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São Paulo - SP 07/04/2009 Carlos Antônio de Carvalho Fernandes Med. Vet. PhD. [email protected]

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São Paulo - SP07/04/2009

Carlos Antônio de Carvalho Fernandes

Med. Vet. PhD.

[email protected]

Uterine Involution in cattle

???

Reduction by 95% of the weight (approx. 8-9kg) in 20-25 days

How does it happen?

1. Through lochia (20%)Shedding of caruncles

2 – Absorption (80%)Similar to inflammatory process

Retrospective

Retrospective view on the use of prostaglandins in post partum

Started with the treatment of calving problems (since 1978)

Later verified with the information that the treated animals apart from showing clinical improvement also returned earlier to reproductive activity (1987)

* Significativo pelo teste de ‘t’ a 5% de probabilidade

Efficacy of the treatment of placental retention with oxytetracycline HCl with or without simultaneous administration of cloprostenol (Fernandes, 1999)

Variable Oxytetracycline HCl

Oxyt+ Cloprostenol

Number of animals 90 90Infection at 30d post partum (%) 44,4 42,2Degree of uterine involution* (%) 1,92 2,43Interval calving-to-conception (d)* 78,4 54,1Breeding period (d)* 131,3 111,7Services/conception 2,41 2,03

Retrospectiva da utilização de prostaglandinas no pós-parto

Started with the treatment of calving problems (since 1978)

Later verified with the information that the treated animals apart from showing clinical improvement also returned earlier to reproductive activity (1987)

Relationship between uterine involution and resumption of ovarian activity (1993)

Use in animals without calving problems (2002)

Effects of Ciosin® administered during post partum in various scientific studies in comparison to a control group

Author Number of females

Reduction in post calving interval (d)

Breed

Fernandes, 2002 217 32,0 Holandês

Zanchet,2004

159 38,7Holandês

Zanchet,2004

227 32,5Jersey

Fernandes,2004

190 17,3Nelore (primíparas)

Fernandes,2004

295 12,2Nelore (multíparas)

Fernandes,2006 320 14,7

Vacas mestiças

Silveira 2008 78 12,3 Bufalos

Uterine involution The process of absorption relies

on a mechanism similar to inflammation

Chemical mediators involved are also similar

Derivatives of arachidonic acid, principally prostaglandins are among the most important

Take care when using anti-inflammatory drugs

Uterine size and involution speed according to the number of days post partum

More than 50% of the involution takes place within the 1st week Higher production of PGF and

related substances Increase in the number of

receptors for PGF and analogues

1 5 10 15 20 25 30

Uterine Size

Dayss Post partum

Group Treatment scheme

ControlAdministration of one dose of 2ml physiological solution, intramuscularly, at 2 days post partum

Group 2Administration of 0.530mg cloprostenol (Ciosin®) in a single dose, intramuscularly, at 2 days post partum

Group 3Administration of 0.530mg cloprostenol (Ciosin®), intramuscularly, at 2 days post partum. Second dose administered at 3-5 days post the 1st dose

Effect of cloprostenol sodium administered post partum in dairy cows and resumption of reproductive activity (Fernandes et al., 2002ab)

Treatment scheme in post partum animals

Degree of uterine involution, assessed through rectal palpation at 30d post partum in different treatment groups (Fernandes et al.

2002)

Degree of Involution 1 – Palpation possible

only of the tips of uterine horns

2. Palpation of more than half of the uterine body possible within the abdominal cavity

3. More than half of the uterus located in the pelvic cavity

P<0,05 Between Control and Ciosin 2x

Average incidence of puerperal uterine infections in dairy cows treated with cloprostenol sodium in post partum period (Fernandes et al. 2002)

Effect of PGF1. Mechanical – reduction of uterine volume and expulsion of the lochiae2. Direct effect of PGF on the activity of cells forming the uterine immune defense

P<0,05 Between Control and Ciosin 2x

Number of services per conception in cows treated with cloprostenol sodium post partum (Fernandes et al. 2002)

P>0,05

Reproductive performance of cows treated with cloprostenol sodium post partum (Fernandes et al. 2002)

P<0,05 Between Goups 1 and 3

New results

Defining the most opportune treatment time

Dose and frequency of administration

Camargos e Fernandes (2009). data not published

Treatment scheme in post partum animals

Group NoGroup

descriptionTreatment scheme

Control 120 Control2ml of physiological saline intramuscularly, two doses

Group 2 120Cloprostenol – 1st week

Two doses of 0.530mg cloprostenol, intramuscularly, during the first week pp, with interval of 2-3 days

Group 3 120Cloprostenol – 3rd week

Two doses of 0.530mg cloprostenol, intramuscularly, during the third week pp, with interval of 2-3 days

Esquema de tratamento dos animais após o parto

GRUPO N Descrição

Controle 120 Sem tratamento

Clorp 2x – 1ª Sem 120

Duas doses de 0,530mg de Cloprostenol via intramuscular, na

1ª semana pós-parto, com 2 a 3 dias de intervalo

Clorp 2x – 3ª Sem 120

Duas doses de 0,530mg de Cloprostenol via intramuscular, na

3ª semana pós-parto, com 2 a 3 dias de intervalo

Efeitos do cloprostenol em diferentes períodos no pós-parto de vacas leiteiras (Camargos e Fernandes,

2009)

Effects of cloprostenol administered at different times during post partum period in dairy cows (Camargos e

Fernandes, 2009)

P<0,05 Between Control and 1st Week

Fernandes et. al. - A Hora Veterinária. , v.156, p.09 - 13, 2007.

Treatment scheme in post partum animals

Effect of different cloprostenol (Ciosin®) doses administered in post partum in beef cows (Fernandes et

al, 2007)

Treatment groupNumber of

animalsTreatment description

Control 130 No treatment

Clopr 2ml 132A single dose of 0.530mg cloprostenol (Ciosin®), intramuscularly, within the

first 2 days post calving

Clopr 4ml 136

A single dose of 1.060mg cloprostenol (Ciosin®), intramuscularly, within the

first 2 days post calving

Average interval calving-to-1st AI, cumulative and in different production sites and treatment groups

(Fernandes et al., 2007) (Fernandes et al., 2007)

P<0,05 Between Control and 2ml or 4mlNo Difference betweem 2ml and 4ml

Average breeding period, cumulative and in different production sites and treatment groups (Fernandes et al.,

2007)

P<0,05 Between Control and 2ml or 4mlNo Difference betweem 2ml and 4ml

Pilot study – 20 animals(Fernandes et al., 2009, data not published)

Treatment scheme in post partum animals

Treatment group

Number of animals

Treatment description

Control 5 No treatment

Clopr1x 5 0.530mg cloprostenol as a single dose

Clopr2x 50.530mg cloprostenol divided in two doses with

a 24h interval

Clopr4x 50.530mg cloprostenol divided into 4 doses with

12h interval

Average interval calving-to-1st AI in different production sites and treatment groups (Fernandes et al.,

2007)

Conclusões

Dosage and number of administrations

Doubling of the dose does not always result in an improvement of results Saturation of existing PGF receptors Rapid metabolism (half life of 90min) Dividing of the dose into a higher number of

administrations Obtain better results with the same total dose

“O sucesso nasce do querer. Sempre que o homem aplicar a determinação e a persistência para um objetivo, ele vencerá os obstáculos, e, se não atingir o alvo, pelo menos fará coisas admiráveis”.

J os é de Al e nc ar

Carlos Antônio de Carvalho Fernandes

Med. Vet. D.Sc.

[email protected]