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EMERGINGTECHNOLOGY

www.pcimag.com

November 2015VO LUM E 31, N UM B E R 11

INSIDENovel Polysiloxane Enhancing Polymer

Choosing the Proper Dispersion Equipment

Advancing Waterborne Alkyd Performance

Globally Serving Liquid and Powder Formulators and Manufacturers

Paint Coatings Industry

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PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY (ISSN: Print 0884-3848 and Digital 2328-8329) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, Inc., 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $123.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $160.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $178.00 (int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2015, by BNP Media. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2145, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to IMEX Global Solutions, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2145, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or [email protected].

Audited by BPA Worldwide Printed in the U.S.A.

PA I N T & C OAT I N G S I N D U S T RY, VO LU M E 3 1 , N U M BE R 1 1

November 2015

CONTENTS

O N T H E C O V E R :Cover photo courtesy of www.istockphoto.com.

FEATURES 26 Upcycling from Water Bottles to Protective

Coatings, Resinate Materials Group, Inc.

32 Chemical and Physical Properties of Inorganic Pigments as They Relate to Coatings Dispersions, Myers Mixers

38 Novel Polysiloxane Enhancing Polymer, Wacker Chemical Corp.

46 Advancing Alkyds: Novel Dispersion Technology Pushes Waterborne Performance to New Levels, Dow Coating Materials

50 Sustainable Sustainability Claims, Green Biologics Inc.

BUSINESS TOOLS 22 Emerging Technology Profiles

58 Supplier Showcases

3832

ONLINE FEATURESwww.pcimag.com

Powder Coatings Help Protect Barcelona’s Iconic La Sagrada Familia Basilica, AkzoNobel

Volunteers Fan Across Three Continents on 4th Annual Global Day of Service, Michelman

Simplifying the 49 CFR Shipping Rules, Labelmaster

DEPARTMENTS 6 Editor’s Viewpoint

8 Company News

14 Calendar of Events

16 Names in the News

18 Emerging Technology News

55 Products

56 Classifieds

58 Advertiser Index

46

NOVEMBER 2015 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M6

VIEWPOINT

In late September I had the pleasure of attending the ribbon-cutting ceremony and a guided tour of BASF’s new Plastics and Coatings Excellence (PACE) Laboratory in Southfield, MI. The newly refurbished, 32,000-square-foot building represents an invest-ment of approximately $20 million dollars and can accommodate up to 50 people engaged in research, development and technical service to serve customers and encourage collaboration.

The ceremony included a number of guest speak-ers, including Greg Pflum, Vice President & General Manager, Midwest Hub at BASF, as well as senators, representa-tives, the mayor of the city of Southfield and county representa-tives. One speaker, Oakland County, MI, Executive L. Brooks

Patterson, spoke about his ongoing plan to develop a knowledge-based economy in Oakland County and southeast Michigan. In 2004, Patterson created Oak-land County’s Emerging Sectors Initiative to identify the top 10 sectors that will attract and retain sustain-able, high-paying jobs to Oakland County in the 21st Century. The primary driver for this program was to develop an economy outside of the automotive indus-try (which ended up suffering a terrible crisis back in 2008-2010) in an effort to make Oakland County and southeast Michigan more recession resistant. Emerg-

ing Sectors identifies the t op industry growth clusters and fos-ters business development in such high-tech fields as advanced electronics and controls, advanced materials and chemicals, aerospace, automotive, alternative energy and power genera-tion, communications and information technology, film and digital media, robotics and automation, defense and homeland security, and healthcare.

As a result of the initiative, job creation and diversification are transforming the economy from one that is manufacturing-based to one that is knowledge-based. So far, 355 companies have invested $3.2 billion, creating more than 36,000 jobs and retaining nearly 21,000 jobs since its inception. The opening of the BASF PACE technical laboratory continues this growth.

Steve Arwood, Michigan Economic Development Corporation CEO, applauded BASF for the huge investment in their business, and noted that the company’s flagship statement, “We create chemistry for a sustainable future,” could be rephrased to say, “We create jobs for a sustainable economy in southeast Michigan.”

As a resident of southeast Michigan for the past 30 years, I am encouraged to see growth and job creation taking place in this great area that has taken quite a hit. You can read more about the new PACE laboratory in PCI’s December issue.

Developing a Knowledge-Based Economy

By Kristin Johansson, Editor | PCI

Among the 300 attendees were BASF representatives and local, state and federal officials who participated in the ribbon-cutting ceremony for BASF’s PACE Laboratory. Pictured (l to r): Michael McHenry, BASF Vice President; Steve Arwood, CEO, Michigan Economic Development Corp.; L. Brooks Patterson, Oakland County Executive; Brenda Lawrence, U.S. Representative; Donald Fracassi, Acting Mayor, City of Southfield; Greg Pflum, BASF Vice President and General Manager; Vincent Gregory, Michigan State Senator; Jeremy Moss, Michigan State House of Repre-sentatives; BASF employees Sarah Dolan, Katie Cook and Diane Langer.

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COMPANY NEWS

Michelman Invests in Manufacturing FacilityCINCINNATI – Michelman has invested in additional production equipment at its Singapore manufacturing facility, which increases capacity by 40 percent. The investment complements and supports acquisition activity and organic growth by Michelman in Asia and will allow the company to better serve its expanding customer base, particularly in China and India.

With its recent acquisition of long-time sales partner Supack in Mumbai, India, the grand opening of Michelman India, and a growing sales and support staff and laboratory facility at its Shang-hai location, Michelman has continued to aggressively enhance its ability to serve customers in Asia.

According to Steven Wong, Michelman’s VP/Managing Director, Asia-Pacific, “With a decade of robust growth in Asia, this invest-ment was needed to allow us to continue developing and delivering advanced materials that meet the needs of our customers. With our increased capacity here in Singapore, coupled with manufacturing facilities in the United States, Germany and Belgium, and joint-venture manufacturing in Japan, we can satisfy demand faster than ever across the entire Asia-Pacific region.”

Evonik Jayhawk and Nexam Chemical Form Joint Marketing ProgramGALENA, KS – Evonik Jayhawk Fine Chemicals Corp. and Nexam Chemical AB have begun a joint marketing program whereby Evonik’s JAYHAWK dianhydrides and Nexam’s NEXIMID® cross-linkers will be offered in a coordinated effort to the growing poly-imide market sector. Evonik and Nexam Chemical will collaborate on modifying and improving polyimide processing, while offering physical and mechanical property enhancements. Customers will benefit from consultation in product selection, pairing and optimal dosing to achieve desired properties of their polyimide coatings, films, fibers, foams and resins.

Clariant Included in Sustainability Index MUTTENZ, Switzerland – Clariant has been included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) for the third consecutive time. The

index listed Clariant in both the DJSI Europe and the DJSI World. The company achieved best-in-class scores in the Innovation Man-agement, Customer Relationship Management, Operational Eco-efficiency and Environmental Reporting categories.

With its Portfolio Value Program, Clariant has developed a com-prehensive tool to improve its sustainability performance on all levels, focusing also on sustainability integration within its busi-ness and product development activities. The company recently emphasized its commitment to new sustainability targets, such as sustainable sourcing of palm oil, with a focus on traceability, con-tinuous improvement of its product portfolio on all sustainability levels, improvement or replacement of product groups from the portfolio not delivering on sustainability, value chain collabora-tion, and focusing on all phases of the product life cycle.

HORN Lands Representation Agreements LA MIRADA, CA – HORN announced a new partnership with Engi-neered Polymer Solutions (EPS) and Color Corp. of America (CCA). Effective December 1, HORN will be representing EPS and CCA as their exclusive sales distributor throughout the West Coast and Southwest territories, offering a full line of high-performance acrylic, styrene-acrylic and alkyd resins, as well as pigment dispersions and colorants for architectural and industrial coatings, and related industries.

HORN also announced a new partnership with H.B. Fuller Poly-mers. The company will now represent H.B. Fuller Polymers as its exclusive sales distributor throughout the western and southwest-ern U.S. territories, offering a line of specialty polymers. These tech-nologies will cater to a variety of applications including adhesives, construction products, textiles, paints and specialty coatings.

PPG Breaks Ground on Application Development CenterPITTSBURGH – PPG Industries’ industrial coatings business has broken ground on a new application development center for liquid coatings at its Oak Creek, WI, plant.

The facility will support development of custom formulations of liquid coatings for varying application conditions, and it will

BANGKOK – BASF has opened an expand-ed Coatings Technical Competence Cen-ter ASEAN in Bangkok, Thailand. Locat-ed at the BASF site in Bangpoo, the center spans about 2,300 square meters and aims to serve the automotive industry in the ASEAN region. The center is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and a laboratory for product development, perfor-mance testing, color design, as well as a production unit.

Peter Fischer, Senior Vice President, Coatings Solutions Asia Pacific, BASF, comment-

ed, “We believe that this center will become an important business partner to our car and motorcycle customers

in the region by providing them with innovative, reliable coatings solutions and supply capability. Our technical and

production footprint follows the market needs and supports our customers’ growth plans.”

The ASEAN region has demonstrated robust growth in automotive manufac-turing, and Thailand is the region’s hub. By 2020, the compound annual growth rate of vehicle production in ASEAN is projected to rise 4.6 percent from 2014 (source: LMCA August 2015).

BASF Opens Coatings Technical Competence Center in Bangkok

BASF’s Coatings division opens new Coatings Technical Competence Center ASEAN in Bangkok.

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COMPANY NEWS

enable PPG to simulate customer produc-tion lines for new coatings and application trials and for application training.

Scheduled to open in February 2016, the center will include advanced equip-ment such as multiple curing ovens, robotic paint applicators and spray booths with temperature and humidity controls

to help mimic processes and environ-ments in various customers’ plants.

Axalta to Locate Innovation Center in PhiladelphiaPHILADELPHIA – Axalta Coating Sys-tems’ new Global Innovation Center will be located at The Navy Yard in Phila-

delphia. The 175,000-square-foot facility will be home to Axalta’s global research, product development and technology ini-tiatives; it will partner with the company’s other technology centers in the Americas, Europe and Asia-Pacific.

Project construction is expected to be complete in late 2017. Upon reaching full operation in 2018, Axalta will bring at least 190 new jobs to Philadelphia with the pos-sibility of additional positions in the future.

Oxea Continues Plans for Propanol UnitDALLAS – In a move to better serve its customers in North and Latin America, global chemical company Oxea is con-tinuing with engineering work for a pro-panol unit at its production plant at Bay City, TX. The unit is scheduled to come on-stream in late 2017.

AkzoNobel to Invest in VietnamAMSTERDAM – AkzoNobel announced plans to invest in its Performance Coatings business in Vietnam. As well as doubling capacity at its powder coatings facility in Dong Nai, the company also intends to open a new office for Performance Coatings in Ho Chi Minh City.

The new production line in Dong Nai is supported by a 20-percent increase in workforce. In addition to serving the local market, the expanded plant will also supply customers across Southeast Asia, India, Australia and New Zealand.

Stahl Opens Center of ExcellenceWAALWIJK, the Netherlands – Stahl has opened its new Center of Excellence for Automotive in Waalwijk, the Netherlands. The center focuses on developing high-performing and sustainable solutions for car interiors, varying from smart surfaces that change with temperature to special haptics for a warm and pleasant touch.

The Center of Excellence includes a unique coating, lacquering and printing line with a full-scale vacuum-forming machine to produce full door-panel skins. In addition, it has two unique squeak-and-rattle testing machines for seating and trim materials and weatherstrips.

Specialty Chemical Sales to Distribute for Oxea OBERHAUSEN, Germany – Oxea has named Specialty Chemical Sales Inc. (SCS) as the national distribution partner for its next-

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generation coalescing agent, Oxfilm 351. The Cleveland-based SCS will distribute the product throughout the United States.

Protech/Oxyplast Buys Thermoplastic Powder Coatings Business MONTREAL – The Protech/Oxyplast Group of Montreal, Canada, has agreed to purchase the thermoplastic powder coatings business and assets of Union City Industries (UCI) of Union City, MI. Protech will integrate the UCI powder manufacturing operations into its own organization. Current customers of UCI will continue to be able to obtain the products they are currently purchas-ing and will now have access to Pro-tech’s worldwide network of products and technology.

Emery Oleochemicals Earns Biobased Product CertificationCINCINNATI – Emery Oleochemicals LLC has earned the Certified Biobased Product Label granted by the United States Depart-ment of Agriculture (USDA) for six prod-ucts from the company’s EMEROX® range of renewable-based polyols. This certifica-tion, awarded as part of the USDA B i o P r e f e r r e d ® Program, veri-fies that these polyols contain the amount of renewable bio-based content that meets or exceeds levels set by the USDA. The biobased content assessment was performed by a qualified third-party lab and monitored by the USDA.

Joint Venture Agreement Creates Flint Group Africa LUXEMBOURG – Flint Group and Conti-nental Printing Inks and Eagle Ink Sys-tems announced the completion of their joint venture agreement that creates the now combined business, Flint Group Afri-ca. The transaction will allow Flint Group Africa to pursue a greater presence in the continent. This new entity combines two of the leading ink and coatings suppliers to the packaging and print media mar-kets in Sub-Saharan Africa, positioning Flint Group Africa as the largest ink sup-plier in this growing market.

Brenntag to Acquire Singapore-Based DistributorMÜLHEIM AN DER RUHR, Germany – Chemical distributor Brenntag has signed an agreement to acquire TAT Group, a Singapore-based distributor for industrial chemicals. The company’s facilities in Singapore cover supply chain

requirements and value-added services, including modern blending, packaging, storage and logistics facilities. TAT offers its local and overseas customers a broad product range of solvents and related products via its subsidiaries in Singa-pore, South Korea, Vietnam, Hong Kong and Indonesia.

Since 1985, Fitz Chem has been an exclusive distributor for some of the world’s best specialty chemical suppliers. We’re known for the service and technical support to guide your new product development as well as your existing formulation needs.

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COMPANY NEWS

Stahl and OEM NuTech Announce Joint VentureWAALWIJK, the Netherlands – Chemical company Stahl has entered into a joint venture with OEM NuTech, an innova-tor in powder coatings for heat-sensitive materials. With their environmentally friendly powder coatings, the companies expect to make a substantial contribution to the increasing demand for organic and eco-friendly materials for interiors and architectural applications. Stahl will use the partnership to expand its coatings offering, strengthening its market posi-tion as a coatings specialist.

Kason Corp. Acquires Kek-Gardner Ltd. MILLBURN, NJ – Kason Corp. has acquired Kek-Gardner Ltd., a UK-based manufacturer of sifting, mixing and size-reduction equipment.

According to an announcement by the company, Kason becomes the world’s larg-est manufacturer of centrifugal sifting equipment, produced by both companies, and adds mixers, blenders, reactors, kib-blers, cone mills, universal mills, air clas-sifier mills, vertical sifters and solid-liquid separators to the equipment line offered through its Millburn, NJ, headquarters.

George Tunnicliffe, former Managing Director of Kek-Gardner, will become Managing Director of Kason Europe. Henry Alamzad will continue as Kason’s President and head of Global Sales and Marketing.

Air Products to Spin Off Materials Technologies BusinessLEHIGH VALLEY, PA – Air Products’ Board of Directors has approved the inten-tion to fully separate its Materials Tech-nologies business via a tax-free spin-off to its shareholders. The targeted completion of the Materials Technologies spin-off is before September 2016, subject to typical regulatory approvals.

PPG to Acquire Remaining Interest in Chemfil Canada JVPITTSBURGH – PPG Industries has reached a definitive agreement to acquire the remaining interest in Chemfil Canada Lim-ited, a joint venture of PPG and Madinal Enterprises. Chemfil Canada produces pre-treatment products, as well as some general industrial chemicals, for automotive origi-nal equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and industrial customers in Canada.

