palm oil residue waste potential and waste utilization … oil residue waste potential and waste...
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Palm oil residue waste potential and waste utilization in Thailand
Mr.Krisada Chavananand
Chairman of Palm Oil Industry Club, Federation of Thai Industry (FTI) &
President, Thai Palm Oil Crushing Mill Association, Thailand
Clean Power Asia Conference & Expo 2013
29-30 April 2013
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Contents
Background and General situation of Palm oil Industry
New challenging potential: Biomass to liquid?
Palm oil Production, Residue wastes, and existing energy production
Palm oil Residue waste potential and Waste Utilization
Existing POME & Biomass utilization: Power plant
RE potential: accruing amounts, utilization, cost/value, and distribution
Type and chemical characterization of palm oil residues
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2006
FFB Production
(Ton FFB)
6,715,036
Production yield
(ton-FFB/Ha)
17.68 379,872
2007 6,389,983 14.99 426,120
Year Mature area
(Ha)
472,628
512,044
Plantation area
(Ha)
2008 9,270,510 20.09 461,555 588,175
2009 8,162,379 16.01 509,920 622,145
2011 9,880,000 16.44 600,758 685,600
Palm Oil Plantation and Production in Thailand, year 2006 - 2012
Remark: 1/ is an estimation value of year 2012 source: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative (MoAC), October 2012
2010 8,223,000 14.47 568,480 652,320
Background of Palm Oil Industry in Thailand
*** 80% of plantations in Thailand are small farmer. ***
2012 1/ 10,940,000 1/ 17.14 1/ 638,400 1/ 718,400 1/
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Prachuapkirikhan – 4 Crushing Mills,
62.5 Tons/hr.
Krabi – 20 Crushing Mills, 740 Tons/hr.
Surathani – 19 Crushing Mills, 810 Tons/hr.
Chumphon – 21 Crushing Mills,
685 Tons/hr.
Satun – 5 Crushing Mills,
61.5 Tons/hr.
Trang – 4 Crushing Mills, 180 Tons/hr.
Songkha – 3 Crushing Mills,
17 Tons/hr.
Ranong – 1 Crushing Mill,
20 Tons/hr.
NakornSrithamarah – 2 Crushing Mills, 60 Tons/hr. Phang-nga – 1 Crushing Mills, 30 Tons/hr.
Nongkhai– 1 Crushing Mill
Palm Oil Crushing Mills, Year 2012
Chonburi – 2 Crushing Mills,
135 Tons/hr.
•Total 82 Crushing Mills •Total Production Capacity 2,801 Tons/hr
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** From Year 2007 to 2012,Total palm oil mill increased 36%**
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Palm Oil mill 17-18% CPO FFB
5-6% Kernel
Product Raw Material
EFB
Shell Waste water
Fiber d.cake
Losses
Oil loss
Kernel loss
Water
Electricity Steam
Diesel
Material Flow of Palm Oil Mill Production
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WASTE
5-6%
Shell
Palm Oil Mills
Palm Oil Residues Waste
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Palm oil industrial process and waste
Source of data: Clean Technology for the Crude Palm oil Industry in Thailand, Orathai Chavalparit, 2006
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Existing Energy Production in palm oil mill
Biomass from palm
oil processes
Fiber
Exceed Biomass Residues
Palm Oil Processes
Palm oil mill capacity 60 t-FFB/hr
Steam to Palm oil mill
BOILER
Generator
Stack
Feed Water Pump
Steam Turbine
1.2 MW
POME
!! Efficiency Elec. of existing system ≤ 10%
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Palm Oil Residue Waste Potential
Based on FFB production ~ 12.0 Million ton per year
POME Waste water Characteristic
COD
LHV
%CH4
~ 60,000 – 80,000 mg/L
21-23 MJ/m3 (depend on %CH4)
55 - 65%
Biomass Characteristic
EFB LHV = 7,240 kJ/kg @ 58.6%MC
D . cake
432 , 000 ton
Fiber
1 , 680 , 000 ton
EFB
2 , 640 , 000 ton
Shell
720 , 000 ton
Waste water
