by the Bengalis in the true spirit of

the Swadeshi Movement. Hence, statement 2 is correct.The number of national schools also grew apace with time. Primary education in vernacular language

was encouraged and for technical education Bengal technical institute was established. Hence,

statement 3 is correct.

Q.48)Ans) aExp) Pagalpanthi Movement was a peasant movement and not a religious reform movement.Hence, option a is incorrectly matched.

Pagal Panthis were a mixture of the Hinduism, Sufism and Animism, which became prominent in

Bengal (Now in Bangladesh). The sect was founded by Karam Shah, and his son Tipu Shah led

these people to uphold the religion and rights of the peasants in Bengal. He captured Sherpur in

1825, after standing up against oppressive taxes and laws imposed by the Zamindars and theBritish. The rebels kept disturbed the area for more than 2 decades. Tipu Shah died in 1852, but the

resistance movement continued.

Q.49)Ans) aExp) Government of India Act 1919 had introduced the system of dyarchy to govern the provinces

of British India. This act had a provision that a commission would be appointed after 10 years toinvestigate the progress of the governance scheme and suggest new steps for reform. The

Government in England was a conservative Government which was not in very much favour of giving

any control to Indians. In March 1927, his majesty’ s Government announced its decision to appoint

the ―Statutory Commission‖ in advance of the prescribed date. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.The personnel of the Commission and its terms of reference were announced in November 1927. Ithad 7 members which were lifted from the three political parties of the British Parliament under

the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. None of the Indians was appointed in the commission and the


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promise of appeasing the Indian opinion seemed to be a bubble. When no Indian was included in the commission, it was like depriving of their right to participate in the determination of theconstitution of their own country. Hence, statement 2 is correct.The Commission paid two visits to India (February-March, 1928, October 1928—April 1929). Each

time it faced boycott. It made extensive tours and prepared a report which was published in May

1930.The outcome of the Simon Commission was the Government of India Act 1935, whichestablished representative government at the provincial level in India and is the basis of many

parts of the Indian Constitution. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Q.50)Ans) cExp) Gadar Party was founded in United States and Canada.

Indian independence league was found in different South East Asian Nations. The first such

league was founded by Ras Behari Bose.

Indian Association was founded in Calcutta by Anand Mohan Bose and S N BanerjeeEast India Association was founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

Q.51)Ans) aExp) The term ―conscience-keeper‖ refers to a person whom an individual listen to when in doubt

about moral values but not necessarily agrees with. Gandhi was over scrupulous in subjecting his

conscience to self-scrutiny whenever he confronted a moral doubt in his personal and public life. He

called Rajaji his conscience-keeper only once. That was in May 1933. Hence, option a is the

correct answer.

Q.52)Ans) bExp) Locky Ransomware demanded ransom of half bitcoin value. To target users spam e-mails

showing links to fake websites is being used to spread Locky variants.

This was the third major ransomware attack this year after Wannacry and Petya that crippled

thousands of computers, including those of multinationalcorporations. Hence, option b is the correctanswer.

Q.53)Ans) bExp) Self - Explanatory

Q.54)Ans) c


eeper‖ refers to a person whom an individual listen to wh

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Exp) Demand was to reduce land revenue by 50 percent; not to abolish it altogether. DominionStatus was not among the famous 11 demands before Civil Disobedience Movement.Point 2 and4 are incorrect.The list of demands consisted the following:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Prohibit intoxicants,Point 1 is correct.

Change the ratio between the rupee and the sterling,

Reduce the rate of land revenue,

Abolition of salt tax,Point 3 is correct

Reduce the military expenditure,

Reduce expenditure on civil administration,

Impose custom duty on foreign cloth,

Accept the Postal Reservation Bill,

Abolish the CID department,

Release all political prisoners, and

Issue licenses of arms to citizens for self-protection.

Q.55)Ans) bExp) Indian Council Act, 1861:

1. Introduction of the Portfolio system (based on Lord Canning’s rules of business), by which each

member of the Viceroy's Executive council was put in charge of a department. Hence, b is thecorrect answer.2. Establishment of Legislative Councils in various provinces like Madras, Bombay and Bengal.

3. Enlargement of the Legislative wing of the Viceroy's council.

Q.56)Ans) aExp) With announcement of the Quit India Movement, Mahatma Gandhi was kept in Agha KhanFort at Poona and others were kept in the Fort of Ahmednagar. And Congress was declaredillegal. So, this movement was directionless and leaderless. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.It is also known as August Resolution because it started in the month of August. Hence,

statement 2 is correct.Dr. Ambedkar opposed the movement. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Q.57)Ans) bExp) Recently, Lancet study raised concern about double burden of malnutrition, that is,

underweight as well as obese children in India.


1861:

o system (based on Lord Canning’s rules of busines

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India has the highest number of moderately and severely underweight children and adolescentsin the world, i.e. approx. 97 million out of 192 million worlds’ moderately or severely underweight

children andadolescents lived in India in 2016.

The Lancet study, published recently in 2017, analysed that the number of obese children andadolescents rose from 11 million in 1975 to 124 million in 2016 globally – a tenfold increase.If these

trends continue, there will be more obese than underweight children by 2022. Hence, option b isthe correct answer.

Q.58)Ans) cExp) Lord Linlithgow was the Viceroy during the Cripps Mission.

The Communal Award was given during Lord Willingdon's tenure.

Q.59)Ans) dExp) Paona Brajabashi – ManipurPaona Brajabashi was a great patriot of Manipur during the British colonial time of 1891 in Manipur.Paona Brajabashi stood up against the mighty British and fought hard against the foreign forces what

the historians described (it) as one of the fiercest battles in the annals of Indian history.

Tirot Sing Syiem – MeghalayaTirot Sing Syiem is one of the greatest freedom fighters to hail from the northeast. The patriotic valour

of Tirot Sing, as he is more commonly known, is unmatched in the history of the sub-continent’s

struggle against colonialism.In the attempt to prevent the Khasi Hills from falling into colonial hands,

Tirot Sing, a Khasi chief, had raised the battle cry against the invasive British forces on April 4, 1829,but was eventually captured and defeated. He died in captivity in Dhaka on July 17, 1835.

Rani Gaidinliu – ManipurRani Gaidinliu sacrificed & full dedicated her precious life to save & free the Naga society from theBritish rule in our country. Gaidinliu was born on 26th January 1915 at Luangkao village of present

Manipur. Gaidinliu announced- ―We are free. We shall not give any right to rule upon us to foreigner‖.

She is also noted to be the longest female freedom fighter to be jailed in the freedom struggleKanaklata Barua also called 'Birbala' was an Indian freedom fighter from Assam. During the Quit

India Movement Kanaklata joined the Mrityu Bahini, a death squad comprising groups of youth from

the Gohpur sub division of Assam. On 20 September, 1942, Kanaklata was shot dead while leading a

procession bearing the National Flag during the Quit India Movement.

Q.60)Ans) bExp) The Simla Accord, or the Convention Between Great Britain, China, and Tibet, [in] Simla, was

a treaty concerning the status of Tibet negotiated by representatives of the Republic of China,


ya

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Tibet and the United Kingdom in Simla in 1913 and 1914. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect as it is

called Simla Conference not the Simla Accord.

The Simla Conference 1945 was a meeting between the Viceroy and the major political leaders of

British India at Simla, India. Convened to agree on and approve the Wavell Plan for Indian self-government, it reached a potential agreement for the self-rule of India that provided separate

representation for Muslims and reduced majority powers for both communities in their majority

regions.

Criticism of the Wavell PlanThe Wavell Plan in essence, proposed the complete Indianisation of the Executive Council, butinstead of asking all the parties to nominate members to the Executive Council from all thecommunities, seats were reserved for members on the basis of religion and caste, with thecaste Hindus and Muslims being represented on it on the basis of parity. Even Mahatma Gandhi

resented the use of the words ―caste Hindus‖. Hence, statement 3 is correct.While the plan proposed immediate changes to the composition of the Executive Council it did notcontain any guarantee of Indian independence, nor did it contain any mention of a futureconstituent assembly or any proposals for the division of power between the various parties of India.

Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Q.61)Ans) bExp) Tehrik-e-Khilafat, a was Punjab Khilafat deputation comprising Moulana Manzoor Ahmed and

Moulana Lutfullah Khan Dankauri took a leading role throughout India, with a particular concentration

in the Punjab. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.The Khilafat movement (1919–22) was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign launched byMuslims in British India to influence the British government to protest against the dissolutionof Turkish Caliphate. The movement became the reason for separation from mainland India of an

Islamic Pakistan. The movement was a topic in Conference of London (February 1920); however,

Arabs saw it as threat of continuation of Turkish dominance of Arab lands. Hence, statement 2

is correct.

Q.62)Ans) aExp) The 1916 session was known for coming together of Congress and Muslim League for the

so called illusory Hindu Muslim Unity.

Congress and Muslim league negotiated and reached an agreement to pressure the Britishgovernment to adopt a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority in respect

with the self-government.

This was for the first time that Muslim League and Congress met at a common platform for the

first time since their birth.


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At that time, it was called a symbol of Hindu Muslim unity and Sarojini Nayudu hailed Jinnah as an

―Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity‖.

The unity lasted a few years. Till Lucknow pact, Muslim League was nowhere in the national politics.

Hence, option a is the correct answer.

Q.63)Ans) aExp) Scientists at CSIR have developed an artificial leaf that absorbs sunlight to generatehydrogen fuel from water.Artificial leaf is an ultra-thin wireless device that consists of semi-

conductors stacked in such a manner as to simulate the natural leaf system.When visible light

strikes the semi-conductors, electrons move in single direction thus producing electric currentwhich almost instantaneously splits water into hydrogen. Hence, statement 1 is correct.Bionic Leaf uses solar energy to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen, andhydrogen-eating

bacteria to produce liquidfuels from CO2. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Q.64)Ans) aExp) During the British rule, there were British provinces and princely states. British provinceswere directly under the rule of British government, while princely states were ruled by princes

under the British paramountcy.

By middle of the 19th century British had established complete control over India. And gradually all

the princely states were also forced to accept the British paramountcy.

Although these states were left to rule by princes, but in reality, these princes were no morethan string puppets of British governmentand were dependent on the British government for

internal and external protection.

Due to protection provided by British government rulers of these states started to feel free to ignorewellbeing of general population.

After the acts of 1919 and 1935, people under the British provinces were given some political rights

and participation in the administration, but people under the princely states did not get any rights.

Encouraged by national movements, people of princely states formed Praja Mandals‟ or „Praja Parishads‟ against their feudal princes and the British administration simultaneously for theirrights. The national movements in the princely states by these Praja Mandals are also calledPraja Mandal movements. Hence, option a is the correct answer.

Q.65)Ans) c


ule of British government, while princely states we

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Exp) In December 1927, a large number of Muslim leaders had met at Delhi at the Muslim League

session and evolved four proposals for Muslim demands to be incorporated in the draftconstitution.

These proposals, which were accepted by the Madras session of the Congress (December 1927),

came to be known as the „Delhi Proposals‟.Proposals were:-

• In the Punjab and Bengal, the proportion of representation should be in accordance with the

population.

In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than a third, and that also,

by a mixed electorate.

Joint electorates in place of separate electorates with reserved seats for Muslims/

Formation of three new Muslim majority provinces: Sindh, Baluchistan and North-West

Frontier Province.

•

•

•

Q.66)Ans) bExp) The members of Arya Samaj were guided by 'ten principles' of which the first one was studying

the Vedas. Hence, statement 1 is correct.They did oppose child marriage, andencouraged widow remarriage. Hence, statement 2 isincorrect. Other humanitarian missions of the organization included the support for women's right to

vote, and protection for widows.