In recognition of a successful assessment to ISO/IEC 17025:2005, accreditation is granted to Cortec® Corporation to perform the following tests:

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Technology Methods Used Product Types

Viscosity ASTM D2198CC-035 Coatings, Lubricants

Accelerated Weathering Test, UV Stability ASTM G53 Coatings, Polymer Films

HumidityASTM D1748ASTM, D1735CC-018

Coatings, Lubricants

Salt Fog ASTM B117ASTM B368 (CASS) Coatings, Lubricants

Vapor Inhibiting Ability (VIA)

MIL-STD-3010BCC-027

Crystalline, Liquids, VCI Coated Materials, VCI Containing Films

Immersion Corrosion Testing

ASTM G31CC-029

Additives, Corrosion Inhibi-tors for Water

Electrochemical Polar-ization Measurements

ASTM G5C-030 Water Based Electrolytes

Electrochemical Imped-ance Measurements

ASTM G106CC-022

Concrete Samples with Rebars

Cyclical Testing GMW 14872 Coatings, RP

Color Matching CC-033 Coatings

Adhesion (Tape) ASTM D3359 Coatings

Adhesion (Testers)ASTM D4541 (Test Method B);ASTM D7234CC-034 CC-036

Coatings

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)

CC-006 Liquids, Powders, Polymer Films

Ultra Violet (UV) Visible Spectrometry

ASTM E 169; ASTM D 2008; CC-040

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Testing - Mechanical

Testing -Chemical

Brenntag offers you unparalleled knowledge, service and solutions for the adhesives, coatings, elastomers, sealants, (ACES) and construction industries.

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■ We are committed to your success: We work with you to develop customized solutions to meet your needs. Formulation laboratories allow us to solve complex problems by providing creative, state-of-the-art solutions gained through extensive industry experience.

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CALENDAR

NOV. 9-10ACA Hazard Communication and Chemicals

Regulation SeminarNew Orleanswww.paint.org/hazcom/

9-12Paint TechnologyLondonwww.pra-world.com

16-17Characterization of Synthetic LaticesSavannah, [email protected]

16-19TZMI Congress 2015Shanghaicongress.tzmi.com

17-19Chem ShowNew York Citywww.chemshow.com

18-20Chinacoat 2015Shanghaiwww.chinacoat.net

2016

JAN. 31 - Feb. 5Waterborne SymposiumNew Orleanswww.waterbornesymposium.com

FEB. 19-20Adhesion Science & Technology

Short CourseSan Antonio, TXwww.adhesionsociety.org

21-24Adhesion Society Annual MeetingSan Antonio, TXwww.adhesionsociety.org

24-26Smart CoatingsOrlandowww.smartcoatings.org

MARCH 6-10Corrosion 2016Vancouver, Canadawww.nacecorrosion.org

14-16Middle East Coatings ShowDubai www.coatings-group.com

24-26PaintIstanbul/TurkcoatIstanbul www.turkcoat-paintistanbul.com

APRIL 11-14American Coatings Show and ConferenceIndianapoliswww.american-coatings-show.com

11-14Powder Coatings ShowCollege Park, GA www.powdercoating.org

18-19Hot Melt Short CourseNew Orleanswww.ascouncil.org

18-20ASC Spring Convention and ExpoNew Orleanswww.ascouncil.org

19-22PaintExpoKarlsruhe, Germanywww.paintexpo.com

Meetings, Shows and Educational Programs

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NAMES IN THE NEWS

Hempel A/S announced that Henrik Ander-sen, Group COO of facility services company ISS A/S, will succeed CEO Pierre-Yves Jullien as of March 1, 2016.

Solvay has appointed Nicolas Cudré-Mauroux Group Research & Innovation Gen-eral Manager.

Mike Horton, President of PPG Industries’ Asia-Pacific region, was honored by the Shang-hai Municipal Government with the Magnolia Memorial Award for his contributions to the city.

TCI Powder Coatings, a subsidiary of RPM Inter-national Inc., has appointed Steve Jones to the new position of Architectural & Building Products Segment Manager. The company has also named Thomas G. Whalen Director of Marketing and Segment Strategy.

R.E. Carroll Inc., Trenton, NJ, has appointed Donna Kling Sales Manager. John Coile has joined the company as the new Technical Sales Representative for the Southeast Region, cover-ing Alabama, Georgia, Florida and South Carolina. Doug Ruch has joined R.E. Carroll Inc. as a Technical Sales Representative for the Northern Ohio territory.

Filtration solutions provider Donaldson Co. Inc., Bloomington, MN, has named Sheila G. Kramer Vice President of Human Resources.

Argosy International has appointed Amur Li China Sales Director. Li will be based in Shanghai.

Vice President and minority owner in The CHEMARK Consulting Group, John Lowry, is retiring.

Matthias Schönberg has been appointed Vice President of Axalta Coatings Systems and President of its Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) region. Steve Markevich has been promoted to the position of Executive Vice President.

Maroon Group has added Chris Stephens as its newest Account Manger to cover the West Region of North America.

Mike Tomkin, Director of Sustainability for Stahl, is retir-ing. Michael Costello, currently Group Director Stahl Poly-mers, is Tomkin’s successor. Raymond Bakker will succeed Costello and will assume the position of Global Business Director Stahl Polymers.

Costello

Schönberg

Bakker

Markevich

’s Editorial Advisory BoardAs Paint & Coatings Industry (PCI) magazine continues to grow, we are always looking for ways to improve our product for our readers. After careful consideration, we have decided to form an Editorial Advisory Board to help further develop our editorial content and strengthen our commitment to delivering the highest-quality information to the industry.

John BoisseauR&D Lab Manager, Precision Coatings, Inc.

Anthony CarignanoSales & Marketing Specialist, PCT Engineered Systems, LLC

Jennifer L. CogarGlobal Applications Technology Leader, Architectural Coatings, Eastman Chemical Company

John N. Cox Senior, Ph.D.Senior R&D Scientist, Military, The Sherwin Williams Co.

David Fasano, Ph.D.Principal Technical Service Scientist, Dow Coating Materials

Nancy LockhartProduct & Technology, Color Marketing Manager, Axalta Coating Systems

Vijay Mannari, Ph.D.Distinguished Professor, Polymers and Coatings Tech., Eastern Michigan University

Dominic MorganPR & Marketing Executive, China Chemicals Market

Steven J. NerlfiManaging Director, Kusumgar, Nerlfi & Growney, Inc.

Daniel Pedersen, Ph.D.Vice President of Science and Standards, Green Seal, Inc.

We are pleased to introduce the following members to our Editorial Advisory Board:


EMERGING TECHNOLOGY NEWS

Researchers Create Industrial Chemicals by Gasifying Lignocellulosic BiomassOTANIEMI, Finland – Researchers at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. (VTT) have demonstrated that ligno-cellulosic biomass can be successfully converted into pure BTX chemicals: benzene, toluene and xylene. The aim of the research is to enable the use of wood-based chemicals to replace commercial products that use crude oil, including coatings.

Demand has grown rapidly for chemicals generated from renewable sources, creating a need for alternative, environmen-tally friendly production routes. Particularly sought-after chemi-cals include pure aromatics, such as the BTX chemicals benzene, toluene and xylene.

VTT has developed a method of manufacturing BTX chemicals by combining the gasification of lignocellulosic biomass, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and aromatization. Over 85 percent of the separated benzene exceeded 90 percent purity, and around 50 percent of the separated toluene was over 70 percent purity.

The process can be applied to the production of biobased chemicals. However, both benzene and toluene can also be used in the manufacture of more sophisticated compounds, such as paracetamol, a painkiller that VTT used as an example compound in its tests. Since the compound’s synthetic route

requires pure source materials, VTT’s research proves the high quality of aromatics produced through gasification.

VTT has calculated that the estimated price of pure BTX frac-tions is €1.40 per liter. This price is higher than the current price of raw material derived from crude oil, but significantly more competitive than the price of other biobased routes.

VTT is continuing larger-scale development work in its Bioru-ukki piloting center in Espoo, Finland. The aim is to demonstrate the industrial viability of the entire process – from biomass to aromatics to end products – by producing several kilos of material.

Smart Hydrogel Coating Creates ‘Stick-Slip’ Control of Capillary ActionATLANTA – Capillary action draws water and other liquids into confined spaces such as tubes, straws, wicks and paper towels, and the flow rate can be predicted using a simple hydrodynamic analysis. But a chance observation by researchers at the Geor-gia Institute of Technology will cause a recalculation of those predictions for conditions in which hydrogel films line the tubes carrying water-based liquids.

“Rather than moving according to conventional expecta-tions, water-based liquids slip to a new location in the tube, get stuck, then slip again – and the process repeats over and over

BOSTON – To fend off damage and heat from the sun’s harsh rays, scientists have developed a new, environmentally friend-ly paint out of glass that bounces sunlight off metal surfaces, keeping them cool and durable. The researchers presented their work at the 250th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) in Boston.

“Most paints you use on your car or house are based on polymers, which degrade in the ultraviolet light rays of the sun,” says Jason J. Benkoski, Ph.D. “So over time you’ll have chalking and yel-lowing. Polymers also tend to give off vola-tile organic compounds, which can harm the environment. That’s why I wanted to move away from traditional polymer coatings to inorganic glass ones.”

Glass, which is made out of silica, would be an ideal coating. It is hard, durable and has the right optical proper-ties. But it is very brittle.

To address that aspect in a new coat-ing, Benkoski, who is at the Johns Hop-kins University Applied Physics Lab, started with silica. He modified one version of it, potassium silicate, which normally dissolves in water. His tweaks transformed the compound so that when

it is sprayed onto a surface and dries, it becomes water resistant.

Unlike acrylic, polyurethane or epoxy paints, Benkoski’s paint is almost com-pletely inorganic, which should make it last far longer than its counterparts that contain organic compounds. His paint is also designed to expand and contract with metal surfaces to prevent cracking.

Mixing pigments with the silicate gives the coating an additional prop-erty: the ability to reflect all sunlight and

passively radiate heat. Since it doesn’t absorb sunlight, any surface coated with the paint will remain at air temperature, or even slightly cooler.

“When you raise the temperature of any material, any device, it almost always by definition ages much more quickly than it normally would,” Ben-koski says. “It’s not uncommon for alu-minum in direct sunlight to heat 70 degrees Fahrenheit above ambient tem-perature. If you make a paint that can keep an outdoor surface close to air tem-perature, then you can slow down cor-rosion and other types of degradation.”

The paint Benkoski’s lab is developing is intended for use on naval ships. But it has many other potential commercial applications. “You might want to paint something like this on your roof to keep heat out and lower your air condition-ing bill in the summer,” he says. It could even go on metal playground slides or bleachers. And it would be affordable. The materials needed to make the coat-ing are abundant and inexpensive.

Benkoski says he expects his lab will start field testing the material in about two years. He received funding from the U.S. Office of Naval Research for the research.

Scientists Develop Glass Paint to Keep Metal Structures Cool

Photo courtesy of istockphoto.com..

P A I N T & C O A T I N G S I N D U S T RY 19

E M E R G I N G T E C H N O L O G Y N E W S

again,” explained Andrei Fedorov, a Professor in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech. “Instead of filling the tube with a rate of liquid penetration that slows with time, the water propagates at a nearly constant speed into the hydrogel-coated capillary. This was very differ-ent from what we had expected.”

The findings resulted from research sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the BIONIC center at Georgia Tech, and were reported in July in the journal Soft Matter.

When the opening of a thin glass tube is exposed to a droplet of water, the liquid begins to flow into the tube, pulled by a combi-nation of surface tension in the liquid and adhesion between the liquid and the walls of the tube. Leading the way is a meniscus, a curved surface of the water at the leading edge of the water col-umn. An ordinary borosilicate glass tube fills by capillary action at a gradually decreasing rate with the speed of meniscus propa-gation slowing as a square root of time.

But when the inside of a tube is coated with a very thin layer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), a so-called “smart” polymer (PNI-PAM), everything changes. Water entering a tube coated on the inside with a dry hydrogel film must first wet the film and allow it to swell before it can proceed farther into the tube. The wetting and swelling take place not continuously, but with discrete steps in which the water meniscus first sticks and its motion remains arrested while the polymer layer locally deforms. The meniscus then rapidly slides

for a short distance before the process repeats. This “stick-slip” pro-cess forces the water to move into the tube in a step-by-step motion.

The flow rate measured by the researchers in the coated tube is three orders of magnitude less than the flow rate in an uncoated tube. A linear equation describes the time dependence of the filling process instead of a classical qua-dratic equation, which describes filling of an uncoated tube.

“Instead of filling the capillary in a hundredth of a second, it might take tens of seconds to fill the same capillary,” said Fedorov. “Though there is some swelling of the hydrogel upon contact with water, the change in the tube diameter is negligible due to the small thickness of the hydrogel layer. This is why we were so surprised when we first observed such a dramatic slow-down of the filing process in our experiments.”

The researchers – who included graduate students James Silva, Drew Loney and Ren Geryak, and Senior Research Engineer Peter Kottke – tried the experiment again using glycerol, a liquid that is not absorbed by the hydrogel. With glycerol, the capillary action proceeded through the hydrogel-coated microtube as with an uncoated tube in agreement with conventional theory. After using high-resolution optical visualization to study the meniscus

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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY NEWS

propagation while the polymer swelled, the researchers realized they could put this previously unknown behavior to good use.

Water absorption by the hydrogels occurs only when the mate-rials remain below a specific transition temperature. When heat-ed above that temperature, the materials no longer absorb water, eliminating the “stick-slip” phenomenon in the microtubes and allowing them to behave like ordinary tubes.

This ability to turn the stick-slip behavior on and off with tem-perature could provide a new way to control the flow of water-based liquid in microfluidic devices, including labs-on-a-chip. The transition temperature can be controlled by varying the chemical composition of the hydrogel.

“By locally heating or cooling the polymer inside a microflu-idic chamber, you can either speed up the filling process or slow it down,” Fedorov said. “The time it takes for the liquid to travel the same distance can be varied up to three orders of magnitude. That would allow precise control of fluid flow on demand using external stimuli to change polymer film behavior.”

That could allow precise timing of reactions in microfluidic devices by controlling the rate of reactant delivery and product removal, or allow a sequence of fast and slow reactions to occur. Another important application could be controlled drug release in which the desired rate of molecule delivery could be dynamically tuned over time to achieve the optimal therapeutic outcome.

In future work, Fedorov and his team hope to learn more about the physics of the hydrogel-modified capillaries and study capil-lary flow using partially transparent microtubes. They also want to explore other “smart” polymers, which change the flow rate in response to different stimuli, including the changing pH of the liquid, exposure to electromagnetic radiation, or the induction of mechanical stress – all of which can change the properties of a particular hydrogel designed to be responsive to those triggers.

Study Addresses Question: Is Graphene Hydrophobic or Hydrophilic?MIDDLESEX, U.K. – The National Physical Laboratory’s (NPL) Quantum Detection Group has published research investigating the hydrophobicity of epitaxial graphene, which could be used in the future to better tailor graphene coatings to applications in medicine, electronics and more. Contrary to widely held beliefs, the findings indicate that graphene’s hydrophobicity is strongly thickness-dependent, with single-layer graphene being signifi-cantly more hydrophilic than its thicker counterparts.

The new study, conducted in collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratory, addresses the much-debated question of whether graphene is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. This work was published in the American Chemical Society journal ACS Nano.

The adhesion and friction properties of single- and double-layer graphene were studied using chemical force microscopy with a hydrophobic probe – a variant of atomic force microscopy where a substrate is studied using the forces between a probe and a surface. A larger adhesion force was measured between the probe and double/triple-layer graphene compared to single-layer graphene, showing that double/triple-layer graphene is more hydrophobic. This suggests that the hydrophobicity depends on the thickness of graphene layers.

These results were further confirmed by the nanoscale mapping of friction forces; hydrophobic domains showed a lower friction force, a result consistent with the fact that the

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E M E R G I N G T E C H N O L O G Y N E W S

different levels of hydrophobicity tend to affect the arrangement of surrounding water molecules and, in turn, the sliding motion of the probe tip.

