pages 264-269. central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) peripheral nervous system (cranial and...
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Pages 264-269
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Central Nervous System(brain and spinal cord)
Peripheral Nervous System(cranial and spinal nerves)
Somatic(voluntary)
Autonomic(involuntary)
Sensory(afferent)
Motor(efferent)
Senseorgans
Skeletalmuscles
Cardiac andsmooth muscle,
glands
Parasympathetic Sympathetic
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The relative stability of our internal environment depends largely on ANS function
Involuntary regulation of◦ Cardiac activity◦ Smooth muscles/glands
Two subdivisions:1.Sympathetic division2.Parasympathetic division
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
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The ANS has a chain of two motor neurons◦ Preganglionic neuron : exists in brain or spinal cord
Axon is myelinated◦ Postganglionic neuron:
outside the CNS Extends to a specific organ Axon is un-myelinated = slower response
This arrangement is different from the somatic division (voluntary motor division) which has only one motor neuron
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Centralnervoussystem Peripheral nervous system Effector organs
Acetylcholine
Skeletalmuscle
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Ganglion
Acetylcholine Epinephrine andnorepinephrine
Bloodvessel
Acetylcholine
Ganglion
Smooth muscle(e.g., in stomach)
Glands
Cardiacmuscle
Somatic nervoussystem
Autonomicnervoussystem
Sympatheticdivision
Para-sympathetic
division
KEY:Preganglionicaxons(sympathetic)
Postganglionicaxons(sympathetic)
Myelination Preganglionicaxons(parasympathetic)
Postganglionicaxons(parasympathetic)
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Acetylcholine (Ach) is released in both divisions
◦ ACh is released by the Parasympathetic division to stimulate the effector directly
◦ ACh is released by the Sympathetic division to cause a release of: Epinephrine by the adrenal gland Norepinephrine by the postganglionic nerve fibers Either of these neurotransmitters will stimulate the
effector (heart, blood vessel, gland…)
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Eye Eye
Salivaryglands
Heart
Lungs
Stomach
Pancreas
Liver andgall-bladder
Bladder
Genitals
Cervical
T1
Thoracic
L1
Lumbar
Brain stem
Cranial
Sympatheticganglia
Sacralnerves(S2–S4)
Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Skin
Salivaryglands
Heart
Lungs
Stomach
Pancreas
Liver and gall-bladder
Bladder
Genitals
Adrenalgland
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REST/DIGEST FIGHT/FLIGHT
PARASYMPATHETIC Relaxes Conserves Neurotransmitter at
work is ACh
SYMPATHETIC Mobilizes Triggers:
◦ Fear, exercise, rage Neurotransmitters at
work are◦ Epinephrine◦ Norepinephrine◦ Acetylcholine
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PNS: Differences Between Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Nerves One-neuron system; it originates in the CNS, and axons extend to the skeletal muscles served
Two-neuron system consisting of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
Effector organ Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
Subdivisions None Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine Acetylcholine, epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine