palio and archaic indians power point
TRANSCRIPT
The First People of North America
Unit 2
SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American
cultures in Georgia.a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland and Mississippian) prior
to European contact.
EQ: What do we know about
ancient Americans?
EQ: How did we find out about
them?
EQ: How did the ancient Americans
survive?
EQ: What happened to the
ancient Americans?
EQ: How did the environment impact the
development of each prehistoric Native American culture?
EQ: How did the various improvements of inventions assist the advancement of early
Native Americans?
Where did they come from?
• The first theory is that they came from Asia during the last ice age. (12,000 years ago)
• During the last ice age the ocean levels dropped and created a land bridge between Asia and America.
• This land bridge is known as BERINGIA.
Earth Now – Earth Then
Beringia Land BridgeASIA North America
Humans migrated acrossa land bridge known asBeringia, now The Bering Strait, following prey.
Prehistoric man reachedthe Southeast about12,000 years ago
Where did they come from?
• Some scientists also believe that early man might have come to America much earlier and by other routes, including by boat.
Possible Routes to the New World
How do we learn about them?
• Scientists called ARCHAEOLOGISTS study the first people of America.
• They study them through ARTIFACTS.
How do we learn about the Native Americans?
• Artifacts - objects that are left by prehistoric cultures that help archaeologists understand them.
• Prehistoric - is the time before written history.
• Culture - a way of life shared by people with similar arts, beliefs, and customs.
The Paleo-Indians
• This is the earliest inhabitants of North America.
• They are thought to have come to America across Beringia.
• This period began as the glaciers from the last ice age started to melt.
The Paleo Indians
• The Paleo Indians were nomadic.Nomadic - moving from place to place
following the animal herds. 1. They used spears to hunt the animals.2. The animals that they hunted were
wooly mammoths, large bison (buffalos), and elk.
3. They used the animals they killed for food, clothing, and tools. (their form of Wal-Mart)
Clovis PointFirst known type of spear point
found in North America
Paleo Indians
• The group is rarest of the prehistoric Native Americans
(very hard to find artifacts from this group)– They traveled in very small groups.– They were nomadic.– There are very few sites that archeologists can
use to learn about their everyday lives.
ATLATL
Tools that the Paleo Indians Used
Animals of the Paleo-Indian Period.
Columbian Mammoth
Animals of the Paleo-Indian Period.
Wooly Mammoth
Animals of the Paleo-Indian Period.
Mastodon
Animals of the Paleo-Indian Period.
Saber Tooth Tiger
The Paleo Indians
• As the ice age ended, the herds began to shrink.
• The extinction of the large animals changed the lives of the Paleo Indians. (Hard to find food)
• There have been no settlements from the Paleo-Indian period found in Georgia, but there have been a few artifacts found in GA.
Archaic Period
8000 BC – 1000 BC
The Archaic Period
• As the ice age ended forests began to replace the open plains from the ice ages.
• During this time the Paleo-Indians were slowly replaced by the Archaic Indians.
• This new time period lasted from 8000B.C.E to around 1000B.C.E
The Archaic Indians
• During this period the early humans began to settle into small groups of people.
• They lived in rock shelters and pit houses.
• They also started hunting small animals and the beginning stages of agriculture can be seen through gathering fruits, and berries.
The Archaic Indians
• They adapted to their changing environment by improving techniques in fishing, hunting, and gathering.
• They started making tools and bowls from stone.
• They also began trading with other groups in other regions.
• Started hunting smaller game, such as deer, turkey, rabbit, and even skunk, fox, and wildcat.
Are the Archaic Indian nomadic?
• YES!!!
• Archaic Indians made seasonal moves because different food sources were available at different places and in different times of the year.
• During the fall and winter, they camped in the forested hills. Here the hunting was better and they could also gather nuts.
• In the summer and spring, they returned to the lower lying river valleys to take advantage of fishing and collecting shellfish, such as mussels.
Types of Shellfish that the Archaic Indians would have eaten.
Archaic Inventions/Innovations
Stone Bowl
Grooved Axe
Nutting Stone
How do you make a stone bowl?
Step 1: In order to make a steatite vessel, mushroom-shaped blanks were carved from boulders of steatite.
Step 2: These blanks were then carved using a wooden mallet and a chisel made from a deer antler.
Finished: When the bowls were completed they could not only be used for storage, but they could also be used in cooking by being placed directly over a fire.
Day – to Day Activities
Shell Middens
Some of the most informative areas of the Archaic period are shell middens. These are garbage piles of mussel shells. As people disposed of the shells year after year as they stayed at the same campsite, these piles grew and preserved well over time. Archaeologists find more than just shells in the middens. Archaeologists also find other artifacts that provide clues to what life was like and what activities were taking place there, including hide preparation, woodworking, tool making, and house building.