The techniques demonstrated by NPL could be used in the future to further under-standing of graphene’s wetting behavior, with a particular focus on the effects of different graphene production methods. In particular, it paves the way to differentiat-ing graphene-based coatings and tailoring them to a specific application.

For example, thicker coatings (dou-ble-layer graphene or more) are ideal for hydrophobic applications, such as medical equipment and electronic com-ponents. On the other hand, single-layer graphene coatings could be used where a hydrophilic surface is required, as for example in anti-fog glass and coatings for buildings.

To read the ACS Nano article, “Thick-ness-Dependent Hydrophobicity of Epitax-ial Graphene,” visit http://pubs.acs.org/doi/ipdf/10.1021/acsnano.5b03220.

Engineered Bacterium Produces Industrial ChemicalDAEJEON, South Korea – A Korean research team led by Professor Sang Yup Lee of the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the Korea Advanced Insti-tute of Science and Technology (KAIST) reported, for the first time, the production of 1,3-Diaminopropane via fermentation of an engineered bacterium.

1,3-Diaminopropane is a three-carbon diamine, which has a wide range of indus-trial applications including epoxy resin and crosslinking agents, as well as precur-sors for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and organic chemicals. It can also be polymerized with dicarboxylic acids to make polyamides (nylons) for use as engi-neering plastics, medical materials and adhesives. Traditionally, 1,3-Diaminopro-pane is derived from petroleum-based pro-cesses. The research team has developed an Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain capable of producing 1,3-Diaminopropane. Using this technology, 1,3-Diaminopropane can

now be produced from renewable biomass instead of petroleum.

E. coli as found in nature is unable to produce 1,3-Diaminopropane. Metabolic engineering, a technology to transform microorganisms into highly efficient microbial cell factories capable of pro-ducing chemical compounds of interest, was utilized to engineer the E. coli strain. First, naturally existing metabolic path-ways for the biosynthesis of 1,3-Diami-nopropane were introduced into a virtual cell in silico to determine the most effi-cient metabolic pathway for 1,3-Diamino-propane production. The metabolic path-way selected was then introduced into an E. coli strain and successfully produced 1,3-Diaminopropane for the first time.

The research team applied commercial products that use crude oil additional meta-bolic engineering, and the production titer of 1,3-Diaminopropane increased about 21 fold. The Fed-batch fermentation of the engi-neered E. coli strain produced 13 grams per liter of 1,3-Diaminoproapne. With this tech-

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Waterborne PUDs are commonly used in wood floor fin-ishes. Matte PUDs have dual functionality and can be used as liquid matting agents that are film forming and enhance surface protection.

ALBERDINGK® PUR MATT 970 is an inherently matte, hard poly-urethane dispersion designed to overcome the shortfalls of con-ventional matting agents, such as transparency, scuff and black heel mark resistance, sedimentation and coefficient of friction. It can be used in super matte floor coatings, varnishes or paints. PUR MATT 970 helps formulate low-gloss coatings without compromising key properties. This hard, aliphatic dispersion has very high clarity over dark substrates and excellent sanding properties.

PUR MATT 970 can be used as a sole binder or as an additive to modify the surface properties of existing products.

Alberdingk® LUX 220 is a versatile, solvent-free UV-curable polyurethane dispersion that performs well for multiple applications, including KCMA, wood furniture and flooring, as well as on flexible sub-strates and plastic.

LUX 220 offers many of the essential properties required in industrial coatings such as superior scratch resistance, excel-lent adhesion to various substrates, and outstanding chemi-cal and stain resistances. This water-based PUD has excellent abrasion resistance and high hardness before and after cure. It is excellent for both clear and pigmented coatings systems.

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R E S I N S / A D D I T I V E S

nology, 1,3-Diaminopropane can be produced using renewable biomass, and it will be the starting point for replacing the current petroleum-based processes with biobased processes.

The article, “Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of 1,3-Diaminopropane, a three carbon diamine,” was published online in Scientific Reports on August 11, 2015.

Coating Technologies Receive First and Second Place in MIT CompetitionCAMBRIDGE, MA – Influenced by the anti-reflective wings of the glasswing butterfly, an MIT team created a low-cost coat-ing for solar cells that mitigates reflection, allowing the cells to absorb nearly all light to boost efficiency.

For that invention, the two-student team, aptly named Glasswings, took home the grand prize of $10,000 from the ninth annual MADMEC contest, organized each year by MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE) and sponsored this year by Saint Gobain, BP and Dow Chemical.

Reflection is an issue for many optoelectronic devices, includ-ing photovoltaics, smartphone displays and windows. Typical solar cells made of silicon, for instance, reflect up to 30 percent of light, reducing efficiency.

As a solution, manufacturers use anti-reflective coatings. But these coatings are expensive to produce and even still don’t absorb all light. “We asked the question, ‘How does nature solve these problems?’” Glasswings team member Ahmed Al-Obeidi said. “Because nature usually has a pretty interesting solution.”

As it turns out, the transparent wings of the glasswing but-terfly are coated with nanostructures that resemble tapered pil-lars on pedestals. These “nanopillar” structures act essentially as anti-reflective coatings, reflecting two to five percent of light from the butterfly’s wings.

The team reconstructed these tapered nanostructures in a coat-ing, but kept the process simple, inexpensive and scalable. To do so, they used common photovoltaic materials and fabrication tools. This involved depositing oxide on a glass film, applying a patterned mask of silver, and etching − removing layers from the surface, except those protected by the mask − with different gases.

But the trick was tweaking the etching gases during the process, which allowed them to customize the nanostructure shape. Essentially, they could shrink the diameter at the top of the structure and keep a thicker diameter at the base to create tapered nanopillars.

The coating is significantly less expensive and quicker than other anti-reflective coatings, Al-Obeidi said, and is economi-cally viable for solar cells if the price point is less than $14 per square meter. The coating can also be used to reduce glare on glass and other displays.

Second-place team Lumos won $7,000 for developing photo-luminescent road paint − for use in crosswalks, highway lines and other road markings − that absorbs sunlight during the day so it can glow in the dark.

To develop their photoluminescent paint, the four-student Lumos team mixed and baked various ceramic powders. The final powder is suspended in paint to absorb light from the sun in the daytime − and car headlights at night − and release that energy as a bright glow during night hours. Areas with this paint won’t need streetlights and will be safer, as drivers can better see markings. Eliminating one in 10 streetlights in the United States, the team estimates, could save $156 million annually in electric-ity and maintenance costs, and reduce carbon emissions by an amount equivalent to that produced by 260,000 cars.



E Q U I P M E N T E Q U I P M E N T

LANGGUTH retains its position as the go-to labeler sup-plier for labeling tapered pails and round containers. For F-style cans, pails, and round pints, quarts, and gallon with ears LANGGUTH has a proven labeler for you. In fact any container you have is also running on a LANGGUTH some-where else in the world.

Expanding LANGGUTH’s portfolio, the com-pany now offers roll-fed hot melt labelers spe-cifically intended for use with aerosol cans. The roll-fed hot melt labeler applies single ply OPP and the emerging expanded content label (ECL) in roll-fed format. Now virtually any container and label format can be satis-fied with a LANGGUTH labeler.

For more than 80 years LANGGUTH has met the requirements of global customers needing efficient cold glue, hot melt and pressure sen-sitive labelers. With LANGGUTH’s commitment to the paints and coatings industry, you can be assured that every labeler reflects state of the art design and decades of know-how.

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COROB offers a wide range of automated dispensing equip-ment, including highly specialized tinters for solvent-based colorants. Industrial applications represent a growing mar-ket and rely heavily on these colorants for a high-perfor-mance end result. COROB has manufactured dispensing equipment for over 30 years and continues to develop new technical solutions for the complex envi-ronments in which the tinters are used.

Industrial applications are very diverse, therefore posing a big challenge which COROB addresses case by case. Dispens-ing solvent-based colorants requires focusing on the entire system to deliver the required end result, and, not only on the individual com-ponents of the tinter.

Over time, new pumping groups have been developed and added to our product line to support all colorants. COROB offers the broadest range of pumping technology including high-productivity gear pumps, the newly introduced DFP dual-flow piston pump, and the non-wearing bellows pump. Our entire machine uses uniquely designed components and special materials of constructions, where anti-aggressive rub-bers, plastics and the use of premium metals are dominant.

COROB, with the support of specialized external independent third parties, also advises and consults on the compatibility of the equipment in hazardous (or potentially hazardous) environments, and therefore can then configure our equip-ment to operate according to the required safety standards. A proper initial assessment sets the basis for a successful installation of the appropriate COROB unit, whether it be a tinter or automated mixing station.

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E Q U I P M E N T A D D I T I V E S

Troy Corporation provides manufacturers of paints and coatings with advanced broad-spectrum dry-film preser-vatives, such as Polyphase® 663, which delivers superior performance and cost-in-use when compared with other fungicide + algaecide products commercially available. Now, for manufacturers wishing to formulate with an alternative to the Diuron algaecide active used in Polyphase® 663, Troy is introducing Polyphase® S99, an advanced, low-leaching, Diuron-free broad-spectrum fungicide + algaecide.

Polyphase® S99 offers excellent performance, environmental responsibility, and low cost-in-use.Polyphase® S99 delivers long-lasting coatings protection, as shown in exposure testing in climates prone to severe fungal and algal growth. Troy developed Polyphase® S99 to provide coatings manufacturers with an innovative alternative to Diuron that still offers perfor-mance and use benefits com-parable to industry-leading Polyphase® 663. Based on proven performance preser-vative technologies IPBC, BCM and Terbutryn, S99 is a low-leaching product formu-lated for water-based exte-rior paints, coatings and stucco systems. S99 is a VOC- and formaldehyde-free preservative with a low hazard profile, making the product ideal for today’s ‘green’ systems. Troy enables formulators to reach performance and cost targets through advanced, high-performance products such as Polyphase® S99, supported by exceptional technical ser-vice, which will give them the edge over their competition. For more information on Polyphase® S99 or other premier preservatives and additives, visit www.troycorp.com.

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Red Devil Equipment Company is now RADIA. New name, same company, same quality products. RADIA will honor the Red Devil Equipment legacy from its original product line of long-lasting and high-quality paint mixers and shakers. RADIA collaborates with customers to understand specific industry needs to then create solutions. From that collaboration, the RADIA team engineered custom material handling solutions that support customers’ ergonomic initiatives to mitigate unnecessary back injuries and increase efficiency. The new product extension, Material Handling, challenged us to leverage our engineering exper-tise to create a brand new specialized solution for the indus-try and solve these significant issues facing our customers.RADIA created the FETCH, which is a uniquely engineered transfer cart that lifts up to three five-gallon pails from a pallet or the ground. Its lightweight aluminum frame and ergonomic design make it the perfect solution for alleviating possible back and knee injury related to lifting.

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R euse of thermoplastic materials is nei-ther a new concept nor a new prac-tice, however, according to the EPA ,1

the recycling rate for municipal solid waste (MSW) in 2012 had climbed to only 34.5% for household waste, which does not include industrial, hazardous or construction waste. This rate was a substantial improvement from 1980 when less than 10% of MSW generated was recycled. At the same time, disposal waste going to the landfills has decreased from 89% of the amount generated in 1980 to under 54% of the MSW in 2012. Clearly there has been some recent awakening to the general benefits and overall need for reduced waste.

The recycle rate for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers hit 31.2% in 2013, up slightly from 30.8% in 2012.2 The contribution of PET waste to the total MSW generated in 2012 was 12.7% of the 251 million tons. After recycling and composting, 164 million tons of MSW was still discarded, of which plastics were almost 18%. The final discarded weight of plastics was therefore around 29 million tons, a larger amount than glass, metals, rubber and leather, textiles, or wood.1

Virgin PET materials are used in a wide vari-ety of technically demanding applications other than water bottles; this includes paper coatings,3 food preparation packaging,4 films for abrasion and chemical resistance of touch screens,5 and as a flexible substrate for spin coating and ink-jet printing for electronic applications.6 It has thus demonstrated success in various forms for protective/barrier coatings, and various types of packaging, as well as acting as a substrate

itself. This is due to the inherent properties of the polyester, having a high-strength, partially aromatic backbone, along with a variable degree of crystallinity. The components of commercial PET plastic are mainly terephthalic acid and eth-ylene glycol. These also happen to serve as prime ingredients for many industrial paint resins for multiple substrates and applications.

Depending on the substrate being protected, and the environment it is being protected from, recycled PET (rPET) can be an excellent starting point from which to design high-performance pro-tective coatings with long service lifetimes. Start-ing from a water bottle on a supermarket shelf, the transition to such a protective coating would qualify as “upcycling”, as opposed to a straight recycle category, or the more commonly practiced “downcycling”. Most plastic recycling is classified as downcycling by McDonough and Braungart,7

meaning it reduces the quality of a material over time. The practice of upcycling then would refer to improving the quality of a material over time. This can be accomplished with rPET by nominal diges-tion followed by a chemical rebuilding process that brings about an entirely new material with the desired properties and performance. It con-tains the contribution from a significant fraction of rPET incorporated within the new structure, but has been re-engineered for a new functional role. It has been upcycled.

Resinate’s chemical rebuilding of polyols from recycled materials is based on a tiered ingredient selection process. We try to achieve the highest per-formance possible using recycled materials, and, subsequently will select ingredients from a biore-newable source to maintain the highest “green” composition possible. The overall green measure-ment of a product is defined here as the combina-tion of contributions from the recycled and the biorenewable components. Only when necessary do we resort to incorporating a virgin petroleum-derived ingredient, when the previous choices have

Upcycling from Water Bottles to Protective CoatingsA New Approach with New Performance – Part I

By Gary Spilman, Rick Tabor, Adam Emerson, Matt Brown, Michael Christy, Resinate Materials Group, Inc.; Debora Hense, Stonebridge Coatings Laboratory, Inc.; and Mike Jackson, Specialty Coating Services, Inc.

PA I N T & C O A T I N G S I N D U S T R Y 27

been exhausted and will not enable the high level of coating performance needed for a specific function. In this way, the green content is maximized, along with meeting or exceed-ing desired performance criteria, while keeping a market-neutral cost position. In other words, green content should not, and does not, validate a premium charge to customers wanting performance along with making an environmen-tally conscious choice.

Internal Screening of MaterialsResinate initially designed and made more than 65 differ-ent polyester polyol batches intended for industrial direct-to-metal (DTM) applications, which were cured using a 1K high-temperature bake over a metal substrate. The resulting cured films were evaluated for several perfor-mance attributes, including König and pencil hardness, adhesion, chemical resistance, flexibility, and impact resistance. In order to maximize the overall performance and evaluate this large group of materials, we used a simple algorithm to score each performance category at a similar weighted maximum (Table 1).

From this group, all were rated with the above system, and we chose the top one-third of the performers. These were then screened for a brief time (165 h) in a salt spray environmen-tal chamber. Screening was performed on the original 1K clearcoats from the initial film property evaluation, over cold-rolled steel substrate at 1 mil dry film thickness (Figure 1).

There was one very intriguing finding from the com-bination of all property and performance tests. Surpris-ingly good performance in the initial property screening along with outstanding performance under salt spray environment was observed for films based on mixed/hybrid recycle systems. The use of rPET along with recycled poly(bisphenol A polycarbonate) (rBPA-PC) in the design of a single polyol for DTM applications was a consistent standout from our screening evaluation. Our next step was to validate our findings using external third-party coatings laboratories.

High-Bake, 1K, High-Gloss White Metal Topcoat The first evaluation was performed at Specialty Coat-ing Services, Inc., in Louisville, KY. Two materials were

evaluated as gloss white metal topcoat formulations over aluminum cold-rolled steel (CRS) and iron-phosphated CRS. The crosslinker was hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM), used at 15% and 25% on solids, catalyzed with 0.5% blocked pTSA catalyst. The sole pigment was rutile TiO2 at 22% PVC and a pigment/binder ratio of 0.95. The bake was targeting a peak metal temperature of 232 °C, and the final film had a DFT of 0.9-1.2 mils. Alongside the experimental paints a commercial white coil topcoat was evaluated with an identical bake schedule. The data and results are shown in Table 2.