Dayanand Saraswati preached that the Vedas were infallible. This was because of his ardent desire

to give the Hindus a definite set of religious beliefs, which would give them a militant character.He also undertook reconversion of those Hindus who had been converted to other religions such

as Islam and Christianity. For this purpose, a purification ceremony called Shuddhi was prescribed.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Q.67)Ans) dExp) It was the common people’ struggle for rid themselves of foreign yoke is incorrect. Indians didnot yet have a realisation of "nation" concept or even of the fact that they were slowing

undergoing foreign occupation.

It was the first attempt by Indians at national unification is incorrect. There was no plan for

national Unification. It may be noted that India as a single nation did not exist. What existed were

multiple kingdoms. Especially after the demise of Aurangzeb, even the mighty Mughal Empire had

reduced in territory and kingdoms of the south were powerful and big.

It was a mutiny by a very small section of Indian sepoys of British army is not enirely correct. It

began as a mutiny of sepoys of British Indian Army, but soon spread far and wide. Local power

leaders - kings, zamindars and landlords fought against the system.


ag aged iagn missions of the organization included the supportpportppor f

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It was the last effort of the old political order to regain power. Indeed, old kings wanted their

kingdom back. Zamindars wanted their land rights back. Kuwar Singh of Bihar, who at age of 70

fought not for India, but for reclaiming lands under him. Hence, option d is the correct answer.

Q.68)Ans) bExp) In Dharsana, Gujarat, Sarojini Naidu, the famous poetess who was a prominent leader of the

Congress and had been the President of Congress, led a march to Salt depots owned by the

government.

Q.69)Ans) dExp) High Courts were set up in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras by Indian High Courts Act, 1861.

Lord Dalhousie’s time had ended by 1856. Moreover, Lord Dalhousie immensely worked for the

infrastructural development of the country.

Q.70)Ans) dExp) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was one of the foremost advocate of widow remarriage in India.

Vishnu Shastri Pandit founded the Widow Remarriage Association in the 1850s.

Jyotiba Phulewas against child-marriage and supported widow remarriage. He opened a homewhere widows could safely give birth and care for the infants.

Karsandas Muljiwasrepudiated by his family because of his views on widow remarriage. He

started The Satya prakash in Gujarati in 1852 to advocate widow remarriage.

Q.71)Ans) cExp) The disagreement between Moderates and Extremists during the first decade of 1900,

particularly during 1906 was mainly because the extremists were very encouraged by the impact of

Swadeshi movement. They wanted the tools of boycott to be spread to every walk of life andacross the country - outside of Bengal. However, the moderates wanted the tools of Boycottand Swadeshi to be restricted to Bengal only and only as a protest against the Partition of Bengal

for that time. They did not agree to use "boycott" as a method of protest against British as awhole. Hence, statement 1 and 2 is correct.As far as revolutionary terrorism is concerned, some extremists were sympathetic to the cause of

violent nationalism and nationalist terrorism. However, there was no disagreement within theCongress and among the Extremists and moderates that violent nationalism and nationalistterrorism should be the primary means of protest against the British. Hence, statement 3 isincorrect.


ounded the Widow Remarriage Association in the 1850s.

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Q.72)Ans) bExp) Kheda Satyagraha was against the rise of land revenue while Bardoli Satyagraha was

against the upper caste oppression.

Bargardari Bill was brought by Britishers to resolve the Tebhaga Movement.

Q.73)Ans) aExp) A change of government took place in Britain in May 1940 and Winston Churchill became the

prime minister (1940–45). The fall of France temporarily softened the attitude of Congress inIndia. Britain was in immediate danger of Nazi occupation. As the war was taking a menacing turn

from the allied point of view congress offered to cooperate in the war if transfer of authority inIndia is done to an interim government. The government's response was a statement of theviceroy known as the August Offer.The declaration marked an important advance over the existing state of things, as it recognised at

least the natural and inherent right of the people of the country to determine the form of their futureconstitution, and explicitly promised dominion status. Hence, option a is the correct answer.

