pakistan s political history

8/14/2019 Pakistan s Political History

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OptimistsOptimists

Hafiz M. Hammad Nomani Umaz Hussnain

M. Iqbal Imran Javid

Taufeeq Khalid Anjum Ali

M. Haroon Shakeel


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Optimists


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istory at a Glanistory at a Glan


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1947

Quaid-e-AzamMuhammad Ali

Jinnah

15 AugGovernorGeneral

LiaquatAli Khan15 Aug

Prime Minister

1948

KhawajaNazimuddin

14 SepGovernorGeneral

KhawajaNazimuddin

17 OctPrime Minister

1951

GhulamMuhammad

17 OctGovernorGeneral

1953

Muhammad AliBogra

17 AprPrime Minister

1955

Iskander AliMirza

06 OctGovernorGeneral

>>

ChaudharyMuhhammad Ali

12 AugPrime Minister


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1956

Iskander AliMirza

23 MarPresident

Husain ShaheedSuharwardy

SepPrime Minister

1957

Ibrahim IsmailChundigar

17 OctPrime Minister

Malik FeerozKhan

16 DecPrime Minister

07Oct

1st Ma

rsha

lLaw

Mar

23

1st

Consti

tution

Muhammad AyubKhan

27 Oct

Chief MarshalLaw

,ar 23 19622nd Constitution1958 1965

PresidentialElection02 Jan

1969

06Sep-

Indo

Pak

War

Mar

25

2nd

Marsha

lLaw

Agha MuhammadYahya khan

25 MarPresident

>>


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1st General

ElectionOct

14Aug

3rd

Consti

tution

1970 1971 1973 1977 1985

Separation Of East

Pakistan16 Dec

Nurul Ammin07 Dec

Prime Minister

Zulfiqar AliBhutto20 Dec

Civil chiefMarshal

Administrator

Zulfiqar AliBhutto

14 AugPrime Minister

Fazal ElahiChaudhry

14 AugPresident

3rd

Marsha

lLaw

2nd General

Election07 Mar

PNA

MuhammadZia-ul-Haq

16 Sep

Chief MarshalLaw

3rd General

Election25 Feb

Muhammad khanJunejo

23 MarPrime Minister

Nove

mber

8th

Amendm

ent

>>


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1988 1990 1993 1997 1998

>>

4th GeneralElection

Nov

Benazir Bhutto

02 DecPrime Minister

Ghulam IshaqKhan

17 AugPresident

5th General

Election24 Oct

IJI

Nawaz Sharif05 Nov

Prime Minister

6th General

Election06 Oct

Benazir Bhutto19 Oct

Prime Minister

Farooq Ahmadkhan Leghari

02 Dec

President

7th General

Election03 Feb

Nawaz Sharif

05 NovPrime Minister

Apri

l

13th

Amendm

ent

Muhammad RafiqTarar

01 JanPresident


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1999 2001 2002 2004 2008

Pervez Musharaf12 Oct

Chief Executive

12Oct

4th

Marsha

lLaw

Pervez Musharaf20 Jun

President

Mir ZafarullahKhan Jamali

23 NovPrime Minister

8th General

Election20 Oct

Chuadhry ShujatHussain

26 JunePrime Minister

Shukat Aziz28 Aug

Prime Minister

9th General

Election18 Feb

Yousuf Raza

Gillani25 MarPrime Minister

Asif Ali Zardari06 SepPresident

,ov3007PCO


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Constitutiononstitutions


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q ,Under Section 8 of the Indian Independence Act,1947 it became the working constitution of

.Pakistan

q The first Constituent Assembly was formed under, .the Independence Act 1947

q Purpose to frame a Constitution for the.country

Government of India Act, 1Government of India Act, 1


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qThe Constituent Assembly passed the resolutionon 12 March 1949.

q Resolution was moved by Liaquat Ali Khan.q "Magna Carta" of Pakistan's constitutional history.q Features:

Sovereignty belongs to Allah. State shall exercise powers through the chosen

representatives.