As the data from SCS labs indicated, the experimental polyols could be formulated into a gloss white metal top-coat and perform as well or better than a commercial paint control. The data looked slightly better than was observed internally, and having a commercial control helped nor-malize to real world performance. We did not obtain salt spray exposure data from this set of panels, however, we had also contracted with a second external laboratory to provide more extensive application work using similar poly-ols as 2K primers, which included a look at the corrosion performance. The data are presented in the next section, and although the target was still for metal application, the work was otherwise slightly different in scope.

Low-Bake, 2K, White Metal PrimerThe second evaluation was performed at Stonebridge Coat-ing Laboratory, Inc., in Plymouth, MI. Three materials were evaluated as white DTM coating formulations over aluminum, CRS and iron-phosphated CRS. The crosslinker was Desmodur N3300A, used at 1.1:1.0 NCO:OH, catalyzed

TABLE 1 » 1K melamine bake screening algorithm.

König, sec. Pencil Al Adhesion, Crosshatch MEK, Breakthrough Reverse Impact,

in-lbsFlex

T-Bend Total

Measured value 220+2H=104H=12

5 max 200 max 160 max 0-4T

Multiple 1X 20X 40X 1X 1X -50XPossible score 200+ 240+ 200 200 160 -200 1000+

TABLE 2 » Coating properties of 1K gloss white films with 15% and 25% melamine.

Polyol Gloss 60 Pencil Hardness Impact Dir/Rev T-Bend Adhesion MEK DRXIMP1000-1.5 (15%) 99.0 5H 160/160 0T, 1T 5B 400XIMP1000-1.5 (25%) 99.3 5H 160/160 0T, 0T 5B 200XIMP1000-5.0 (15%) 104.2 4H 160/160 1T, 1T 5B 400XIMP1000-5.0 (25%) 86.3 4H 160/160 4T, 5T 5B 450Commercial coil topcoat paint 94.7 H 160/160 1T, 1T 5B 150

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Quantiles100.0%99.5%97.5%90.0%75.0%50.0%25.0%10.0%2.5%0.5%0.0%

maximum

quartilemedianquartile

minimum

789789

750.36702.2

624492

418.07346.46

197.9825757

Summary StatisticsMeanStd DevStd Err MeanUpper 95% MeanLower 95% MeanN

515.12328138.7236216.947787548.96063481.28593

67

FIGURE 1 » Composite score distribution for internal polyol screening.

Upcycling from Water Bottles to Protective Coatings

NOV E M BE R 2015 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M28

with 0.15% DABCO T-12 (tin) catalyst on isocyanate/resin total solids. The pigment was R900 TiO2 at a pigment/binder ratio of 1.0 and adjusted to 36% PVC with Atomite (CaCO3) extender. The bake was 30 min at 130 °C, and the final film had a DFT of 1.8-2.2 mils. Alongside the experi-mental paints, a commercial 2K polyurethane primer was obtained and tested using the same bake schedule. A search for 2K polyurethane DTM coatings surfaced only prim-ers, thus a large difference in gloss was observed vs. the experimental samples. The commercial primer chosen also contained ~3% zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitor. No such

additive was used with the Resinate polyol formulations. The cured film properties are shown in Table 3.

The data from Stonebridge lab indicated that two of the experimental polyols were slightly under-cured as designed, formulated and catalyzed. However, other than the lower pencil hardness (gouge), the XIMP1000-7.8 experimental polyol once again matched or outperformed the selected commercial control. Although the commercial primer was a bit harder, the apparent price for this hard-ness was paid by reduced flexibility, as measured by T-bend. A complete set of panels was placed into test for salt spray exposure over both CRS and phosphated-CRS substrates.

The salt spray performance data was collected after 514 h of exposure and is shown in Table 4. The corrosion at the scribe was very similar across all the panels, with very little differentiation. A slightly better scribe creep rat-ing was given to the commercial primer over phosphated-CRS substrate, although scribe creep was very similar for all panels over CRS. Some performance enhancement can be assumed in the commercial control coating, coming from the anti-corrosion additive, which was not part of the Resinate experimental formulations. It is interesting to note that the field blistering was significantly better for the experimental polyols than for the commercial control, regardless of any modification advantage (Figure 2).

After rating and measuring the test panels in duplicate, the panels were placed back into the salt spray cabinet. At 530 h, the panels were again removed and this time the scribe area was scraped while wet, and the panels were again rated. The scraping process magnified the differentia-tion in performance significantly, and the resulting obser-vations and measurements are shown in Table 5. Of the entire set of panels, after scribe scraping, the control primer paint appeared to have the worst performance for field blistering, scribe coating removal and scribe corrosion. The data therefore supports the benefits of using the Resinate polyol technology, which overall, outperformed the com-mercial control in salt spray exposure testing. Within the Resinate experimental samples, there was one polyol in the group that had slightly worse performance than the other two materials. The component that was missing in the lower-performing polyol was the recycled polycarbonate. The other two experimental polyols contained rBPA-PC. Thus, sample XIMP1000-7.8, which excelled in the coating property evaluation, incorporated rBPA-PC and was also the best performer in the salt spray exposure testing.

A look at the CRS panels in Figure 3 shows the differ-ences visually that are described in the data table. Signifi-cant performance improvement was made over the com-mercial control polyol with all the experimental Resinate polyols in the 2K paint formulation.

IMP1000-6.5B CommercialPolyol

XIMP1000-6.6B XIMP1000-7.8B


100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Quantiles100.0%99.5%97.5%90.0%75.0%50.0%25.0%10.0%2.5%0.5%0.0%

maximum

quartilemedianquartile

minimum

789789

750.36702.2

624492

418.07346.46

197.9825757

Summary StatisticsMeanStd DevStd Err MeanUpper 95% MeanLower 95% MeanN

515.12328138.7236216.947787548.96063481.28593

67

FIGURE 2 » Panels taken from salt spray at 514 h exposure (l-r: control, XIMP1000-6.5, XIMP1000-6.6, XIMP1000-7.8).

TABLE 3 » Coating properties of 2K white primer films.

Polyol Gloss 60 Pencil Hardness T-Bend Adhesion (3 Substrates) MEK DR

XIMP1000-6.5 88.4 B 0T 5B 74

XIMP1000-6.6 91.2 F 0T 5B 85

XIMP1000-7.8 84.8 2H 0T 5B >100

Commercial primer 7.8 6H 3T 5B >100

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Inspired by NatureWe offer a variety of colors that are warm and comforting to intense and bold. For 90 years, we have made legendary earth tone pigments in paints, stains, concrete, stucco, plastics and a variety of other materials that you see or use every day. The reason for our longevity is simple. We give our customers good old-fashioned value - quality products with excellent service and support. It worked for the first 90 years. Let us show you how we can help with your next project.

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Upcycling from Water Bottles to Protective Coatings


Conclusions and Future WorkThe work presented here from different external indepen-dent coatings laboratories has consistently shown advan-tages associated with using Resinate Materials Group products vs. different commercial materials. This work has established a place for some novel new polyols with high recycle content combined with high performance for specialty coating applications, where protection of metal

surfaces is of prime importance. The properties associ-ated with the above materials tested are very appropri-ate for today’s protective coating demands over valuable substrates. As we upcycle materials from water bottles to protective coatings, broadening the source of water bottle materials from just PET to include others has proven both advantageous and rewarding.

In a future article on this topic (Part II), we will discuss further external evaluations of our hybrid polyols for pro-tective metal coatings. Future work will include more in-depth studies including condensing humidity, salt spray over hot-dipped galvanized and chrome-treated alumi-num, carbon oil stain exposure, and QUV exposure. We will look at both 1K and 2K primers for metal. Best appli-cation space for this technology will be reviewed based on inherent performance advantages. We look forward to publishing this latest information very soon.

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of our colleagues Shakti Mukerjee, Woo-Sung Bae; and gratitude for the assistance of Brandie Yambrosic, and Nora Gjokaj.

References1 Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal

in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2012; www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2012_msw_fs.pdf

2 www.plasticsrecycling.org/news-and-media/246-2013-u-s-pet-container-recycling-rate-hits-31

3 Zou, Y.; Hsieh, J.S.; Mehnert, E.; Kokoszka, J. Prog. Org. Coat. 60 (2), 2007, 127-131.

4 www.gralex.com/technical-articles/thermoformed-paper-board.html

5 www.v-coat.com/protectuff-gloss-hard-coated-films/6 Valeton, J.J.P., et. al. J. Mater. Chem., 2010 (20), 543-546.7 McDonough, W.; Branugart, M. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking

the Way We Make Things, 2002, North Point Press, p. 56-57.

IMP1000-6.5B CommercialPolyol

XIMP1000-6.6B XIMP1000-7.8B


Primers based on polyester/carbonate polyols over cold rolled steel.

*Contains ca. 3% zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitor

Commercial Polyol Paint* XIMP1000-6.5B XIMP1000-6.6B IMP1000-7.8B

530 Hour Scraped Salt Spray Results

FIGURE 3 » Panels taken from salt spray exposure at 530 h, after scrap-ing (l-r: control, XIMP1000-6.5, XIMP1000-6.6, XIMP1000-7.8).

TABLE 4 » Salt spray results at 514 h for 2K urethane primers.

Polyol Substrate Field Blistering Field Corrosion Scribe Creep (mm) Scribe Creep Rating

XIMP1000-6.5 CRS

Phos-CRS1010

9G-109G-10

0.5-1.00.5-1.0

88

XIMP1000-6.6 CRS

Phos-CRS1010

9Sp-109G-10

1.0-1.50.5-1.0

7.58

XIMP1000-7.8 CRS

Phos-CRS1010

9G-109G-10

0.5-1.50.5-1.0

7.58

Commercial primer CRS

Phos-CRS4F/2MD6F/6M

9G-109Sp-10

0.5-1.00.5

89

TABLE 5 » Panels taken from salt spray exposure at 530 h and scraped along scribe.

Polyol Substrate Field Blistering Field Corrosion Scribe Scrape Coating Removed (mm)

Scribe Creep Corrosion (mm)

XIMP1000-6.5 CRS

Phos-CRSNoneNone

<0.03%<0.03%

15-2011

3-155-6

XIMP1000-6.6 CRS

Phos-CRSNoneNone

<0.03%<0.03%

7-95-8

2-31-7

XIMP1000-7.8 CRS

Phos-CRSNoneNone

<0.03%<0.03%

105-8

2-52-6

Commercial primerCRS

Phos-CRSModerateModerate

<0.03%<0.03%

35+7-16

10-152-4

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I norganic pigments play double-duty as fillers that provide a greater benefit than simple coloration of a formulation; they also impact physical properties of the film during application and throughout the

product lifecycle. Pigments in coatings protect the resins and binders from electromagnetic or thermal degradation due to their reflectance of short-wave IR radiation, which also helps to keep the materials containing said pigments cooler.1

Why We Use PigmentsBefore we can understand best practices for dispersing mate-rials containing pigments, it is important to understand what a pigment is, and the chemical and physical reasons why we use pigments. Inorganic pigments are transition metal com-plexes,2 primarily oxides of crystalline or semi-crystalline repeating units of ceramic crystal lattice structure.

The d-orbital of the metal ions is responsible for a mul-titude of inorganic pigment properties, including color,

reactivity, strength (as in Mohs hardness) and weather-ability. Pigments are unique as fillers in that they are composed of transition metals surrounded by ligands (functional groups). The way in which the d-orbital of the metal ion interacts with the various ligands to which it is bonded also influences pigment properties; ligand substi-tution results in modified pigment characteristics.

As an interesting aside, the metal ion-ligand coordi-nation complexes of pigments used in coatings function (that is to say, provide a visible output color) much like light-harvesting complexes in photosynthetic pigments. Drawing from the Stark-Einstein law, we will take this full circle. The law states that an absorbed photon will initiate a primary chemical or physical reaction within the system.3 For coating pigments, this means that the d-orbital of the transition metal experiences excitation; the degree to which this excitation increases the energy gap dictates corresponding perceived color of the mate-rial. For example, the transition metal Vanadium can form complexes of four different ionization states (i.e., V2+, V3+, V4+, V5+), which offer pigments of different hues from purple (V2+) to yellow (V5+).4

Jochen Winkler stated in Dispersing Pigments and Fillers, “Pigment agglomerates are held together by London-Van der Waals interactions. … at least a tenfold amount of energy is needed to disrupt chemical rather than physical bonds.”5

That is to say, to reduce agglomerates to aggregates requires one-tenth the energy of reducing aggregates to primary particles; aggregates are chemically bound. Sur-factants physically bond to aggregates/primary particles and prevent the reformation of pigment agglomerates by disruption of the London-Van der Waal forces. It must be noted that the geometry of the particles plays a role in the extent to which these forces are felt over a specific distance. Surface defects and aspect ratios other than one result in an increased surface area-to-volume ratio, which entails a greater Van der Waal force of attraction than simple spheres; the probability of the geometry leading to mechanical interlocking is also increased.

Chemical and Physical Properties of Inorganic Pigments as They Relate to Coatings Dispersions

By Stephanie Shira, Applications Engineer, Myers Mixers, Bell, CA

Pigment

Matrix

Boundary surface

FIGURE 1 » The Young equation is a simplification of the interaction between a solid and liquid; the solid, liquid and the interfaces between them give a more detailed portrayal of the system.


Understanding DispersionDispersion is a physical process that tends to increase the entropy of a system. A poorly stabilized dispersion will tend to flocculate; a state that decreases the potential number of conformations of the system (i.e., reduced entropy or randomness). This is largely due to the ran-domized Brownian motion of the dispersed particles, which are attracted (i.e., tend to agglomerate) via short-range London-Van der Waal forces.

For adequate dispersion it is essential that the surface tension of the liquid(s) be less than the surface free energy of the pigment (and other solids, such as fillers). If a specific solvent, resin or other liquid is to be used with a solid that it does not have an affinity for - in the sense of it being difficult to incorporate and wet out - surfactants are utilized to mitigate de-wetting and prevent f loccules from forming.

A key requirement for dispersing pigments (or any solids, for that matter) is that the solid has a higher sur-face tension than the liquid it is being introduced into. For solids that have prohibitively low surface tensions, additives can be added that lower the surface tension of the liquid components, thereby allowing for improved wetting characteristics. This phenomena is dictated by the Young equation:6

ϒs = ϒsl + ϒl*cosθ Where: ϒs = free surface energy of the solidϒsl = interfacial energy between the solid and liquid phaseϒl = surface tension of the liquid phaseθ = contact angle between the solid and liquid phase

The smaller θ, the more readily the pigment will wet. This assumes a system of solid-binder organization; more often than not there are additional liquids or dissolvable solids in the system to assist with dispersion and prevent flocculation. When this is the case, the governing equa-tions are not so simple, due to the additional interactions created by these materials at the pigment-matrix inter-face - in other words, the boundary surface (Figure 1). To determine the actual properties of the dispersion, two interfaces must now be considered: the solid-sorbed (pig-ment-boundary surface) and boundary surface-matrix (sol gel-liquid) interactions.

These inter-molecular forces can be overcome with the addition of surface-active additives, which can oper-ate via charge stabilization to electrostatically prevent flocculation, or via steric (entropic) stabilization, which physically hinders pigment movement and prevents re-agglomeration.

Sufficient work (energy) must be done (applied) to the system to ensure that (1) the pigment powder is fully wet-ted with solvent/resin, (2) agglomerates are reduced to aggregates and primary particles, and (3) the surfactant is incorporated and homogenized such that the system reaches an energetically stable equilibrium that is delete-rious to flocculation or settling.5

Dry pigment powders can be modified via surface coat-ings to provide specific traits to the end product, or to improve upon the ease of manufacturing coatings contain-ing them. As an example, titanium dioxide can be coated

with polysiloxanes (commonly, silicone oils) to modify the compressive strength and compressibility of the pigment.5

For the purpose of dispersing pigments, the Hamaker constant of the selected surface treatment should be optimized to the complete formulation. A low Hamaker constant surface treatment will yield a dispersion with low agglomerate strength. However, when not under agi-tation and allowed to sit for an extended period of time, it will tend to flocculate dramatically (simple agitation will re-suspend the particles). A higher Hamaker constant surface treatment will lend “favorable colloid-chemical properties,” but must be utilized at higher loadings, to ensure “good dispersibility.”5

Today’s modern pigments for the coating manufacturer are available in specific particle size and tightness ranges; reduction of particle size (i.e., severing chemical bonds) is not the main goal of pigment dispersion, but rather deag-glomeration of pigment particles loosely bound by residual moisture remnant from the original particle size reduction.