Q.74)Ans) aExp) The government of Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General of India (1828 to 1835) introduced

the Mahalwari system of land revenue in 1833.

Ownership rights were with the peasants but Revenue was collected by the village headman or village

leaders (lambardar) and was considered that the land jointly belonged to mahal (village). Hence,

statement 1 and 2 is correct.It was implemented in Punjab and Central Provinces. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.Bombay and Madras saw Ryotwari settlement.

Q.75)Ans) bExp) William Jones - Founder of Asiatic Society of Bengal. Sir William Jones

translatedKalidasa's Abhijnana books (1789), Jayadeva's Gitagovinda (1789) and Manusamhita(1794), and edited Ritusamhara (1792).

James Prinsep (20 August 1799 – 22 April 1840) was an English scholar, orientalist and antiquary.

He was the founding editor of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and is best remembered

for deciphering the Kharosthi and Brahmi scripts of ancient India.

Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British army engineer

with the Bengal Engineer Group who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of Indiawhich led to his appointment in 1861 to the newly created position of archaeological surveyor to the


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government of India. He founded and organized what later became the Archaeological Survey of

India.

Walter Elliot in 1840wrote on the 'cromlechs and cairns' in the Nilgiri hills. In 1845 he excavated

and collected the Amaravati Marbles which were at one time called the "Elliot Marbles" and were

exhibited in Madras. These marbles eventually went to the British Museum. Elliot studied ancient

inscriptions, beliefs and cultures. He was a keen numismatist and collector of coins and his main work

on the topic was published in 1885, at a time when unable to see, he had to feel the coins to describe

them and have written by a scribe for his Coins of Southern India

Q.76)Ans) bExp) The Federal court established through Government of India Act, 1935 was not a final court ofdecision. This power still lied with Privy Council. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Government of India Act, 1935:

•

•

•

•

•

•

Abolition of provincial dyarchy and introduction of dyarchy at centre.

Abolition of Indian Council and introduction of an advisory body in its place.

Provision for an All India Federation with British India territories and princely states.

Elaborate safeguards and protective instruments for minorities.

Supremacy of British Parliament.

Increase in size of legislatures, extension of franchise, division of subjects into three lists and

retention of communal electorate.

Separation of Burma from India•

Q.77)Ans) cExp) The Cripps Mission failed because British were not willing to agree to the formation of atruly National Government and also tried to promote interest of the Princes. While they agreed to

the demand of a constituent assembly, they insisted that the Indian states in the assembly would be

represented by the nominees of the Princes, and that the people of the States would have no

representation in it.

The Quit India movement resolution asked for complete Independence of India post which Indiawould join hands to fight fascist and imperialist powers.

Quit India movement called for a non- violent movement for India's Independence. However,

government repression was so heavy that people turned violent. Hence, option c is the answerRevolutionary activities were indeed organized by Jaiprakash Narayan, Aruna Asaf Ali, S M Joshi

and Ram Manohar Lohia almost throughout the war years.

Q.78)Ans) cExp) Self-Explanatory.


gislatures, extension of franchise, division of subjubjub ects

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Q.79)Ans) cExp) The reason of the Tebhaga movement was the share cropping system that prevailed in the

Bengal. The Peasants demanded for the modification of the share cropping system. Hence,

statement 1 is incorrect.The sharecroppers were encouraged by the Floud Commission‟s recommendations in favour of

them. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Q.80)Ans) aExp) The Peasants and Workers Party of India was founded in 1947. The party was founded in

Maharashtra by Tulsidas Jadhav, Keshavrao Jedhe and others.

In 1924, Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was formed by Dr. Ambedkar for removing difficulties of theuntouchables and placing their grievances before government. This was his first organization to

achieve his political and social ideals.

Ambedkar formed the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in August 1936, which participated in the

provincial elections of Bombay and won 13 seats out of 15 seats reserved for scheduled castes.