7 , 200 , 000 m 3
Fiber LHV = 10,730 kJ/kg @ ~37.2%MC
Shell LHV = 15,250 kJ/kg @ ~24%MC
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Biomass Characteristic (EFB, Shell, Fiber)
Biomass Analysis
Proximate analysis Palm fibre Palm shell Palm bunch
EFB
Moisture, % 31.84 12.00 37.7
Ash, % 6.35 3.50 4.4
Volatile Matter, % 48.61 68.20 45.8
Fixed Carbon, % 13.2 16.30 12.1
Ultimate AnalysisCarbon, % 31.35 44.44 22.74
Hydrogen, % 4.57 5.01 2.27
Oxygen, % 25.63 34.70 28.78
Nitrogen, % 0.02 0.28 3.86
Sulfur, % 0.06 0.02 0.06
Chlorine, % 0.15 0.02 0.19
Ash, % 6.35 3.52 4.4
Moisture, % 31.84 12.00 37.7
Other Characteristics
Bulk Density, kg/m3 na na na
Higher heating value, kJ/kg 13,548 18,267 11,192
Lower heating value, kJ/kg 11,800 16,900 9,800
Source of data EFE Gulf Songkla
Biomass Ash analysisPalm fibre Palm shell Palm bunch
EFB
SiO2, Silica Dioxide, % 73.6 67.8 34.7
Al2O3, Aluminum Trioxide, % 2.43 14.6 1.2
Fe2O3, Iron Trioxide, % 2.72 1.6 1.8
CaO, Calcium Oxide, % 7.13 0.42 3.3
TiO2, Titanium Dioxide, % na na 0.1
MgO, Magnesium Oxide, % 3.24 2.9 2.9
SO3, Sulfur Trioxide, % 3.29 na 8
P2O5, Phosphate Pentoxide, % 2.26 1.8 2.5
Na2O, Sodium Oxide, % 0.93 0.26 0.8
Mn3O4, Manganese Oxide, % na na na
K2O, Potassium Oxide, % 3.86 9.6 40.1
Deformation Temperature, C 1170 1310 1080
Source of data EFE Gulf Kinoshita
na = not available
ND = not detect10
Decanter cake sludge: Chemical composition
Decanter cake Standard animal manufacturer feed
Substance (VCB' lab) Cow (avg.age) Pig (avg. age)
%Moisture 79.17% < 13% < 13%
Nutrient (%dry weight)
% Protein 15.27% > 14-18% > 12-18%
% Oil 2.44% > 2-4% > 2-4%
% Total P 0.29% - -
% K 1.80% - -
% Ca 1.32% - -
% Mg 0.47% - -
% Chaff N/A < 9-14% < 8-10%
Decanter Cake Nutrient analysis: compare with Malaysia data and Standard animal manufacturer feed
Source of data: Clean Technology for the Crude Palm oil Industry in Thailand, Orathai Chavalparit, 2006
Source of data: Vichitbhan’s Own Laboratory
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Turn “Waste” into “Renewable Energy Power”
Biogas plant
Biomass power plant
Existing “Waste Utilization”
Biogas Power plant
Biogas Potential
* MW electricity calculated at 38% Efficiency biogas yield 0.45 m3/kg-CODdegradable @ 60% CH4, op. 24hr and 300 days
POME
MWThermal / yr
1,058,400 181,440,000
Source Biogas (m3) GWh Elect/a
402.2 7,200,000 m3
Amount
(Based on estimation of 12.0 million ton of FFB)
Biomass Power plant
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VSPP Biogas plants - Power Producer from POMs
Source: VSPP_status_ March 2012, www.EPPO.go.th
Krabi, 11
Suratthani,
17
Chumporn, 6
Trang, 4
Prachup, 2
Chuonburi, 1Satun, 1
PhangNga, 1
Biogas Power Plant No.of mill in Status
(Under PPA contract) Operating On going
<1 MW 4 4
1-2 MW 12 2
2-5 MW 10 8
> 5 MW - 2
Total 26 16
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VSPP Status Province Total No. Individual Total Capacitiy Individual PPA contract
Biomass from POMs of Plant Province Installation (MW) PPA sale (MW)
Krabi 9 20.0 14.0
Suratthani 10 17.5 15.0
Chumporn 3 10.9 9.4
Trang 4 6.7 6.0
Suratthani 6 17.3 16.4
Krabi 2 4.0 4.0
Chumporn 1 1.1 1.0
Prachuapkhirikhan 2 4.7 4.0
Chonburi 1 3.4 2.4
Suratthani 1 2.0 2.0
Chumporn 2 12.9 10.0
Satoon 1 1.0 1.0
Applied for register to PEA PhangNga 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Total Plant 42 101.3 85.0
Signed PPA & waiting for COD 30.5 27.8
Signed PPA & waiting for COD 15.8 13.0
COD and in Operation 55.0 44.3
Currently VSPP_Palm Oil Biogas plant -Status
Source: VSPP_status_March2012, EPPO’s information
~ 50% of POMs in Thailand, are invested in biogas power plant