When formulating pigmented coatings, pigments are purchased pre-milled in a dry, cake-like form. The pig-ment manufacturer reduces the size of the pigment par-ticles by milling them for many hours or days on a 3-roll mill or similar machinery. The pigment is then dried to remove the majority of the moisture; some solvent remains entrapped between the agglomerates, due to capillary forces and wetting phenomena, causing the pig-ment to “cake” together. When the pigment is added to the coating formulation, or a solvent pre-dispersion, the dry “cake” is quickly broken apart into coarse grains due to the high shear created by the disperser. What remains

Pigment

Matrix

Solvent/resin/grinding liquid

Boundary surface

Wetting

Air bubbles

FIGURE 2 » Wetting of pigments reduces air entrainment while allowing the solvent, resin or pigment grinding liquid to penetrate the agglomer-ates, reducing total time to de-agglomerate the pigment. The high shear imparted with a dual-shaft disperser promotes faster wetting.

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Chemical and Physical Properties of Inorganic Pigments


are agglomerates - which can be further broken up with a reasonable energy input - and aggregates, which would require at least a tenfold energy input to further reduce to primary particle size.

To reduce the energy, time and labor cost associated with pigment attrition, the particles should be completely wetted (Figure 2).

Choosing the Right EquipmentSelecting the right equipment will positively impact the quality of the mixed product; blade selection is key for proper dispersion. For a highly pigmented, low- to mid-viscous product, a dispersion blade with large, higher-vane teeth will provide a good balance of high shear and high flow (Figure 3). This creates a flow regime in which agglomerates are impacted at high speed by the blade, created by the high speed and torque of the rotating shaft. The particles also impact one another at a velocity suffi-cient to break up agglomerates and reduce the pigment to its milled particle size or smaller.

Shearing the pigment particles is essential to the reduction of aggregates, while high flow ensures that the batch is turned over rapidly, allowing for a narrow distribution of particle size. If the through-flow is insuf-ficient, the pigment in the vicinity of the blade is ground while the pigment around the sidewall and corner of the tank bottom remains unground. A dual-shaft disperser with independently driven shafts provides excellent batch turnover and high shear. When the dual shafts are rotating in the same direction, they can be con-sidered to be running opposite in direction where the high-shear blades overlap (Figure 4). In other words, the dispersion blades are shearing the material in an opposing parallel motion, effectively doubling the shear rate and providing a higher feet per minute (FPM) tip speed. Figure 5 shows a dual-shaft twin motor disperser with four overlapping high-shear dispersion blades.

ConclusionConsideration of not only a formulation, but also of the multitude of interactions between components is important when determining the proper dispersion equipment for the task. Examination of chemical and physical properties of constituents, and potential reac-tion by-products can result in customized equipment specialized to an exact process.

References1 http://www.pcimag.com/articles/86037-complex-inor-

ganic-color-pigments-durable-pigments-for-demanding-applications

2 http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Coor-dination_Chemistry/Ligands

3 http://www.britannica.com/science/photochemical-equiv-alence-law

4 http://www.compoundchem.com/2014/03/05/colours-of-transition-metal-ions-in-aqueous-solution/

5 Winkler, J. Dispersing Pigments and Fillers. Hannover: Vin-centz Network, 2012. Print.

6 T. S. Chow. Wetting of rough surfaces. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, (1998) 10 (27): L445.

FIGURE 5 » A standard design for a dual-shaft disperser. The four over-lapping blades provide excellent batch turnover and high shear.

FIGURE 4 » When the shafts rotate in the same direction, where the blades overlap, they are effectively rotating in opposite directions, and providing a higher tip speed.

FIGURE 3 » The two blades shown are commonly used for dispersion of pigments and fillers for coatings for the combination of flow and shear that they impart.

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A ccording to the Merriam-Webster Diction-ary, enhancement is to heighten or increase. Enhancing technologies were developed to impart a “wet-look” appearance to cementi-

tious and mineral-based substrates. Wet-look enhance-ment is intended to provide a lasting, water-soaked appearance. Enhancing materials intensify existing sub-strate color and aesthetic appeal by making subdued tones and colors brighter.

Enhancing materials are either water- or solvent-based. The solvent-based materials often have superior enhanc-ing properties, but are flammable and contain high VOCs and other health or environmentally detrimental materi-als. On the other hand, water-based materials alleviate these concerns but historically do not perform as well as their solvent-based counterparts.

Enhancement is the primary desired performance attri-bute. The easiest way to determine enhancement is to measure the change in lightness in any color space.1 Performance is measured with the L* or light-dark scale

using the CIE-L*a*b* color space. The “L” Scale is a 100 point scale, with zero representing absolute dark or black, and 100 representing absolute light or white.2

Other important performance characteristics are stain repellency, weathering and abrasion resistance. This enhancing technology was designed to penetrate the sur-face and bond with the substrate, as well as to penetrate within the substrate to offer increased environmental protection. Stain repellency is important for any sealer or enhancing material to protect the substrate from chemi-cal attack. All data was collected and published in two separate papers at the 41st and 42nd Annual Waterborne Symposiums.3,4 This article evaluates relative enhance-ment, weatherability and stain repellency testing as a function of both abrasion and weathering to determine the impact of these deleterious environmental conditions.

Some silicone enhancing materials utilize amino-func-tional polysiloxanes, which are known to suffer from yellowing upon storage. Part of the focus of this develop-ment was to produce a non-yellowing amino-functional-containing polysiloxane. This non-yellowing product was achieved through the use of specific reactions, conditions and production techniques.5 The generalized structure of the polymer is represented in Figure 1. It appears to be a simple polysiloxane, however it is the amount and distri-bution of each of the various organic substituent groups that gives this polymer its unique properties. The success of this technology lies in the control of the specific ratio of functional mono (M), di (D) and tri (T) units within the polysiloxane backbone, which also contributes to this polymer’s unique performance properties.

Methods and MaterialsTest MethodsThree main testing evaluation protocols were utilized in this study:

Novel Polysiloxane Enhancing PolymerPerformance Comparison to Existing Technology

By Daniel J. Mania, Development Chemist, Wacker Chemical Corporation, Adrian, MI

Where R = OSiR3, OCH3, OCH2CH3, CH3, CH2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2, CH2CH2CH2NH2

R

R

Si O

FIGURE 1 » Idealized polymer structure of polysiloxane.


1. Enhancement as measured by a change in the L* or lightness value.

2. Weathering as monitored by change in the L* or light-ness value, using QUV and exterior exposure panels.6

3. Stain repellency focusing on household food-type stain-ing agents:7

a. under standard conditions; b. after surface abrasion; c. after accelerated QUV weathering.

Manufacturers’ label instructions were followed regard-ing the amount of material to be used, number of coats, residence time of coating (if any), time between re-coats (if any) and minimum cure time.

EnhancementTable 1 shows a list of substrates included in this study. Templates were utilized to assure exact positioning of the colorimeter for repeatability of measurements. Color measurements were taken prior to applying the enhanc-ing materials and after the enhancing materials were allowed to cure for a period of three days. The results were analyzed for absolute change in color values and percent-age change in color values focusing on the L* or lightness value in the CIE L*a*b* color space.

WeatheringQUV and exterior exposure were used to evaluate weather-ing properties of the enhancing materials. Saltillo tile, slate and aggregate concrete panels were chosen to evaluate weathering properties. The templates were used to take pre-enhanced measurements, followed by post-enhanced and cured measurements. After initial color measurements, QUV measurements were taken in 250-h increments up to 2500 h, and exterior exposure measurements were taken at four and 12 months. QUV testing was cycled for 4 h at 50 °C, with condensation on and the lights off and for 8 h at 60 °C with condensation off and lights on using QUV-A bulbs.

Stain RepellencyThe same three substrates used for weathering studies were also utilized for stain repellency testing. The test panels were all coated and allowed to cure for seven days prior to stain testing. Testing was similar to CTIOA-72 Field Report. The following staining agents were evalu-ated: ketchup, mustard, white wine vinegar, red wine, soy sauce, a cola soft drink, soya oil vegetable oil, coffee, water and a red cough syrup. The staining agents were allowed to reside on the substrates for 4 h. A household-grade spray cleanser was used with a sponge to clean the tiles after staining. The stains were each rated on a subjective scale of zero to four, with zero equaling no stain, and four equaling a very intense stain.

Weathered Stain RepellencySaltillo tiles and aggregate concrete panels were used for both weathering studies and accelerated weathering stain repellency testing (on the QUV panels). Panels were removed and stain tested upon exposure at the following intervals: 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 h, with all of the val-ues being compared to zero hours of exposure.

Abrasion Stain RepellencyAggregate concrete panels were coated as previously described and allowed to cure for seven days prior to abra-sion. The panels were abraded using a hog bristle brush on a Gardner linear abrasion machine using a modified version of ASTM D2486.8 Household-grade spray cleanser was diluted to 50% with water as a liquid cleaning agent. Initially, 50 mL of this solution were added to the panel, with 25 mL added at each 250-cycle increment. The panels were abraded for 2000 cycles. Only one half side of each coated face was abraded. The panels were allowed to dry for 24 h, and both the un-abraded and abraded sides were stain tested as previously described.

Analytical Testing• EPA Method 24 VOC Testing;9

• FT-IR and FT-NMR for basic polymer characterization. The samples were prepared utilizing solvent extraction techniques as outlined by Smith.10

TABLE 1 » Substrates for study.

Substrate Description

SlateDark base gray with variable swirl tones cut to different sizes to fit test method.

Aggregate concrete panel

Produced utilizing ASTM method and cut to different sizes to fit test method.

Saltillo tileOrange and dense clay-based tile cut to different sizes to fit test method.

Tumbled marble Light beige, 4x4 tiles used for enhancement only.Tumbled limestone Light beige, 6x6 tiles used for enhancement only.

MarbleLight blue-green, 4x4 tiles used for enhancement only.

MarbleBright white and porous, 6x6 tiles used for enhancement only.

Smooth concrete panels3x6 panels produced using same cement and sand as with aggregate concrete panels, but large aggregates were left out of mix.

Sandstone 2-inch sandstone cubes

Red brickRed brick produced from standard brick cement formulation with rough surface used for enhancement only.

TABLE 2 » Product chemistry code list.

Sample Description VOC (g/L) Flash Point (°C) CarrierSILRES BS 30 A Polysiloxane <100 >96 NoneA Polysiloxane 150 20 Solvent

B(SILRES BS 32 A)

Acrylicpolysiloxanefluoropolymer

<50 >93 Water

C Acrylic 0 >96 WaterD Acrylic 290 91 WaterE Linseed oil 0 84 Water

FEthylenevinyl acetatecopolymer

0 >96 Water

G Acrylic 0 >96 Water

HTung oil andfluoropolymer

0 >96 Water

Novel Polysiloxane Enhancing Polymer


Equipment• QUV – QUV – weather tester – Model QUV/Spray• Colorimeter – BYK Spectro-Guide Sphere• Settings: D65/10°• FT-IR – Thermo Nicolet 6700 IR spectrophotomer• FT-NMR – Bruker Avance II 400 spectrometer• Karl Fischer – A Metrohm Karl Fischer titrator with a Metrohm

Pt electrode• Gardner linear abrader D10V

Samples EvaluatedAll commercial materials were purchased and blindly evaluated. The descriptions in Table 2 are based on Technical Data Sheets and MSDS and if necessary, FT-IR and FT-NMR (H1, C13, F19 and Si29). Table 2 also shows the sample name (A-H) along with the basic chemistry of the product for performance comparison only.

Some reactive groups that leave during curing contribute to water-based materials having relatively low flash points. Gen-erally, polysiloxane evolves alcohol groups (either methanol or ethanol). Some of the low-VOC materials also have relatively low


R

Si O

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FIGURE 2 » % Δ in L for sandstone.


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FIGURE 3 » % Δ in L for beige tumbled marble.

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FIGURE 4 » % Δ in L for blue-green marble.

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ge in

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FIGURE 5 » % Δ in L for limestone.

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ge in

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ge in

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SILRES BS 30 A A B C D E F G HCh

ange

in L

(%)

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ge in

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FIGURE 6 » % Δ in L for white marble.

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ange

in L

(%)

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ge in

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FIGURE 7 » % Δ in L for red brick.


flash points, which at first appears to be incongruous. Low-VOC materials may still contain flashing VOCs but do not show up based on VOC testing protocols. According to Mania et. al.,11 as materials become lower and lower in VOC, the errors associated with the specific component test methods become less accurate, leading to erroneous VOC results. The data for some of these zero-VOC materials had component test values that exhibited over 100% material with solid content and water combined. This is why a material that has zero tested VOC, may also exhibit a relatively low flash point such as sample E.

Results and DiscussionSILRES® BS 30 A is the primary focus of this article. For brevity it will be referred to as special functional siloxane (SFS).

EnhancementSolvent-based materials have historically provided the best over-all attributes. Environmental concerns resulted in water-based material development. The solvent-based Sample A displays better initial overall enhancement than others tested. Some water-based products performed well over select subtrates. Over nearly all of the substrates SFS was the best at enhancing substrate attributes.

Substrate porosity may influence the enhancement proper-ties of the materials, but the specific influence has not yet been established, is unpredictable and it is not the only influencing factor. Two examples: slate (Figure 9), a low-porosity material shows high enhancement; and highly porous sandstone (Figure 2) showing even greater enhancement.

Figures 2 through 11 highlight the enhancement as a function of decreasing L* value. Figure 12 shows the average enhancement for all enhancers by substrate. SFS exhibits the greatest enhance-ment overall, followed closely by the solvent-based material.

Vegetable oil (Linseed and Tung) emulsions show the greatest enhancement of the water-based products even though they are only about a third of that of SFS and the solvent-based enhancers. These are followed closely by the acrylic/siloxane/flouropolymer

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FIGURE 8 » % Δ in L for Saltillo tile.

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ge in

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FIGURE 9 » % Δ in L for slate.

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FIGURE 10 » % Δ in L for aggregate concrete.

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FIGURE 11 » % Δ in L for smooth concrete.

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FIGURE 12 » Average % Δ in L for all substrates.



blended material. Clearly the acrylic and EVA-based materials, which are all water-based, presumably emulsions, exhibit the least enhancement.

WeatheringFigures 13-18 show the QUV results of the three tested substrates. For both aggregate concrete and Saltillo tile there appears to be little change after 250 h of accelerated weathering. The data as

shown shows a similar trend in L* value versus time for aggregate concrete and Saltillo tile for all enhancers. However the magnitude of the change for the water-based materials is greater than SFS and

QUV Accelerated ExposureAverage L* value of untreated = 70.8

L (V

alue

)L

(Val

ue)

L (V

alue

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QUV Accelerated WeatheringAverage L* value of untreated = 44.0


Time (h)

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SFSA B C D E F G H

SFSA C D E F G H

SFSA B C D E F G H

FIGURE 13 » QUV for aggregate concrete.QUV Accelerated ExposureAverage L* value of untreated = 70.8

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alue

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alue

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Time (h)

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SFSA B C D E F G H

FIGURE 14 » QUV for slate tiles.


L (V

alue

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ue)

L (V

alue

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Michigan – S45º Exterior Exposure

Time (h)

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SFSA C D E F G H

SFSA B C D E F G H

FIGURE 15 » QUV for Saltillo tiles.

L (V

alue

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elta

L*

Valu

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Michigan – S45º Exterior Exposure12 Months

Average L* value of blank substrate = 70.8

Time (h)

Exposure Time (Months)

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SFSA B C D E F G H

FIGURE 16 » Exterior exposure for aggregate concrete.