Independent Labour Party was transformed by Ambedkar as the All India Scheduled CastesFederation in 1942. It was a political party which participated in the general elections of 1946 but was

completely defeated.

Q.81)Ans) dExp) There was political deadlock between Indian National Congress and Muslim League.

Efforts continued to end the deadlock. Bhulabhai Desai, leader of the Congress Party in the Central

Legislative Assembly, met Liaqat Ali Khan, deputy leader of the Muslim League in that Assembly, and

both of them came up with the draft proposal for the formation of an interim government at thecentre, consisting of

1. An equal number of persons nominated by the Congress and the League in the centrallegislature. Hence, option a is the correct answer.2. 20% reserved seats for minorities. No settlement could be reached between the Congress.

Q.82)Ans) dExp) Statement 1 is incorrect. The Munda Revolt took place in the eastern part of the India mainly

confined to Chhotanagpur.

Statement 2 is correct. The Munda sardars of Chhotanagpur fought against the destruction of theirsystem of common land-holdings by the intrusion of jagirdars, thikadars (revenue farmers) and

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Statement 3 is correct. They aimed to establish a Munda rule in the land by killing thikadars,

jagirdars, rajas and halcims.

Statement 4 is correct. The Mundas rose under Birsa Munda in a religious movement orrebellion ("ulgulan") with an agrarian and political content. To bring about the liberation, Birsa

gathered a force of 6,000 Mundas armed with swords, spears, battle-axes, and bows and arrows.

Birsa was, however, captured in 1900 and he died in jail the same year.

Q.83)Ans) dExp) Statement 1 is correct. The judicial system under the British became more and more

complicated and expensive because the rich could manipulate the system. Also, there was amplescope for false evidence, deceit and chicanery. Example: the Infamous trial of Raja NandKumar.Statement 2 is correct. The concept of Rule of Law was propounded by A. V. Dicey, a British

jurist and it is believed that it was introduced into India by the British, which was a well-accepted

doctrine in Europe. The Rule of law is a well-accepted doctrine in India and is quintessential in the

successful functioning of any democracy in the world.

Statement 3 is correct. A Law Commission was set up under Macaulay or codification of Indian

laws. As a result, a Civil Procedure Code (1859), an Indian Penal Code (1860) and a CriminalProcedure Code (1861) was prepared. Thus, the codified laws replaced the religious and personal

laws of the rulers.

Q.84)Ans) cExp) Statement 1 is correct. Through the Permanent Settlement, the zamindars of Bengal were

recognized as the owners of land as long as they paid the revenue to the East India Companyregularly. The ryots became tenants since they were considered the tillers of the soil.

Statement 2 is correct. The Ryotwari settlement was introduced mainly in Madras, Berar, Bombayand Assam. Sir Thomas Munro introduced this system in the Madras Presidency.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Under the Mahalwari system the basic unit of revenue settlement wasthe village or the Mahal. As the village lands belonged jointly to the village community, the

responsibility of paying the revenue rested with the entire Mahal or the village community. So,

the entire land of the village was measured at the time of fixing the revenue. Thus, the Mahalwari

system eliminated middlemen between the government and the village community and brought

about improvement in irrigation facility, yet its benefit was largely enjoyed by the government.

Q.85)Ans) dExp) Indian (National) Social Conference was founded by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao. It was

virtually the social reform cell of the Indian National Congress. Its first session was held in


s prepared. Thus, the codified laws replaced the relig

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Madras in December 1887. The Conference met annually as a subsidiary convention of the Indian

National Congress, at the same venue, and focused attention on social reform.

Q.86)Ans) cExp) Butler commission: The Indian states committee appointed a committee under the

Chairmanship of Sir Harcourt Butler which was popularly known as 'the Butler Committee' to

investigate and clarify the relationship between the paramount power and the Princes ofPrincely States in AD 1927.

Sir Andrew Frazer commission: In 1902, appointed a Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer

to enquire into the police administration of every province.

Hilton Young Commission: was also known as Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance.