The principles of democracy, freedom, equality,tolerance and social justice, as enunciated byIslam, shall be fully observed.

Muslims to order their lives in accordance withthe teachings of Islam.

Adequate provision shall be made for theminorities.

Pakistan shall be a federation.

bjectivebjectiveResolutionesolution


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qAdopted on 29 February 1956.qEnforced on 23 March 1956.qContained 234 Articles divided into thirteen

parts and six schedules.qConstituent Assembly became the Interim

National Assembly

qGovernor General Iskander Mirza was sworn

in as the first President of Pakistan.

he Constitution ofhe Constitution of1956956


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q FeaturesThe Objectives Resolution, the preamble of the

Constitution.

Country was declared an Islamic Republic ofPakistan.

President must be Muslim of at least 40 years of age.

The Constitution vested the executive authority ofthe President in the Federation.

The Constitution of 1956 provided unicameral

legislature. National Assembly was to consist of 300 members.

The principle of parity was introduced.

Minimum age of 21 was allowed to vote in theelections.

Urdu and Bengali, State languages and English,Official lan ua e for first 25 ears



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qShahabuddin Commission, 17 February 1960.

qPromulgated by President Ayyub on 1stMarch, 1962.

qCame into effect on 8th June, 1962.

qContained 250 articles divided into 12 partsand three schedules.



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q Features Pakistan was renamed as 'Republic of Pakistan'.The President was to be a Muslim not less than

35 years of age and could not held more thantwo consecutive terms.

The National Assembly was to consist of 156members, later increased to 218 membersafter 8th amendment.

The system of indirect presidential elections waspresented.

President owned the Right of Veto.The President had the power to dissolve the

National Assembly.The Advisory Council of Islamic Ideology was

introduced.

q Martial Law was enforced in the country and the



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q 'Constitutional Accord 17 October 1972.

qThe National Assembly approved theconstitution on April 10th, 1973.

qCame into effect on 14th August 1973.

qContained 280 articles divided into 12 partsand 7 schedules.

he Constitution of 1973he Constitution of 1973

he Existing Constitutionhe Existing Constitution


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q FeaturesThe Constitution named Pakistan as the IslamicRepublic of Pakistan.

Islam as the religion of the country.The President was to be a Muslim at least 45

years of age.The head of the Government, will be the PrimeMinister.

The 1973 Constitution set up a bicamerallegislature.

Establishment of a National Finance Commission(NFC)The Senate was to consist of 63 members. National Assembly consisted of 200 seats.

q General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, imposed MartialLaw on ul 5th 1977.



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Amendmentsmendments


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Amendmentsmendmentsq First Amendment

Came into effect on May 4, 1974. Amended Article 1.

Redefined the boundaries of Pakistan and removed references toEast Pakistan.

q Second Amendment

Came into effect on September 7,1974.

Amended Article 260.

Declared the status of Qadianis and Ahmadis as minority.

q Third Amendment

Came into effect on February 18, 1975.

Amended Article 10.

Allowed the government to detain a person without trial for

three months.

q Fourth Amendment

Came into effect on November 25, 1975.

Amended Article 106 and 51.

Decreed additional seats for minorities.

Deprived courts of the power to grant bail to any person


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q Fifth Amendment Came into effect on September 15, 1976.

Amended Article 192.

Separate High Courts for the Provinces of Sindh andBaluchistan.

q Sixth Amendment Came into effect on January 4, 1977.

Amended Article 179 and 195.

Chief Justice of Supreme Court will be retired at the age of 65and a High Court at 62.

q Seventh Amendment Came into effect on May 16, 1977.

Amended Article 96.

It enables the Prime Minister to obtain a vote of confidence ofthe people of Pakistan by requesting the President ofPakistan to hold a national referendum

q Eighth Amendment Came into effect on November 11, 1985.