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FIGURE 17 » Exterior exposure for slate.

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QUV Accelerated Weathered

FIGURE 18 » Exterior exposure for Saltillo tiles.


the solvent-based products. Additionally, since all of the samples nearly stopped increasing in L* value after 250 h, the SFS still shows nearly 20% lower L* value than most water-based materials.

QUV of slate (Figure 14) shows a very interesting trend for the two vegetable oil enhancers. They origi-nally displayed greater enhancement retention versus the other water-based products. Subsequently the L* value continued to increase while the other water-based products have leveled off.

Michigan southern exposure samples have been on the test fence for 12 months. Readings were taken at one month, four months and 12 months. Overall the silicone-containing materials appear to be maintaining the great-est enhancement as of the publication of this study. Please note this data will continue to be collected for an indeter-minate amount of time.

Figures 16-18 are charts for exterior exposure testing in real time. Please note that the slate tile with sample B fell off the exposure rack and was destroyed, so no exte-rior exposure data over slate can be reported for Sample B. Exterior exposure testing appears to correlate well with QUV in that both types of weathering show a significant increase in L* values (decreasing enhance-ment) during the early part of the testing. This occurred in the first 250 h with QUV and the first four months with exterior exposure. Aggregate concrete panels appear to have plateaued in the increase in L* values at four months of exterior exposure for most of the sam-ples, whereas the L* values appear to still be increasing (losing enhancement) for some of the samples over both slate tiles and Saltillo tiles. The two polysiloxane samples (A and SFS) still maintain the best enhance-ment with exterior exposure. It is also interesting to note that the acrylic materials (samples C, D, F and G) and the oils (samples E and H) are still increasing in L* value at 12 months of exposure. In fact, several of the samples have L* values that are lighter than the origi-nal substrate, specifically samples C, D and E over slate tiles, and samples C, D, E, F and G over Saltillo tiles. The oil-containing samples (E and H) appear to be yellow-ing, while the acrylic-type-containing samples (C, D, F and G) appear to be chalking. The polysiloxane samples (A and SFS) are neither yellowing nor chalking. Overall the polysiloxane-containing materials maintain the greatest enhancement after the exposure testing.

Stain RepellencyTable 3 shows the stain repellency data for each enhancer and substrate. The individual stain agent data is not shown but it is important to note that mustard, coffee, red wine and vegetable oil stained the most.

The three pure acrylic materials show the best initial stain repellency performance. This is believed to be because they form a film. This film is shown to degrade rather quickly upon UV exposure. The Linseed oil-based mate-rial displays the worst stain repellency performance. The incorporation of fluoropolymer into samples B and H does not appear to improve overall stain repellency. Concrete is the most difficult substrate to prevent staining with most of the enhancers, while slate posed the least problem.

Each of the various silicone-containing materials per-formed very similarly to each other and showed similar performance to the EVA and Tung oil-based enhancers.

Weathered Stain RepellencySlate tiles showed the best (or lowest) scores for stain repellency, as such, they were not used for accelerated weathering stain testing. Figures 19 and 20 show the stain repellency rating values for each sample grouped by QUV exposure time. Samples SFS, A and B maintain relative stable stain repellency performance versus exposure time.

Figure 19 shows the stain repellency data versus time over aggregate concrete panels. Three added trend lines show relative stain repellency performance over exposure time. Samples A, B and SFS are relatively flat (consistent stain repellency), while the remainder of the samples (including F and H trend lines) are trending up (less stain repellency). The Linseed oil (sample E) starts out with relatively poor stain repellency performance and continues to worsen upon exposure. The other materials starting with relatively good stain repellency performance all worsen over time. After 2000 h of QUV exposure the polysiloxane materials exhibit stable per-formance while the others worsen.

QUV Accelerated Weathering (h)


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QUV Accelerated WeatheredStain Tested


0 250 500 1,000 2,000

0 250 500 1,000 2,000

FIGURE 19 » Stain testing of weathered aggregate concrete.

TABLE 3 » Stain repellency.

SampleSaltillo Tile

Stain Rating

SlateStain

Rating

Aggregate Concrete

Stain Rating

TotalStain

RatingSILRES BS 30 A 1 1 15 17A 1 0 17 18B (SILRES BS 32 A) 2 0 13 15C 1 0 4 5D 2 0 6 8E 16 0 13 29F 1 0 3 4G 1 4 8 13H 1 2 11 14Blank 32 11 36 79



Figure 20 shows the trends for stain repellency versus time for Saltillo tile. The three added trend lines show rela-tive stain repellency performance over exposure time. Stain repellency worsens over time for all Saltillo tiles. However, samples A, B, D and SFS all increase at a much reduced rate as compared to the other samples. Based upon the slopes of the trend-lines samples C, E, F, G and H all show an increase in staining (less stain repellency) rate by almost three times that of the increase in staining for samples A, B, D and SFS. After 2000 h of QUV exposure the polysiloxane materials exhibit stable performance while the others worsen.

Scrubbed Stain RepellencySaltillo tiles are clay based and relatively soft, so they were not used in scrub testing. The scrubbed, then stained data for aggregate concrete panels in Figure 21 is plotted for zero, 2000 and 4000 cycles. With the exception of the SFS sample, stain repellency worsens on all other materials after scrub-bing. Two of the trend bars give examples of this worsening phenomenon. Even the high-VOC (solvent-based) material shows worse stain repellency with increased scrubbing. This highlights the fact that film-forming materials (acrylics and EVA) may have superior initial stain repellency. However they do not wear as well, thus losing their early effective stain repellency. Conversely, the SFS material actually penetrates and reacts with the substrate and maintains the same perfor-mance with scrubbing.

Photographic ExamplesFigures 22 and 23 show two sets of the exterior exposure panels - one for Saltillo and one for slate tiles. The tiles are 12 inches square. Three enhancers in approximately three-inch widths were applied to each tile. The spaces in between are uncoated. Note that the SFS (SILRES BS 30 A) and sample A exhibit the strongest enhancement over Saltillo tile. Over slate the enhancement with SFS (SILRES BS 30 A) enriches the natural beauty of the sub-strate. Please note these photos were taken after only four months of exterior exposure.

Figure 24 displays samples of each enhancing product applied to sandstone. Note the superior enhancement of the SFS (SILRES BS 30 A) and samples A, B and H over the acrylic and EVA materials (samples C, D, G and F).

Test Condition

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ADGLinear (B)

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Scrubbed vs Not ScrubbedStain Repellency

Scrubbed 4,000 cyclesScrubbed 2,000 cyclesNot Scrubbed

Sample F Sample G Sample H Sample D Sample E Sample CSample A Sample B SILRES BS 30 A

FIGURE 21 » Stain testing of scrubbed aggregate concrete.

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FIGURE 22 » Saltillo tile.

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Sample H Sample A Sample B Sample D Sample E Sample CSample F Sample G SILRES BS 30 A

FIGURE 23 » Slate.

Sample H Sample A Sample B

Sample B Sample E Sample H

Sample AUntreated Sample D Sample G

SILRES BS 30 A Sample C Sample F

Sample D Sample E Sample CSample F Sample G SILRES BS 30 A

FIGURE 24 » Sandstone.



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0 250 500 1,000 2,000

FIGURE 20 » Stain testing of weathered Saltillo tiles.


ConclusionsThe goal of this article is to highlight the performance advantages of the unique structure of neat siloxane chemistry as a surface-enhancing material, specifically with respect to enhancement, weatherability and stain repellency.• The acrylic materials displayed good initial stain repellency, but

provided less initial enhancement. Stain repellency suffered (at a greater rate) upon weathering and scrubbing.

• Vegetable oil performance: Tung oil exhibits better stain repel-lency than Linseed oil. Both suffered upon exposure and scrub-bing. The data suggests that this trend will continue.

• Polysiloxanes displayed the best initial enhancement and best enhancement retention. Although the polysiloxanes were not the best for initial stain repellency, their attributes became evi-dent upon exposure and scrubbing.

• Weatherability and scrub performance of the SFS material was equal to or better than other tested products. It is the best at maintaining stain repellency and enhancement properties of the products tested.

AcknowledgementsMany people have supported this project to date. I would like to acknowledge their contributions, not in any particular order: Diana Omycinski, Steve Ross, Chris Reeves, Roland Ruan and Bernie Rickard, for all of their analytical work. I would also like to thank the co-developers of this product, Dr. Hartmut Ackermann, Mike Coffey and Richard Kirkpatrick. I would also like to thank Mark Westfall for helping to combine two papers into one for this publication. Lastly, but certainly not least, I would like

to thank Erica Vera, Rick Coffey and Lucas Madison for their help with the accelerated weathering, abrasion testing and stain repellency testing. Without their support much of this work would not have been able to be completed in a timely fashion.

References1 Hall, J. “Novel Waterborne Technology for Wet Look Sealers”, Reichhold,

presented at 2012 Coatings for Concrete ACS Show in Las Vegas, Nevada.2 Presentation by X-rite Corporation, entitled “A Guide to Understanding Color

Communication,” Grand Rapids, MI (2007).3 Mania, D.J. New, Low-VOC, Enhancing Polysiloxane Technology, 41st

Annual Waterborne, High-Solids and Powder Coating Conference (2013), New Orleans, LA, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS.

4 Mania, D.J., from the 42nd Annual Waterborne, High-Solids and Powder Coating Conference (2014), New Orleans, LA, University of Southern Missis-sippi, Hattiesburg, MS. February 2014.

5 Ackermann, H.; Mania, D.J.; Kirkpatrick, R.L.; Coffey, M. Non-Yellowing, Low-VOC Mineral Surface Enhancer, US Patent – US 8,470,949 B2, June 25, 2013.

6 ASTM G 154 – 12a: Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Non Metallic Materials, Volume 14.04.

7 CTIOA Field Report T-72 (R-02), Stain Repellency Test Method, http://www.ctioa.org, Ceramic Tile Institute of America.

8 ASTM D 2486 – 06: Standard Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints, Volume 6.02.

9 Brezinski, J.J. Manual on Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content in Paints, Inks, and Related Coating Products: Second Edition, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1993.

10 Smith, A.L. The Analytical Chemistry of Silicones, Wiley, New York, 1991.11 Mania, D.J.; Bruck, M.L.; Fezzey, S.; Floyd, F.L. Sources of Error in VOC

Determination Via EPA Method 24, Journal of Coatings Technology, August 2001, Vol. 73, Issue 919, pg. 111-117.

I n the ongoing shift from solvent- to water-based coatings, alkyds have stubbornly resisted the change, and for valid reasons. Solvent-based alkyds are cost efficient and versatile, with a long his-

tory of proven performance in architectural, industrial and specialty applications. They offer excellent adhesion, hardness, gloss and corrosion resistance. These resins are also highly viscous: they originate as solids, making it very difficult to formulate shelf-stable coatings without the addition of solvent. Despite numerous options, includ-ing water-reducible alkyds, modified alkyd dispersions and alkyd emulsions, only 10% of alkyd-based coatings are currently waterborne.1 Challenges to widespread adoption include delayed hardness development, lower gloss and reduced corrosion protection. To help formula-tors bridge the performance gap and produce differenti-ated products in this space, Dow Coating Materials has developed a novel dispersion technology that can be used to formulate waterborne alkyds that can perform as well as or better than solventborne versions.

If It Ain’t Broke?With an estimated annual value of $25 billion USD, alkyds are among the most widely used binder chemis-tries for paints and coatings.2 In architectural applica-tions, they are a go-to option where low cost and high gloss are desired. On metal substrates, they offer excel-lent adhesion, corrosion resistance and gloss. Although solventborne options dominate in this binder category, accounting for approximately 60%, or 3 billion pounds, of annual consumption,3 a Voice of the Market Study suggests that most formulators would prefer water-borne options.4 Compared to their solventborne counter-parts, waterborne coatings offer lower VOC capability, improved personal safety, soap-and-water clean-up and easier disposal. So what’s holding waterborne back? Cur-rent options fall into one of three categories.

As illustrated in Figure 1, water-reducible alkyd resins incorporate excess acid groups and are neutral-ized with amines for water dispersibility. Because they are supplied in hydrophilic solvent, VOC levels are only marginally lower compared to solventborne alkyds (240-360 g/L vs. 450-650 g/L). In addition, shelf life after reduction in water is very short due to ester hydro-lysis. This can lead to loss of molecular weight and a resulting loss in final film performance.

ADVANCING

ALKYDSNovel Dispersion Technology Pushes Waterborne Performance to New Levels

By Erin Vogel, Research Scientist, Dow Coating Materials, Midland, MI; and Kristine Poblete, Global Metal Segment Leader, Dow Coating Materials, Collegeville, PA

FIGURE 1 » Water-reducible alkyd resins in hydrophilic solvent.

!

Alkyd Core

Acrylic Shell

FIGURE 2 » Modified alkyd dispersion in water.



Modified alkyd dispersions, by contrast, incorporate an acrylic shell around an alkyd core, which protects ester linkages from hydrolysis; the resin is neutralized with an amine for water dispersibility (Figure 2). This design allows for VOC levels of <100 g/L. However, during modi-fication a considerable amount of high-acid-value impu-rities are generated, which results in reduced corrosion protection compared to solventborne alkyds.

Alkyd emulsions, shown in Figure 3, are a third type of waterborne alkyd. They are stabilized with anionic/nonionic surfactants and can go as low as zero VOC; how-ever, the high level of surfactant required (5-10%/wt) to stabilize the emulsion can affect shelf stability and leads to water sensitivity in the final film due to surfactant migra-tion. Reduced water resistance and corrosion protection are common performance trade-offs.

How To Fix ItIn contrast to the three commercial options described above, BLUEWAVE™ dispersion technology developed by Dow is a solvent-free system that requires no polymer modification and little or no surfactant. These key factors

enable waterborne alkyd coatings with performance simi-lar to existing solventborne coatings, but at near-zero VOC levels. As demonstrated in Figure 4, a waterborne alkyd probe developed with BLUEWAVE technology performed well above a commercial waterborne alkyd and delivered exceptional, improved corrosion resistance compared to a commercial solventborne alkyd. The waterborne alkyd probe also delivered higher gloss than the commercial waterborne alkyd and was comparable to the solventborne alkyd. Details of the waterborne alkyd probe and test for-mulation are provided in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

How the Technology WorksBLUEWAVE dispersion technology employs a continu-ous, solvent-free mechanical dispersion process coupled with the application of advanced interfacial and for-mulation science. As illustrated in Figure 5, continu-ous high-shear mixing creates a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), which is subsequently let down via the addition of water. The novel and proprietary pro-cess delivers a controlled particle size and high percent solids in a shelf-stable emulsion of highly viscous resins

TABLE 1 » Physical properties of waterborne alkyd probe enabled by BLUEWAVE dispersion technology.

Property XCM-88Appearance Milky white liquidSolids (%) 58Particle size (nm) 165Viscosity* (cP) 3,000pH 9.0

Typical properties, not to be construed as specifications*Viscosity measured with Brookfield viscometer: spindle #4, 10 rpm

!

Alkyd Core

Acrylic Shell

Surfactant Shell

AlkydCore

Dow WB alkyd

CommercialSB alkyd

Commercial WB alkyd

All coatings were cured for 14 days, 23 °C, 50% rh;

300 Hours Salt Spray Exposure

0

100

200

300

400

500

Commercial SBalkyd

CommercialWB alkyd

Dow's WBalkyd probe

Commercial SBalkyd

CommercialWB alkyd

Dow's WBalkyd probe

VOC

(g/L

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

20º G

loss

FIGURE 3 » Waterborne alkyd stabilized with anionic/nonionic surfactants.

!

