palm oil mill bio refiner

8/6/2019 Palm Oil Mill Bio Refiner

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Retrofit of Palm Oil Complexes

as an Integrated Biorefinery

H84DEV PROJECT

JEREMIAH F. OGUGO

YOUSRA BAGHDADI


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Presentation outline

Introduction

Objectives

Palm Oil Mill Process Description

Methodology

A Case Study of Palm Oil Mill

Superstructure Approach

Mathematical Optimization

Result and Analysis

Conclusion

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Introduction

Palm fruit is also known as Elaeis Guineensis.

Originated in the tropical rain forest region of west Africa.

Oil Palm fruit processing has been practiced in Africa for ages on small-scale for edible oil.

Malaysia is currently the world second largest producer and exporter of palmoil.

At the palm oil mill, 1 ton of FFB contains about 20% palm oil, 67% palmkernel, 11-12% fiber, 67% shell, 60% POME and 23% EFB.

The biomass generated can be used as source of fuel to generate steam andelectricity to fulfill the plant energy requirements.

Generation of palm oil mill waste could be valuable by using it in biorefineryto produce Biodiesel, Methanol and other valued products.

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Objectives

Retrofit of palm oil mill complexes as an integrated biorefinery.

Development of mathematical optimization model to retrofit

palm oil mill as an integrated biorefinery.

Mathematical analysis was applied as to ascertain the

technologies that give high yield by optimization

Selected Pathways by the model that give optimal solution and

products for maximum profit would be involved for an

integrated biorefinery

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Palm Oil Process Description Diagram

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Methodology

Case Study of Palm Oil Mill

A case study of 30 tonnes/h of FFB was considered to obtain the different amount ofproducts and biomass generated from each of the processes involved.

The Material Balances of a Case Study Palm Oil MillEFFLUENT =34147 kg/h

STERILIZATION

DIGESTER

THRESHING

CLARIFICATION

PULP PRESSING

FFB

H2O=24 kg/h

Steam = 7500 kg/h

FFB= 30000 kg/h

WW= 3377 kg/h

EFB = 7171 kg/h

FIBER =14.3%

CPO=11.3%SHELL = 13%

POME = 61.45%

26976 Kg/h

Steam = 3900 kg/h

FIBER =13.6%

CPO=14.37%

SHELL = 13%

POME = 59.03%

30876 kg

LIQUID OUTLET

19071 kg

Steam = 3300 kg/

h

CPO =15.56%

POME = 84.44%

SOLID OUTLET

15105 kg

FIBER =26.4%

SHELL = 15%

POME = 58.6%

NUT CRACKER

FIBER CYCLONE

POME

12771 kg/h

CPO

6300 kg/h

FIBER = 3600 kg/h

11505 kg/h

SHELL = 23%

POME = 77%

POME

7577 kg/h

SHELL

2121kg/h

KERNEL

1609 kg/h

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Methodology

Case Study of Palm Oil Mill

EFB

PPF

PK

S

KERNEL

CPO

POME

WW

FFB = 4.762/CPO

KERNEL=0.287/CPO

CPO= 1

PKS= 0.337/CPO

POME=3.229/CPO

EFB=1.138/CPO

WW=0.536/CPO

PPF= 0.571/CPOPower = 0.004

KWh/Kg CPO

Steam = 2.333/CPO

Water= 0.004/CPO

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Mathematical Optimization

The optimization models consist of objective functions are

formed from the source-sink material balance, unit operation

material balance, technical specification and process

modeling.

A software-LINGO was used to solve the model to

maximum profit from the integrated biorefinery. Information from the literature about conversions ,

operating conditions, and prices of the products were used.

The built model was allow to select reasonable and

productive pathway for the whole process and otherindividual product.