It made recommendation to British Government of India for creation of central bank with twofold

objective:

•

•

Separate the control of currency and credit from the government

To augment banking facilities.

Peel commission: In 1916, this commission was set up for federal structure of India.

Q.87)Ans) bExp) Statement 1 is incorrect. Congress participated in the Calcutta upsurge of 1945. TheCalcutta upsurge, November 21, 1945: A student procession comprising some Forward Bloc

sympathizers, Student Federation of India (SFI) activists and Islamia College students who had tied

together the League, Congress and red flags as a symbol of anti-imperialist unity marched to

Dalhousie Squarethe seat of government in Calcutta.The students’ procession in Calcutta to mark

their protest against the INA trials on 21 November, 1945,

Statement 2 is correct. Calcutta upsurge, February 11, 1946: The protest was led by Muslim

League students in which some Congress and communist students' organizations joined. Some

arrests provoked the students to defy Section 144. There were more arrests and the agitating

students were lath charged. The students’ procession in Calcutta to protest against the seven year

sentence to Rashid Ali, an INA officer on 11 February, 1946,

Statement 3 is correct. Racial discrimination (demanding equal pay for Indian and white soldiers)

and the incidents related to the INA trials were major reasons behind the Royal Indian Navy (RIN)

Mutiny.

Q.88)Ans) cExp) Statement 1 is correct. Bitcoin is an electronic or digital currency that works on a peer-to-peer basis.


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ntion of the Indian




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Statement 2 is incorrect: It is an electronic or digital currency that works on a peer-to-peer basis.

This means that it is decentralised and has no central authority controlling it. Like currency notes, it

can be sent from one person to another, but without a central bank or the government attempting to

track it. The system depends on cryptography to control the creation of the currency.

Statement 3 is correct. Unocoin is a Bengaluru-based company that allows users to buy, sell, store

or use bitcoins

Q.89)Ans) aExp) Statement 1 is correct. The Bill amends the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory

Education Act (RTE), 2009 to extend the deadline for teachers to acquire the prescribed minimum

qualifications for appointment.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The RTE Act, 2009 envisages free and compulsory elementary education

to every child in the age group of 6-14 years.

Q.90)Ans) aExp) On July 10th, 1806, the Vellore mutiny broke out against the British by south Indian soldiers at

Vellore (now in Tamil Nadu). The Vellore Mutiny was the first large-scale mutiny by Indian soldiersagainst the British. Even though this mutiny was short lived and lasted only one day, it was violent

and bloody and mutineers stormed into the Vellore Fort and killed and wounded as many as 200British soldiers. This sudden outbreak was suppressed by the British and around 100 mutineers

were executed and a smaller number were court-martialed. Hence, option a is the correct answer.

Q.91)Ans) dExp) Moderates had believed in constitutional means like petitions. So, they were not able toconnect to masses, whereas extremists connected themselves to masses. Hence, statement 1 iscorrect.Moderates like Dadabhai Naroji brought outthe exploitative nature of Britishers. He brought "Drainof Wealth" theory, indicating economic exploitation by Britishers. Then there was economic critique

of British Policies by R C Dutt. Hence, statement 2 is correctModerates also promoted progressive thinking and modern ideas. They endorsed westerneducation and raised voices for reforms in religious fabric of the society. Hence, statement 3 is

correct.

Q.92)Ans) bExp) Imperial Preference (later Commonwealth Preference) was a proposed system of

reciprocally-levelled tariffs or free trade agreements between different Dominions and Colonies


ough this mutiny was short lived and lasted only one

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within the British Commonwealth of Nations. Formation of such free trade agreement could result into

special privileges on British imports in India. Hence, option b is the Correct answer.

Q.93)Ans) bExp) Gandhi was in no hurry to plunge into politics on his arrival to India. His political mentor was

Gopal Krishna Gokhale. One of the first things Gokhale did was to extract a promise from Gandhi

that he would not express himself upon public questions for a year, which was to be a "year ofprobation".

