PAINSTAKINGLY

COUNTING RICEMorphology and Object Recognition in Image Processing

Franz Parkins and Lamar Davies

Mentored by: Dr. Josip Derado ， Ph.D

Morphology

• The term morphology refers to the form or structure of anything; hence linguistic morphology , Geomorphology, Bio-morphology, Cosmic morphology, etc.

Morphology in Industry and Research

• Morphology is prolific in industry.

• A wide variety of unpolished ideas lie at the forefront.

The Ultimate Goal• Our focus is on:

1. Detecting objects

2. Enumerating them

Characterization

Morphological characterization for object recognition is, put simply, to decipher between the objects and their background.

Complexity of AlgorithmThe Algorithm has two main parts;

CLEANING and COUNTING.

Cleaning Rice

This step doesn’t involve a tiny broom. Metaphorically however, it is oddly appropriate, as we must somehow ‘sweep away’ all of the non-relevant data that will prevent an accurate rice count.

But Wait!!!!!

It is an absolute necessity to have quality photos! This it true for two reasons:

1.Clarity prevents “clutter”

2.Standardized distance

Humble Beginnings(The Lego Contraption)

Second Attempt(Crude but Effective)

Base Image

Basic Contrast Cleaning Method

Grid Filter Cleaning

Strel Filter Method(Mathworks Image Filter)

Circular Filter Cleaning

Combined FilterOriginal image Strel + Contrast + Grid

Filters

Combined FilterOriginal image Contrast + Circle + Grid

Filters

How Do We Actually Count Rice?

• Area Estimation

• Border Following

• Horizontal Layered Scanning (HLS)

Area EstimationThe idea behind area estimation is

simply to count the number of rice pixels in the image and then divide by the number of pixels in an average single rice grain.

2,694 pixels!!

Area Estimation

• Pros: – Easily implemented– Less complex

• Cons: – Reliance on average grain size (variance)– Inability to use destructive filters

Border Following

The intention is to define the border and starting pixel of each rice grain, then follow each border around to the starting point, thus circling the rice grain and marking it as counted before moving on to the next.

Border-defined Image

1

32

65

4

9

8

10

7

Border Following

• Pros– Very accurate and easy to filter “false”

rice• Cons

– Algorithm exceeds limits of Matlab unless used in conjunction with a very small image (approx 200x200 pixels).

– Difficult to differentiate rice in close proximity.

Horizontal Layered Scanning

HLS scans the image one row at a time while comparing to the previous row. The amount of rice scanned in each row is tracked, tallied, and counted accordingly.

Horizontal Layered Scanning[1, 0]

[2, 0]

[1,1][0, 2]

[1, 2]

[0, 3]

Horizontal Layered Scanning

• Pros– Easily implemented and accurate– Does not rely on massively looping

algorithms, making it more efficient• Cons

– Accuracy is greatly dependent on quality cleaning

– Consecutive line errors

Solving Consecutive Line Errors

Rice Count Chart(Using Industry Grade Strel Filter w/ HLS)

Actual # Number of Rice Counted Accuracy10 9.4 9.6 9.4 9.8 10.0 96.4%20 21.0 19.2 19.4 19.8 19.3 96.7%30 28.0 29.0 30.0 29.4 29.0 96.9%40 37.3 40.3 39.3 40.2 40.0 98.1%50 48.6 46.0 48.2 51.2 46.2 96.1%60 57.8 52.6 54.6 58.8 57.6 93.8%70 62.8 67.4 65.4 66.2 69.4 94.6%80 71.8 79.5 76.0 74.2 74.6 94.0%90 82.4 81.0 84.2 83.8 86.8 92.9%100 94.8 93.4 95.2 97.2 91.0 94.3%

OVERALLACCURACY

With industry grade strel filter

95% !!!

Rice Count Chart(Using our Circular Filter w/ HLS)

Actual # Number of Rice Counted Accuracy10 9.50 10.00 9.25 9.25 9.75 95.50%20 19.50 19.75 19.00 19.25 19.75 97.25%30 28.75 29.25 29.75 29.25 28.25 96.83%40 39.25 40.75 38.25 37.25 38.75 96.38%50 47.50 48.50 48.00 46.25 42.75 93.20%60 55.00 53.00 51.50 53.50 55.25 89.42%70 62.25 62.25 63.5 66.25 66.00 91.50%80 74.00 73.75 72.25 75.75 73.50 92.31%90 81.00 72.00 87.50 85.67 71.00 88.26%100 87.25 90.75 83.33 87.67 90.00 87.80%

OVERALLACCURACY

With our original circular filter

93% !!!

Progression• Given more time, we would use this

program to bring about world peace, and of course count the amount of rice it takes to cure world hunger…. By hand… and then have our program tell us that we are a couple of grains short of a bushel!!

No, Seriouslygiven more time…

• Refine the border program with switches.• Tracking rice centers instead of averaging

counts on multiple scans.• Better recognition of multiple-rice image

segments.• Reconstruction of overlapping rice.

THANK YOUFOR YOUR TIME!

ANY QUESTIONS?