Amended Article 58.

Provisions regarding dissolution of the Assembly by the

AmendmentsAmendments


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.mendments.mendmentsq Thirteenth Amendment

Came into effect April 3, 1997.

Amended Article 58.

Withdrawal of discretionary powers of the President and of theGovernor with regards to dissolution of the Assembly and of thePresident with regards to appointment of the Heads of the ArmedForces.

q Fourteenth Amendment

Came into effect on July 3, 1997.

Amended Article 63.

Regarding the disqualification of a Member of Parliamentary partyon the ground of defection.

q Fifteenth Amendment Passed by National Assembly on October 9, 1998.

Stalled in senate.

Also called Shariah bill.


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q Sixteenth Amendment Came into effect on July 27, 1999.

Amended Article 27.

Restore the regional quota system in services.

q Seventeenth Amendment

Came into effect on December 30, 2003. Amended Article 58.

The President regains the authority to dissolve the NationalAssembly.

Amendments.Amendments.


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lectionlectionProcessrocess


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qThe Election Commission is an independent andautonomous constitutional body.

q Established on 23rd March 1956 under the article137 of the constitution 1956.

q

Members Chief Election Commissioner( appointed by Presidentfor 3 years).

Four Judges of high courts .

q Responsibility

Conduction of an independent, free, fair andimpartial elections of

National Assembly

Senate

President

Local Governments

le ctio n C o m m issio n o fle ctio n C o m m issio n o fP a k ista na k ista n


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A T IO N A LA T IO N A LA S S E M B LYS S E M B LYq NA is the lower house of Parliament.q NA consists of successful candidates in General

Election and 70 reserved seats(Women & Non-Muslims).

q Members are elected for five years.q Purpose

Discuss and make legislations. To pass an amendment in constitution 2/3rd majority

is required.

Elects Prime Minister.q Eligibility

25 year of age Good Character Not involved in any crime.


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q 342 Seats General

Seats:272

Women: 60

Non-Muslims:10

FATA12Seats

NWFP35 General Seats08Seats for

Women

BALOCHISTAN14 General Seats03 Seats for

Women

SINDH61 General Seats14 Seats for

Women -10 for Non

PUNJAB148 General Seats35 Seats for

Women

ATIONAL ASSEMBLYATIONAL ASSEMBLYFEDERAL02Seats


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qSenate .is the upper house of Parliamentq Senate was established in 1973 under the article 50 of.the constitution of 1973

q .Members are elected for six yearsq First group of senators are retired after 3 years by

.draw

qPurpose .To give the equal representation of provinces To promote national cohesion and harmony .To alleviate fears of the smaller provinces Casts its vote in legislation and selection of President

qEligibility30year of age Good Character .Not involved in any crime

SENATEENATE


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ENATEENATE

NWFP14 General Seats04 Seats for Women04 Technocrats and

Ulema

FATA08Seats

100 Seats General Seats: 66

Women: 17

Technocrats andUlema : 17

BALOCHISTAN14 General Seats04 Seats for Women04 Technocrats andUlema SINDH

14 General Seats04 Seats for Women

04 Technocrats and

Ulema

PUNJAB14 General Seats04 Seats for Women

04 Technocrats andUlema

FEDERAL02 General

01 for Women01 Other


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Party Seats

( )Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians PPPP 27

Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Quaid) 21Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) 10

Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Nawaz) 07

( )Muttahida Qaumi Movement MQM 06

Awami National Party (ANP) 06

Other 23

omposition of Senateomposition of Senate


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SINDH130 General Seats29 Seats for

Women -09 for Non

NWFP99 General Seats22 Seats for

Women -03 for NonMuslims

BALOCHISTAN51 General Seats11 Seats for

Women -03 for NonMuslims

PUNJAB297 General Seats66 Seats for

Women

-08 for NonMuslims

728 Seats General Seats:

577

Women: 128

Non-Muslim : 23

ROVISIONAL ASSEMBLYROVISIONAL ASSEMBLY


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ConstituenciConstituenci


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qNo. of seats per district.qOn the basis of population censes

1998.

qShare of seats of a district isdetermined by dividing thepopulation of that district with the

quota per seat of aProvince/Area/Agency in theNational Assembly.