Alkyd Core

Acrylic Shell

Surfactant Shell

AlkydCore

Dow WB alkyd

CommercialSB alkyd

Commercial WB alkyd

All coatings were cured for 14 days, 23 °C, 50% rh; ~1 mil DFT on CRS panels; ASTM B117 corrosion testing

300 Hours Salt Spray Exposure

0

100

200

300

400

500

Commercial SBalkyd

CommercialWB alkyd

Dow's WBalkyd probe

Commercial SBalkyd

CommercialWB alkyd

Dow's WBalkyd probe

VOC

(g/L

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

20º G

loss

FIGURE 4 » Comparison of VOC level, corrosion resistance, and gloss of solventborne and waterborne alkyd coatings.

TABLE 2 » Test formulation made with waterborne alkyd probe enabled by BLUEWAVE technology.

Material Name PoundsGrindWater 5.50BYK-093 0.20Borchi 1253 1.30AMP-95 0.20Acrysol™ RM-8W 0.40Ti-Pure R-706 24.00Calcium Hydro-chem, 5% 1.60Grind subtotal 33.20Let DownDow WB alkyd (XCM-88) 71.42Borchi OxyCoat 1101 0.60Sodium nitrite (15%) 1.20Totals 106.42

Property ValueTotal PVC 14.1%Volume solids 50.1%Weight solids 60.5%VOC generic water excl. <5 g/L

Typical properties, not to be construed as specifications


Advancing Alkyds

without the need for solvent, hydrophilic modification or high levels of surfactant.

Why It Is DifferentThe majority of waterborne alkyds on the market today employ a low-molecular-weight alkyd and rely on hydrophilic modification and/or high levels of solvent to manage vis-cosity. Shelf stability is maintained via high levels of surfactant or neutralization in high acid content. All of these factors can detract from the performance of the final film.

This new technology, by contrast, does not require increased surfactant loading or high acid values; it does not require hydrophilic modification or low molecular weight; and it is solvent-free. All of these factors contribute to a higher performing film and very low VOC levels. As demonstrated in Table 3, waterborne alkyd coatings enabled by BLUEWAVE technology are <5 g/L VOC and offer a good balance of proper-ties and equivalent or better corrosion

protection compared to commercial sol-ventborne alkyds, as well as better cor-rosion protection and gloss compared to commercial waterborne alkyds.

SummaryExtensive testing demonstrates that BLUEWAVE dispersion technology enables waterborne alkyds that offer a perfor-mance level significantly exceeding cur-rently available waterborne alternatives and equal to – and in some cases better than – solventborne alkyds. Formulators can use this technology to produce water-borne alkyd coatings that offer excellent stability/shelf life, rapid hardness develop-ment, high gloss and excellent corrosion resistance. In addition, this solvent-free technology minimizes the need for surfac-tant and other additives, helping to keep final coating formulations down to 10 g/L VOC or less. The technology also is com-patible with medium- and long-oil alkyds and a wide range of molecular weights.

References1 ISH Chemical Estimates, SRI Alkyd Sur-

face Coatings 2013.2 ISH Chemical Estimates, SRI Alkyd Sur-

face Coatings 2013.3 ISH Chemical Estimates, SRI Alkyd Sur-

face Coatings 2013.4 Sp e cia lChem Voic e of t he Ma rket

Study 2011.

Aknowledgement:Additional contributors to this article include Venessa Williams, Bob Bills, Christina Ellison, Jaime Sullivan, Marty Beebe, Rebecca Ortiz, Jay Romick and Daryoosh Beigzadeh, Dow Coating Materials.

InitialWater

High InternalPhase

EmulsionWaterborne

AlkydDispersionPrimary

Mixer

OptimalSurfactant

DilutionMixer

DilutionWater

Alkyd

25

20

15

10

5

01,000100101.1

Volu

me

%

Particle Diameter (µm)

FIGURE 5 » BLUEWAVE dispersion technology creates a controlled particle size (0.1-5.0 um) using no solvent, no polymer modification and very little surfactant (0-4% based on resin solids).

TABLE 3 » Property and performance comparison of waterborne alkyd enabled by BLUEWAVE technology versus commercial waterborne and solventborne options.

Sample Commercial SB Alkyd Commercial WB Alkyd Dow WB Alkyd ProbeVOC (g/L) >400 <10 <5DFT (mil) 1.1 1.2 1.1Tack free (h) 2.4 0.2 0.620° gloss 71 38 8660° gloss 89 80 95König hardness (sec) 25 21 40Pencil hardness 3B B BAdhesion 3B 3B 5BDirect impact 80 20 20

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G reenwashing, or the practice of misrepresent-ing or over representing the environmental benefits of a product or practice, is common in consumer marketing. The term was coined

in 1986 by Jay Westervelt to describe the still-used prac-tice of hotel chains encouraging patrons to reuse towels and sheets under the guise of environmental stewardship. Westervelt felt that such practices were ruses – in his mind, the hotel chains were simply hoping for decreased energy or water bills and thus greater profit margins.

To many within the coatings industry, the terms ‘renewable raw materials’, ‘sustainable practices’ and ‘green chemistry’ have real and tangible meanings. How-ever, to the average consumer these terms blur and are

often commonly understood to showcase the environ-mentally friendly nature of a product. This dissonance is confusing, and unfortunately, for a robustly science-based industry like coatings, is used opportunistically by PR and advertising gurus. Nearly all consumer-facing markets are experiencing a deluge of greenwashing as each of these industries attempts to keep up with public opinion.

The crux of greenwashing is that the public is often unaware that green claims can be rigorously quantified beyond common notions of carbon emissions reductions, decreased toxicity, and waste recycling and reduction. As a performance-based market sector, the coatings industry is uniquely positioned to lead public educational efforts about the types of green claims that make scientific sense and the methods for verifying them. Coatings involve complex raw materials, energy-intensive formulations or applications, varying performance lifetimes, and vastly different degrees of recyclability and/or biodegradation. Each of these facets can be, and generally are, monitored in varying degrees by all of the leading companies in the coatings industry.

As illustrated by Tony Mash in an April 2015 article in Paint & Coatings Industry (PCI) magazine, the rule of thumb for the environmental impact of coatings splits the responsibility across three areas: 10% is due to for-mulation; 40% is due to downstream usage, lifetime and disposal; and 50% comes from the impact of the raw mate-rial manufacturing. Mash also highlights in his article that many efforts by coatings companies have focused on the combined 50% of formulation and downstream usage aspects of their coatings’ environmental impacts, as these were the “low-hanging fruit” for the major players in the industry. Additionally, it could be argued, particularly from a scientist or marketing manager standpoint, that improved performance, product lifetime and less energy-intensive formulations are more intellectually stimulating and immediately appealing to end users.

However, consumers are becoming more scrupulous and eager for products that do it all – high performance, affordable cost and minimal environmental impact. Look-ing to the food ingredients industry and the cosmetics and personal care industry, sustainable raw material sourcing and traceability thereof are hot topics. In products rang-

Sustainable Sustainability

ClaimsBy Lee Colyer Speight, Ph.D., Manager, Technology & Downstream Products; and Christopher J. Lanci, Ph.D., Manager, Downstream Business Development, North America, Green Biologics Inc., Abingdon, Oxon, U.K.; and Douglas Mazeffa, Environmental Project Manager, The Sherwin-Williams Company, Cleveland, OH

Renewable raw material A

+

Petrochemical raw material B

50% Renewable final product

25% Renewable label claims

Petrochemical raw material A


+

100% Petrochemical final product

Products are manufactured with both renewable and petrochemical materials. Volume certificates are

purchased from the renewable raw material supplier. Label claims are based

on percentage of certified volume purchased across all

production sites and/or batches.

Production site or batch #1


Certified volume certficate

Renewable raw materials are mixed with petrochemical

FIGURE 1 » ‘Book and claim’ sustainability claims method.


ing from fruit snacks and peanut butter to nail polish and eye shadow, marketers of food and personal care compa-nies are working hard to highlight gluten-free, GMO-free, and ‘all-natural’ products, but, as highlighted in random interviews done by late night host Jimmy Kimmel, con-sumers often do not understand what any of these claims really mean. To consumers, these taglines mean a product is better and more natural – often with little to no cor-roboration. This is not a universal truth however, as there are examples of food and cosmetic industry responses to the public’s interest in natural, responsibly sourced raw materials in a structured, sustained and specific manner. A great example of this is an ingredient used extensively in both food and personal care products – palm kernel oil.

In the past, palm oil plantations came under scrutiny for aggressive deforestation and encroachment onto land used by mammal species of concern such as orangutans. As a result, several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and concerned consumers threatened to stop using prod-ucts containing palm oil. As one might imagine, this was a PR nightmare, as the performance benefits consumers were experiencing in products that used palm oil, par-ticularly in the food and personal care markets, were being overshadowed by news about unsustainable practices in the products’ supply chain. In 2004, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) was established to grow the usage of sustainable oil products from the palm tree ker-nel through credible global standards and engagement of stakeholders. It is crucial to highlight the wording of this mission statement: the RSPO believes that they can grow usage (i.e. increase profitability) of palm oil products by creation of credible global standards and engagement of stakeholders. Is it too much of a reach to think the same could be done for raw materials in the coatings industry?

Sustainable SourcingRSPO is keen to highlight three distinct methods of raw material sourcing that can be used by the coatings industry to make three different types of claims. First, there is ‘book and claim’, which is a certificate trading system (Figure 1). This works as follows: formulators and other users of a given raw material that can be sourced sustainably purchase said raw material and a certificate for each unit (e.g. tonne) purchased. It is important to note that not all of the raw material purchased has to come from a sustainable source; certificates can be purchased to count for traditional sourcing and as an ‘offset’ (similar to carbon trading). This, while compli-cated, allows for companies to support the development of a sustainable raw material when the actual purchase price, logistics or available volumes do not suit the pres-ent needs of the purchaser. Furthermore, from a market-ing perspective, it allows a company to make verifiable claims that they are monetarily supporting sustainabil-ity in their supply chain.

The second method of sustainability for raw material sourcing highlighted by RSPO is called ‘mass balance’ (Figure 2). In this method, raw material purchasers and formulators buy both sustainably sourced raw materi-als as well as traditional material. These two streams are co-mingled, but the total volume of material sold

as “certified sustainable” cannot exceed the verifiable volumes of actual sustainable materials that were pur-chased. In practice, mass balance claims can vary. A common example is: 25% of raw material X was sustain-ably sourced in the manufacturing of product Y for year ABCD. Volumes are verified by purchases, basically by bookkeeping of the purchaser, not certificates. Further-more, each batch of formulated product is not checked to see if it also contains the same % of sustainable raw material; under mass balance, 25% of batches could be 100% sustainable and 75% could be 0%, and the afore-mentioned claim would still be valid.

The third, and arguably most transparent method highlighted by RSPO is called ‘segregated product lines’ (Figure 3). As the name implies, raw material purchas-ers keep 100% of the sustainably sourced raw material completely segregated from traditionally sourced materi-als throughout the supply chain. This means that if the value chain for a product involves the initial purchase of raw material, which is then transformed or processed by one party and then sold to another for further processing before ending up in the final consumer’s hands, each leg in this process must be completely segregated. Convoluted as this may sound, products utilizing sustainably sourced materials that go through segregated product lines can be verified with a simple test; radiocarbon dating, or 14C test-ing. Sustainably sourced raw materials containing car-bon atoms (e.g. nearly everything, save for hydrogen and oxygen gases) contain a higher amount of 14C than tradi-


+






+











+


25% Renewablelabel claimsMixed supply

raw material A

Renewable raw materials are mixed with petrochemical raw materials and the volumes of each are monitored.

Renewable label claims are based on theoretical maximum volume.


+





+


Renewable raw materials are kept separate from petrochemical raw materials. Renewable product claims are consistent and verified

based on 14C radioisotope testing.

50% Renewablelabel claims


FIGURE 2 » ‘Mass balance’ sustainability claims method.


+






+











+


25% Renewablelabel claimsMixed supply

raw material A

Renewable raw materials are mixed with petrochemical raw materials and the volumes of each are monitored.

Renewable label claims are based on theoretical maximum volume.


+





+






FIGURE 3 » ‘Segregated product’ sustainability claims method.

Sustainable Sustainability Claims


tionally sourced materials. Verification by credible and industry-accepted methods, e.g. ATSM-6866, can be performed by organizations such as universities and analytical testing facilities.

Segregated product lines provide a potent method for verification through radiocarbon dating and as such are favored by governmental programs such as the USDA’s BioPreferred® pro-gram, which combines voluntary label-ing and mandatory federal purchasing guidelines to increase the use of bio-based sustainable finished goods. Mass balance methods of sustainably sourced raw materials can also work with these types of programs if there is little to no batch-to-batch variation in the ingredi-ent sourcing. For example, if a penetrat-

ing lubricant is made of 68% sustainably sourced raw materials and 32% tradition-ally sourced raw materials, and can pass ASTM 6866 showing 68% each batch, it can be labeled USDA BioPreferred as a 68% biobased penetrating lubricant.

Life Cycle AssessmentIt is not the author’s intention to commu-nicate this information to the reader as if it was simple or even easy to follow. The truth is that with myriad of options for sustainable sourcing, a unified method of analyzing the total inputs to a product, as well as industry experts to calculate this are both needed and desired by our indus-try. Clearly, sustainable raw material sourcing must be considered in addition to, not separate from, all other aspects

of the way a product is produced, used, and eventually discarded or reused. As was mentioned earlier, Tony Mash noted that the rule of thumb for environmental impact of coatings is only 50% due to raw material sourcing. How does one tie in the other half? One such unified method is called life cycle assessment (LCA), a complex subject that requires an expert to explain. Douglas Mazeffa, Environmental Project Manager from The Sherwin-Wil-liams Company, graciously provided the following comments:

“Although life cycle assessment (LCA) has been around since the 1960s, it has only recently been gaining popular-ity within the coatings industry. This increase in popularity has largely come from increasing requests through green building programs such as LEED v4, Green Globes and the International Green Construction Code. However, creating an LCA for a product is not trivial and it is important to understand its structure, benefits and limitations before formally conducting studies.

LCA is a form of environmental impact assessment that tracks several environ-mental indicators throughout the entire life cycle of a product (Figure 4). Said another way, LCA uses a cradle-to-grave approach as opposed to only consider-ing one area of a product’s life cycle (application or disposal, for example). LCA also goes well beyond other forms of impact benchmarking such as car-bon footprinting because it tracks sev-eral environmental indicators (usually around a half-dozen). By doing this, LCA prevents burden-shifting, meaning the creation of unintended environmental consequences when optimizing the envi-ronmental performance of a product.

LCA operates through a mass bal-ance that tracks all inputs and outputs throughout the supply chain. Inputs include energy, water and any raw materials, and outputs include wastes, pollution, emissions, by-products and the finished product itself. There are a number of international standards that govern the structure of an LCA, including ISO 14040, 14044 and 14025. For building material products such as coatings, ISO 21930 and EN 15804 are important as well.

There are several different forms of LCA, but the most common type is called process-based or attributional LCA. All forms of LCA are data-intensive, and it is usually recommended to perform a

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screening or hotspot LCA as a first step to help determine where to focus data collection and other research efforts.

An important distinction of LCA is that it uses what is called a ‘functional unit’ as its basis for comparison. A functional unit considers the quantity, quality and duration of the service provided by the product(s) being studied. In an LCA for an architectural coat-ing, for example, this means comparing how much of a coating it takes to cover an area of substrate, how well the coating covers the substrate, and how long the substrate remains adequately covered. This sort of approach is superior to simply comparing an arbitrary quantity of coatings to draw environmental conclusions.

Because LCA tracks so many indicators, it is common to have tradeoffs between products. For example, product ‘A’ may have a lower impact in global warming, acidification and smog forma-tion, but a larger impact in toxicity, eutrophication and ozone depletion. This can make decision making difficult. However, it is important to stress that all business decisions impact the environ-ment in unique ways and should not be over-simplified or ignored. There are a variety of ways tradeoffs can be addressed, but a case-to-case decision is often the best way to proceed.