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Electricity

P1

Syngas

K3

SHELLF1

FIBER

F2

EFB

F3

F12

F22

F32

Gasification

J2 J23

Catalytic

Conversion

L3L35

Ethanol

M5

M52

Engine

N2

N21

Maximize the Electricity

Global optimal solution found.Objective value: 9812.754

Total solver iterations: 19

Variable Value Reduced Cost

P1 9812.754 0.000000

MP 499.1653 0.000000

Results and Analysis

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HeatP2

PyrolysisJ3

FermentationJ6

SteamM1

BoilerL1

SteamTurbine

N1K1

Bio-OilK5

TransesterificationL7

POMEF4

F11

F13

DirectCombustion

J1

K8

J11

J35

L8

K11

K57

BiodieselM6

L11

L76

K88

M11N12

N22SHELL

F1

FIBERF2

EthanolM5

Engine

N2

M52

F21

F31

EFBF3

BiodieselP7N7

M67N77

Maximize the Heat

Global optimal solution found.

Objective value: 13297.11Total solver iterations: 21


P2 13297.11 0.000000

F1 3597.300 0.000000

F11 3597.221 0.000000

P7 0.3875170E-02 0.000000

MP 0.000000 0.7461148E-02


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Methane

K4

Methanol

P3

Methanol

M2

J44

Methanol

SynthesisL2

K32

22

N3

M23

N33

K42

POMEF4

F44

Anaerobic

Digestion

J4

Gasification

J2

SHELL

F1

FIBER

F2

EFB

F3

F12

F32

F22

Syngas

K3

J23

Maximize the Methanol




P3 2649.284 0.000000

MP 944467.1 0.000000


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POME

F4

Gasification

J2

SHELL

F1

FIBER

F2

EFB

F3

F12

F32

J23

F22

Syngas

K3

Ethanol

P6

K33

N6

M56

N66

Catalytic

Conversion

L3

Ethanol

M5

Fermentation

J6

K8

L8

K88

L85F46

Maximize the EthanolGlobal optimal solution found.

Objective value: 6132.971



P6 6132.971 0.000000

MP 307872.6 0.000000


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CO2

K6

POME

F4

F44

Anaerobic

Digestion

J4 J46

SHELL

F1

FIBERF2

EFB

F3

Pyrolysis

J3

Biodiesel

P7

Bio-Oil

K5

Transesterification

L7

F13

F23

F33

J35

K57

Biodiesel

M6L76

N7M67

N77


Maximize the Biodiesel




P7 631.6002 0.000000

K6 7526.799 0.000000

MP 418937.8 0.000000

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SHELL

F1

FIBERF2 Pyrolysis

J3

F13

F23

HeatP2

SteamM1

Bio-charK2

BoilerL1

SteamTurbine

N1

M7

AcidP8

K9

J32

J69L9

K21

11

L97K99

N8

M78

N12

N88

POMEF4

FermentationJ6

F46

J5 BriquetteK7J57

EFBF3

Result and Analysis

Maximize the Acid

Global optimal solution found.Objective value: 10171.35



P8 10171.35 0.000000

K7 7169.400 0.000000P2 138.7197 0.000000 17H84DEV PROJECT


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Results and AnalysisMaximize Product Product yield(kg) Maximum Profit ($)

All end products Methanol=1601.988Biodiesel=631.6

990046.4

Electricity Electricity=9812.75 449.17

Heat Heat=13297 0.0000

Methanol Methanol=2649.28 944467

Hydrogen CO2=7526.8Hydrogen=2304.05

8038.5790.32

Biofuel CO2=7526.8Biofuel=921.62

90.3265616.82

Ethanol Ethanol=6132.97 307872.6

Biodiesel CO2=7526.8Biodiesel=631.6

90.32418937.8

Acetic Acid Briquette=716904Acetic acid=10171.35

Heat=138.72

103951.084371.1

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Conclusions

To integrate a biorefinery to a palm oil mill of thiscapacity, pathways of all the products is favored.

Methanol and Biodiesel pathways of the model were

quite promising and should be considered.

Product Price is a major decision factor on thepathway of the model to integrate in to the biorefinery.

For maximum production of methanol and biodiesel,

gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion are the

favourable biomass conversion technologies.

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Thank You

palm oil mill bio refiner

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