During 1915—the year of probation—Gandhi eschewed politics severely. In his speeches and

writings, he confined himself to the reform of the individual and the society and avoided the

issues which dominated Indian politics. His restraint was partly due to self-imposed silence and

partly to the fact that he was still studying conditions in India and making up his mind. Hence,

option b is the correct answer.

Q.94)Ans) dExp) Lord Willingdon was the Viceroy of India when the Communal Award was made by then Prime

Minister of Britain Ramsay McDonald on 16th August 1932. Hence, option d is the correct answer.Communal Award:

• The Communal Award was made by the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald on 16

August 1932 granting separate electorates in India for the Forward Caste, Lower Caste,Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans andUntouchables (now known as the Dalits) etc.

The 'Communal Award' was announced after the failure of the Second Round TableConference.

The Award was highly controversial and opposed by Gandhi, who was in Yerwada jail, and

fasted in protest against it. Gandhi feared that it would disintegrate Hindu society.

It was finally removed after signing of Poona Pact between B R Ambedkar (On behalf ofHarijans) and Madan Mohan Malviya (on behalf of Hindu Mahasabha)

•

•

•

Q.95)Ans) aExp) Contribution of Home Rule League

• It organized congress party when it was decaying. Also, Congress party has remain inactive after the Surat Split. Hence, option a is the correct answer.

It popularized concept of home rule.

It created organizational links between town and country.

It revived the old lost confidence of the Indians and created a generation of ardent

nationalists.

•

•

•


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• Declaration of Montagu and the Montford Reforms were influenced by the Home Rule League

agitation.

• For the first time, widely disseminated the idea of Swaraj via the journals, something which

was followed even by Gandhi.

Q.96)Ans) cExp) The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 was divided, one half awarded to Rainer Weiss, the other half

jointly to Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector andthe observation of gravitational waves".

Gravitational waves are 'ripples' in the fabric of space-time caused by some of the most violent and

energetic processes in the Universe. Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitationalwaves in 1916 in his general theory of relativity.

The strongest gravitational waves are produced by catastrophic events such as colliding black

holes, the collapse of stellar cores (supernovae), coalescing neutron stars or white dwarf stars, the

slightly wobbly rotation of neutron stars that are not perfect spheres, and the remnants of gravitational

radiation created by the birth of the Universe itself.

Q.97)Ans) aExp) Balshastri Jambhekar had grasped correctly the importance and power of the print media inthe times during British Rule in India. He was sure that if the British was to beoverthrown and

freedom was to be attained, then it was essential to awaken the masses and the print media wasthe most useful tool to that end.The newspaper Darpan was born out of this patriotism and social awareness. He founded Darpan asthe first Marathi newspaper. He was editor of this newspaper during the British rule in India. This turned out to be the beginning of Marathi journalism. Hence, option a is the correct answer.

Q.98)Ans) bExp) To stem the students' participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement, J.R. Cunningham,

the then powerful director of public information of Assam, issued a circular in 1930 imposing a

blanket ban on any anti-British and pro-swadeshi activity by students. This ruling forbade

students from participating in political activities and so, evoked strong response. Hence, option b isthe correct answer.

Q.99)Ans) cExp) The Prime Minister's ambitious Neel Kranti (Blue Revolution) plan to triple the country's

earning from fish exports.


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Blue Revolution, the Neel Kranti Mission has the vision to achieve economic prosperity of thecountry and the fishers and fish farmers as well as contribute towards food and nutritionalsecurity through full potential utilization of water resources for fisheries development.

Q.100)Ans) aExp) Relevance: U.S., Israel quit UNESCO (The Hindu, 13 October 2017)

The U.S. on Thursday announced its withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization (UNESCO), accusing it of ―continuing anti-Israel bias.‖The U.S. withdrawal

will take effect on December 31, 2018.

Hours later on the same day, Israeli Prime Minister announced it would also be leaving UNESCO.

UNESCO is the first UN agency to have admitted Palestine as a full member in 2011.


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prosperity of the




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