No. of Seats=

Q u ota p e r se a t o fPro vin ce

Po p u la tio n o f D istrict

Constituenciesonstituencies


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q uota Per:eatPunjab

q .o Of seats perdistrict

Population :: , ,73 621 290 ::Seats in NA 148 Quota per seat in NA ::

= ,496 441

Quota per seat in A ::= ,247 883

, ,73 621 290148

, ,73 621 290297

Population :: , ,3 363 911

Seat in NA ::= . *6 76

Seat in A ::= . *13 57

, ,3 363 911

,496 441

, ,3 363 911,247 883

= 7seats

= 14seats

onstituenciesonstituencies

* .Fraction of 0 5 or above has generally is taken as 1 seat and a

. .fraction below 0 5 is ignored

Rawalpindi


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Inter-District Constituency when

D.I. Khan + Bannu + Kohat + Peshawar +Lakki+ Tank (0.038 + 0.019 + 0.088 +0.053 + 0.006 +0.027)

0.88=1seat

onstituenciesonstituencies

Quota per seat ofProvince

Population ofDistrict


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Districts Province NA PA

Karachi City Sindh 20 42

Lahore Punjab 13 25

Faisalabad Punjab 11 22

Gujranwala Punjab 07 14

Rawalpindi Punjab 07 14

Hyderabad Sindh 06 12

hest Number of Constituenchest Number of Constituenc


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neral Electionneral Election


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Party Seats %

Awami League 160 53

Pakistan PeoplesParty

81 27PML (Quyuum) 9 3

Other 50 17

:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,Oct 1970

:otal Seats ( ,300 138 in West Pakistan 162 in)East Pakistan

:urnout %63:rime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto

:uration -14 Aug 1973 5 Jul 1977

1stt eneral Electioneneral Election


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Party Seats %

Pakistan Peoples

Party

155 78

Pakistan NationalAlliance

36 18Others 09 4

:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,7 Mar 1977

:otal Seats 200:urnout %63

:rime Minister ( )Marshal Law:uration /N A

2ndd eneral Electioneneral Election


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:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,25 Feb 1985


:rime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo:uration -23 Mar 1985 29 May 1988

3rdd eneral Electioneneral Election

-on PartyBased


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Party Seats %

Pakistan Peoples Party 92 39Islam-e-Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI)

55 23Muhajar Quami Mahaz(MQM)

13 5

Other* 77 33

:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,16 Nov 1988

:otal Seats 237:urnout . %43 1

:rime Minister Benazir Bhutto:uration -2 Dec 1988 6 Aug 1990

4thh eneral Electioneneral Election

*20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities


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Party Seats %Islam-e-Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) 105 44

Peoples Democratic Alliance(PDA) 45 19Muhajar Quami Mahaz(MQM)

15 6

Other* 72 31

:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,24 Oct 1990


:rime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif:uration -6 Nov 1990 18 Apr 1993




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Party Seats %Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) 86 44

Pakistan Muslim League(PML-N) 73 19-Pakistan Muslim League Junejo( - )PML J

06 06

Other* 72 31



:rime Minister Benazir Bhutto:uration -19 Oct 1993 5 Nov 1996




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Party Seats %

Pakistan Muslim League

(PML-N)

137 58

Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) 18 07( )Muttahida Qaumi Movement MQM 12 05

Other* 70 30



:rime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif:uration -17 Feb 1997 12 Oct 1999




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Party Seats* %

Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Quaid)