The demand for LCAs is being primarily driven by LEED v4, which gives up to two points for products that have what are called Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). The easiest way to describe an EPD is as a nutrition label, but rather than fat, calories, protein, etc., it lists the environmental indicators from an LCA. Not only is conducting an LCA the only way to create an EPD, but it also needs to follow a formal set of guidelines based on

its relevant product category (called a Product Category Rule or PCR). Earlier this summer, the American Coatings Association published the first PCR for architectural coatings in the United States, which means that any coating manufacturer is able to






Diagram from Kenneth Buddha Jeans

FIGURE 4 » Visual representation of product life-cycle as used in LCA.

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pursue the publication of EPDs at this time. This PCR is available through NSF or at www.paint.org.

LCAs are already fairly common in the marketplace, especially industries such as automotive, electronics, clothing, food and flooring, which have been progres-sive in getting LCAs into the hands of their customers. LCAs are still more common in Europe, but have been rapidly increasing in popularity in the United States over the past decade.

The main challenge for LCA and EPDs is the gener-ally limited experience of the individuals who often end up using these documents. PCRs, LCAs and EPDs are highly technical documents and difficult to interpret accurately without formal training. Currently, the path-way to improve the quality of training and increase the knowledge base of design professionals is unclear and inconsistent. However, this move towards environmental impact transparency will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of the impacts of buildings in time.”

ConclusionNo single document, speech or industrial committee can clarify the murky waters of sustainability claims. As Douglas Mazeffa points out, the technical complexities of LCAs and EPDs are a tremendous barrier to transpar-ency in claims – the same can be said for all sustainabil-ity arguments, especially for raw material sourcing. The intent of this article is to highlight the vast complexities facing the coatings industry as it continues to respond to

consumer and regulatory demands for “more environ-mentally friendly products.”

Traceable and verifiable methods of sustainability for raw material sourcing, formulation methodology and testing product performance are essential for a science-based industry moving to address consumer demands for green products. Several other industries have found success in doing so, and their transformations have given rise to NGOs and other groups that aggressively support the sustainable sourcing of key raw materials and better practices. It is important to note that the average consumer can easily change brands of food or cosmetics if they discover the supplier’s claims to be greenwashed, but the same cannot be said for the paint on the walls of the consumer’s house. Thus, if one wants to inspire loyalty in this market, claims must be correct and verifiable the first time as the cost barrier to “trying something again” is too high in the case of the average consumer. The same could be said about product perfor-mance – inferior products are not acceptable in any case, especially not as a result of greenwashing. If the coatings industry wants to adequately respond to growing con-sumer demand for traceable, sustainable, affordable and high-performing products, transparency is essential. Without transparency and regular communication of the details of our claims, we are simply asking our cus-tomers to kindly reuse their towels. Verifiably sourcing sustainable raw materials combined with LCA and other analyses might just be the best place to start.

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Mixing SolutionsPOWDER TECHNOLOGIES INC.The “2015 Ystral Catalog – 110% Mixing Solutions” provides an overview of the wide range of Ystral’s products and ser-vices, with an additional focus on pro-cessing systems. Technical information is updated, and a background on the company and its management team, with an overview of Ystral’s test center, are provided. Call 609/914.0521.

Three-Roll MillCHARLES ROSS & SON CO.The three-roll mill features hardened carbon steel 52100 precision-ground rolls, each cored for water cooling and heating. Standard hand-wheel controls feature a quick release/reset engage-ment mechanism for easy operation and accurate repeatability, while a trip switch across the top of the mill helps ensure operator safety. Call 800/243.7677.

OvenGRIEVENo. 806 is a 500 °F, electrically heated walk-in oven with workspace dimen-sions of 72” W x 96” D x 78” H. Fea-tures include 4” insulated walls, aluminized steel exterior and inte-rior, removable t o p - m o u n t e d heating chamber, and a fully insulated floor. E-mail [email protected].

Laser Particle SizersFRITSCHThe ANALYSETTE 22 MicroTec plus laser is ideal for fast analysis of particle size with light scattering, and has a measur-ing range of 0.08–2000 µm for all typi-cal measurement tasks. The high-end instrument ANALYSETTE 22 NanoTec plus is ideal for measurements down to the nano-range. Visit www.fritsch.de.

Dust Collection ToolCAMFIL AIR POLLUTION CONTROLThe first web-based system for dust collection diagnostics, the new Gold-Link™ system provides around-the-clock access to dust collection opera-tions by monitoring four preset ana-

log inputs and 16 preset digital inputs. Critical monitored points include filter pressure drop, airflow velocity, emis-sions, fan and VFD run status, explo-sion protection devices, and more. Visit www.camfilapc.com/goldlink.

Biobased PolyolBASFA biobased polyol for VOC-free 2K PU applications, Sovermol® 830 promotes sustainable development for industrial flooring systems, coatings exposed to potable water and semi-structural adhesives. The complex polyether-ester polyol has excellent water-repellent properties and exhibits excellent curing properties, even in challenging curing environments with high humidity and temperature. Visit www.basf.com.

PumpsBLACKMERAvailable with or without external tim-ing gears and bearings, Blackmer S Series pumps are self-priming double-ended positive displacement pumps. Twin and triple screw designs provide complete axial balancing of the rotating screws, and timing technologies elimi-nate metal-to-metal contact with the pump. Visit www.blackmer.com.

Silicone ResinEVONIKSILIKOPHEN® AC 950 is a new high-temperature-resistant, high-solids silicone resin that is HAPS-free and offers protective properties in indus-trial applications. It cures at ambi-ent temperature, utilizing a catalyst. Visit www.evonik.com.

New Rheometer FeatureBROOKFIELD An automatic gap setting feature for the RST-CPS Touch™ Cone/Plate rhe-ometer sets the critical gap between the nose of the spindle cone and the plate of the instrument. The Automatic Spindle Recognition System utilizes a barcode on the spindle shaft to iden-tify the spindle’s cone diameter, angle and truncation value. The unit reads the barcode and automatically sets the gap to the proper truncation value. Call 800/628.8139.


PUBLISHING/SALES STAFF Senior Group Publisher Tom A. Esposito Group Publisher/ Thomas Fowler East Coast Sales Tel: 248/786.1717 • Fax: 248/502.1091 E-mail: [email protected] Midwest/ Lisa Guldan West Coast Sales Tel: 630/293.7261 E-mail: [email protected] China Media Rep. Hanna Liu E-mail: [email protected] Europe Regional Manager Gabriele Fahlbusch Tel: 49 (0) 202-271690 E-mail: [email protected] Inside Sales Manager Andrea Kropp Tel: 810/688.4847 E-mail: [email protected] Production Manager Brian Biddle Tel: 847/405.4104 • Fax: 248/244.3915 E-mail: [email protected]

EDITORIAL STAFF Editor Kristin Johansson Tel: 248/641.0592 • Fax: 248/502.2094 E-mail: [email protected] Associate Editor Karen Parker & E-News Editor Tel: 248/229.2681 E-mail: [email protected] Art Director Clare L. Johnson

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDJohn Boisseau

R&D Lab Manager, Precision Coatings, Inc.Anthony Carignano

Sales & Marketing Specialist, PCT Engineered Systems, LLCJennifer L. Cogar

Global Applications Technology Leader, Architectural Coatings, Eastman Chemical CompanyJohn N. Cox Senior, Ph.D.

Senior R&D Scientist, Military, The Sherwin Williams Co.David Fasano, Ph.D.

Principal Technical Service Scientist, Dow Coating MaterialsNancy Lockhart

Product & Technology, Color Marketing Manager, Axalta Coating SystemsVijay Mannari, Ph.D.

Distinguished Professor, Polymers and Coatings Tech., Eastern Michigan University

Dominic MorganPR & Marketing Executive , China Chemicals Market

Steven J. NerlfiManaging Director, Kusumgar, Nerlfi & Growney, Inc.

Daniel Pedersen, Ph.D.Vice President of Science and Standards, Green Seal, Inc.

OPERATIONS STAFF Single Copy Sales Ann Kalb E-mail: [email protected] Reprint Manager Jill L. DeVries 248/244.1726 E-mail: [email protected]

LIST RENTAL, POSTAL & E-MAIL CONTACTS Sr. Account Manager Kevin Collopy [email protected] Tel: 402/836.6265 Toll Free: 800/223.2194 Ext. 684 Sr. Account Manager Michael Costantino [email protected] Tel: 402/836.6266

CORPORATE DIRECTORS Publishing John R. Schrei Corporate Strategy Rita M. Foumia Content Deployment Michelle Hucal Creative Michael T. Powell Events Scott Wolters Finance Lisa L. Paulus Information Technology Scott Krywko Human Resources Marlene J. Witthoft Production Vincent M. Miconi Clear Seas Research Beth A. Surowiec

For subscription information or service, please contact Customer Service at: Tel: 847/763.9534 or Fax: 847/763.9538 or e-mail [email protected]


CLASSIFIEDSEQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT

POSITIONS AVAILABLE

PRODUCTS & SERVICES

EQUIPMENT

It’s time to change

your Blade!

www.quickblades.net [email protected]

260•359•2072High Speed Dispersion

Stainless IT Stainless ITT

The CONN Blade®sMost Efficient & Aggressive Available

UHMW Poly

w w w . c o n n b l a d e . c o m (814) 723-7980

INSULATEDOVEN PANELS20-16 ga. 2” thru 6” thick, formed

tongue & groove, aluminized, galvanized, stainless steel.

ENVIRONMENTAL ROOMSPanels – white, one or both sides

OVENS, WASHERS, DIP TANKS, ETC.

fabricated to your specifications.

R J Manufacturing, Inc.P.O. Box 86

Iron Mountain, MI 49801(906)779-9151 Fax: (906)542-6151

HIGH SPEED

DISPERSERS

1-800-243-ROSSwww.dispersers.com

Scan to see units in stock for fast delivery.

RECRUITMENT SERVICES

Specializing in paint/coatings industry. Seeking passionate, high-impact professionals for nationwide positions. Send your resume in confidence to:

Spencer M. Hermann

SEARCHLIGHT PARTNERS28052 Camino Capistrano, Suite 209

Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 (949)429-8813 • [email protected]

P.A.T.T.I.Coating Adhesion Testers

“When Accuracy Matters!”● Analog/Digital/Computer Models Available● Complete Packages start at only $999!

www.adhesiontesting.com

CUSTOM MANUFACTURING

Sto Corp., ISO 9001 and 14001 certifi ed world class manufacturer of cladding and coating systems, offers toll blending services for cement based powders and water based textured or smooth coatings.

Contact: Jerry Haller [email protected]

or 678-429-2572

Experienced Industrial Paint Chemist

Sheboygan Paint Company, Cedartown Georgia, is looking to

add chemists to our team. Candidates must have several years paint formulating experience with

OEM general industrial paint. Apply in con� dence to

General Manager. [email protected]

See page 58 for more POSITIONS AVAILABLE.

[email protected]

To place your classified ad, contact

Andrea KroppPh: (810) 688-4847 Fax: (248) 502-1048

Email: [email protected]

The World’s Largest Corrosion Conference & Expo

OFFICIAL MEDIA PARTNERS

Attendees at CORROSION 2016

Awarded One of TSE’s Fastest 50 Growing Tradeshows

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n LEARN from more than 1,000 hours of technical education from 15 industry & technology tracks

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n ENGAGE in a variety of networking events designed to connect you with your industry peers

n INCREASE your knowledge and gain Professional Development Hours

For more information and to register, visit nace.org/register3


CLASSIFIEDS

ACT Test Panel Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6www.acttestpanels.comANGUS Chemical Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31www.angus.comAlberdingk Boley, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22www.AlberdingkUSA.comArkema Coating Resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59www.arkemacoatingresins.com/Encor662Ashland Specialty Ingredients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-35www.ashland.com/aquaflowBrenntag North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13www.brenntagnorthamerica.comBrookfield Engineering Laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12www.belusa.comConn and Co.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10www.connblade.comCorob. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 49www.corob-usa.comCortec Laboratories Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12www.cortecvci.comDeFelsko Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54www.defelsko.comDymax Oligomers & Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4www.dymax-oc.comElcometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19www.elcometer.comEMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58www.EMImills.comFitz Chem Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11www.fitzchem.comHoover Color Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29www.hoovercolor.comJyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt. Ltd.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3www.jyoticeramic.comKing Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14www.kingindustries.comLangguth America Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Langguth-America.comLonza Microbial Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20www.lonza.comMyers Mixers Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45www.myersmixers.comNACE/Corrosion 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57www.nace.org/register3NETZSCH Premier Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53www.netzsch.com/gdPalmer Holland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60www.palmerholland.com

hoenix Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48www.phoenixcolor.comPLT Health Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58www.PLTHealth.comPowder Technologies Incorporated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15www.powdertechusa.comRADIA/Red Devil Equipment Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 24www.radiaproducts.comSpecialty Polymers Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7www.specpoly.comRoss, Charles and Son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9www.mixers.com/premaxTroy Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24www.troycorp.comTexene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21www.crohmiq.comWacker Chemical Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2www.wacker.comWorlee-Chemie GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37www.worlee.de

www.pcimag.com/advertiserindex

AD INDEX

SUPPLIER SHOWCASES

POSITIONS AVAILABLE

COPAL • DAMAREAST INDIAELEMI • MASTICSANDARAC

PLT Health Solutions is a leading supplier of natural resins (exudates) includingCopal, Damar, Mastic and more. Natural resins have been used for centuries inprinting inks, coated materials and protective purposes. PLT Health Solutionshas more than 50 years experience souring quality natural products globally.For fast delivery resins are stocked locally in our NJ warehouse.

RE

SIN

S

Contact PLT Health Solutions for samples and more information.973.984.0900 x210 • www.PLTHealth.com

PLT Health Solutions RESINS Ad_Layout 1 3/19/14 9:18 AM Page 1

CHEMIST-FORMULATOR – Near MilwaukeeDevelop, evaluate and update formulas for wood and � oor coatings. Stay current with scienti� c & technical advances in the � eld and explore new opportunities in coatings chemistry and processes. Desired Skills & Expertise: • Candidate should be well-versed in formulation for

waterborne technologies for wood coatings and paints• Self-motivated, focused, creative thinker• Hands –on experimentation and problem-solving skills• Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry or related � eld, or 5-years

experience in wood market. See more info at www.pcimag.com/classi� eds

Send resume to: ryan@general� nishes.com

Laboratory Bead Mills for Wet Milling, Fine Grinding and Dispersing.

Applications: Product Research, Quality Control, Technical Service

Realistic dispersion samples from 25 ml’s using minimum amounts of raw materials.

Contact EMImills – for more information and to arrange a test.

Made in America, sold throughout the world

Tel: 847-548-0044 E-mail: [email protected]

888 E. Belvidere Road Grayslake Illinois, USA888 E. Belvidere Road

To place YOUR PCI Classified, contact Andrea Kropp (810)688-4847 • [email protected]

A Better Choice In High Performance, All-Acrylic BindersNew ENCOR® 662 acrylic latex delivers outstanding stain resistance and washability in low VOC interior architectural coatings. Couple that with the application properties you expect in a high performance acrylic system, and you get a significant step up in performance compared to our typical acrylic binders.

ENCOR® 662 acrylic latex is EnVia1 compliant to help make sustainable formulating simpler, and is backed with technical support from Arkema Coating Resins wherever you operate around the world.

Visit www. www.arkemacoatingresins.com/Encor662for more information on new ENCOR® 662 acrylic latex.Arkema Coating Resins is a business unit of Arkema Inc.ENCOR® and ENVIA® are registered trademarks of Arkema Inc.1 Visit www.arkemacoatingresins.com/Envia for program details.

Property DescriptionWashability Improved performance with common kitchen stains. Scrub Resistance 3000 cycles; approximately 5X higher than typical competitive products. Block Resistance Comparable to commercially available competitive offerings.

Typical Performance Properties

New ENCOR® 662 Acrylic Latex

Hearing OpportunityBefore It KnocksBecause we strive to always continue learning, we build meaningful relationships with every customer by seeking the most extensive knowledge and experience. We’re more than a simple online search. Our expertise lies in collaborating with every customer to provide trusted business solutions.

GUS MUNOZSouthwest RegionSales Manager

paint coatings industry

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