118 35Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians

( )PPPP63 19

- -Muttahida Majlis e Amal ( )MMA 59 17Pakistan Muslim League (PML-

Nawaz)18 05

( )Muttahida Qaumi Movement MQM 17 04

Other 67 20



:rime Minister Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali:uration 23 Nov 2002 26 June 2004


*Including 60 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities


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Party Seats* %Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians

( )PPPP126 37

Pakistan Muslim League (PML-

Nawaz)

90 26

Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Qauid)

53 15( )Muttahida Qaumi Movement MQM 25 07

Awami National Party (ANP) 13 04

Other 35 11



:rime Minister Syed Yousuf Raza Gillani:uration 25 Mar Nov 2008 till today

9thh eneral Election eneral Election

*Including 60 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities


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ajor Partiesajor Parties


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qLargest political party of Pakistan.qFounded on November 30, 1967 by Z.A

Bhutto

qChairperson: Asif Ali Zardari Bilawal Bhutto

qContest elections on the slogans of "ROTI,

KAPRA AUR MAKANqBasic principles of PPP: Islam is our Faith Democracy is our politics Socialism is our Economy All Power to the People

kistan Peoples Partykistan Peoples Party.

Z A Bhutto


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qFamous .political party of Pakistanq Founded on 1993 by Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharifq :Chairperson

Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif

q :ManifestoRevival of Genuine DemocracyIndependent Judiciary and the Rule of LawTolerant and Pluralistic SocietyEducationHealth

q Won election in 1997

-akistan Muslim League N-kistan Muslim League N


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qFamous .political party of Pakistanq Founded on 2002 by Mian Azharq :Chairperson

ChudharyShujat Husain

q :Manifesto .Live and let live , .Decency tolerance and harmony .Ensuring justice and freedom of expression

.Dignity of the common citizen

Protection and promotion of the rights of the.female

.Protection of the rights of minoritiesq Won election in 2002

-akistan Muslim League Q-akistan Muslim League Q


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uthidda Qaumi Movementuthidda Qaumi Movementq Founded in 1984 by muhajir student leader

Altaf Hussain after leading the all Pakistan.muhajir student movement in 1978

q ,In 1997 MQM became Mutahidda Qaumi Movement

.instead of Muhajir Qaumi Movementq :ChairpersonAltaf Husain

q :ManifestoProvincial Autonomy .EducationHealth .Agrarian ReformsPoverty Alleviation And Unemployment


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q Founded in 1986 by Abdul Wali Khan as.continuation of National Awami Party

q :Chairperson AsfandYar Wali Khan

q :ManifestoDemocracy .Guarantees for protection of rights .Freedom from external domination

.Freedom from sectarianismSocial justice

wami National Partywami National Party


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qOldest party operating in PakistanqFounded by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi on 26

August 1941.

qThe party is termed most democratic forholding elections of party's president everyfive years.

qChairperson: Monawar Hasan

qManifesto: DJI envisions "iqamat-e-deen", establishment of

an Islamic administration governing byIslamic law.

qRuled one of four provinces NWFP as a

- -amat e-amat eIslamislami


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blems of Pakistalems of PakistaPoliticsolitics


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Personality vs Issues :personality wins!!!

ssue Basedssue BasedPoliticsoliticsq

qCore issues are always neglectedq

q -Non existence of proactive policies to.solve the basic problems

qLack of responsibility shown by the

political partiesqq

qq


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Garbage In: Garbage

Out

Feudalismeudalismq Majority of the politicians belong to this

category

qq Lack of interaction with the common manqq Leads to lack of development in rural

areas


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An Ever Itching

Palmq

ilitaryilitaryCoupsoupsqA major factor of political destabilization

qq Always leaves an uneven ground for the

politiciansqq Always leavea level of uncertainty among

politicians

q


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Selective orwholistic???

Accountabilityccountabilityq Has always been biased throughout the

history

q

q .Independent NAB non existentqq Recent SC decision is a new glimmer of

!!!hope


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Thank You

pakistan s political history

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