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Biomass SPP & VSPP power plant: status by Commercial Operation Date (COD)
Fuel Type No. of plant Install
Capacity (MW)
PPA selling
capacity (MW) No. of plant
Install
Capacity (MW)
PPA selling
capacity (MW)
P a l m r e s i d u e w a s t e 4 2 4 . 0 1 9 . 7 0 - -
Bagasse 36 663.4 210.3 9 245.4 109.8
Bagasse + Rice husk 0 0.0 0.0 2 37.5 26.5
Rice husk 16 101.0 82.9 4 48.3 41.8
Rice husk+ Wood chip 0 - - 2 57.8 49
Bagass+ Wood chip+Rice husk 0 - - 2 104.9 56
Rice husk+ Corncob 0 - - 0 - -
Saw dust 1 0.6 0.6 0 - -
Coconut Bristle Fiber 1 6.0 5.0 0 - -
Corncorb 1 0.2 0.1 0 - -E F B + S h e l l + P a l m r e s i d u e 0 - - 1 9 . 9 8 . 8
Wood bark 0 - - 1 87.2 50
Scraps of wood / wood chip 7 56.5 43.7 1 23 20.2
12 38.9 37.3 22 614.0 362.1
V S P P P o w e r P l a n t : C O D a n d O p e r a t i o n S P P P o w e r P l a n t : C O D a n d O p e r a t i o n
Source of data: EPPO, SPP & VSPP status, data update until March 2012 15
“EFB Solid waste disposal site”
“From Palm Oil Mill”
Abundant of EFB solid waste
EFB ~ 2,640,000 ton/yr
Look at Biomass “palm residue Potential”
Biomass type
EFB
MWThermal / yr
5,309,333
Amount (tons)
2,640,000
GWhElect/a
1,061.9
Biomass Potential (Based on ~ 12.0 million ton of FFB per annum)
* MW electricity calculated at 20% efficiency of power plant, op. 24hr and 300 days
Shell ~ 720,000 ton/yr
Shell 2,988,000 720,000 597.6
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Palm Oil Mill
Steam to
Palm oil mill
BOILER
Generator
Stack
Feed
Water Pump
Steam Turbine
Fiber / EFB / Shell From processes
Residue Biomass
Transformer
M
Fuel feed boiler
TURBINE
BOILER
Generator
Stack
Feed Water
Pump
CondensingTurbine
Biomass Power Plant ~ 5 MW
POME
EffElec < 24%
Existing
Eff.Elec ≤ 10%
General Existing Concept of POMs biomass PP
Biogas Plant 17
VSPP-Biomass plants from Palm Oil Residue
Source: VSPP_status_March 2012, EPPO+PEA’s information
Biomass Power Plant No.of mill in Status
(Under PPA contract) Operating On going
1-2 MW 1 1
2-5 MW 2 2
> 5 MW 2 9
Total 5 12
Krabi, 5
Suratthani, 4Chumporn, 3
Trang, 3
Prachup, 1Ratchaburi, 1
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VSPP Status Province Total No. Individual Total Capacitiy Individual PPA contract
Biomass from POMs of Plant Province Installation (MW) PPA sale (MW)
Krabi 2 12.4 11.4
Suratthani 1 10.0 8.1
Chumporn 1 10.0 8.0
Prachuapkhirikhan 1 1.5 1.0
Suratthani 3 27.0 18.2
Krabi 2 10.0 10.0
Chumporn 2 24.6 18.0
Trang 2 19.0 15.5
Ratchaburi 1 6 4.8
Krabi 1 7.5 7.5
Trang 1 5.2 5.2
Total Plant 17 133.2 107.7
Signed PPA & waiting for COD 12.7 12.7
33.9 28.5
86.6 66.5
COD and in Operation
Signed PPA & waiting for COD
Currently VSPP_Palm Oil Biomass plant -Status
Source: VSPP_status_March 2012, EPPO+PEA’s information
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** Shell selling to be use as replace fuel of bunker oil or diesel oil in some factories in perimeter area around Bangkok and Central district **
Accruing amounts, Cost/value, and distribution
** For Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) , average price ~ 0.12-0.15 THB/kg
Biomass cost: Shell Market Price
Shell
Mark
et
Price
(TH
B/k
g,
avg)
Month
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.80
Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Current Price, Jan 2013
= 2.30 THB/kt
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Prachuapkirikhan
4 Mills
Krabi -20 Mills
Surathani – 19 Mills
Chumphon
21 Mills
Satun – 5 Mills
Trang – 4 Mills
Songkha – 3 Mills
Ranong
1 Mill
NakornSrithamarah – 2 Mills
Phang-Nga
1 Mill
Biomass Distribution (cal. From FFB forecast, Sept 2012)
Chonburi
2 Mills
Total Biomass Generation in Palm oil industry
Plantation Year 2012 (B.Era 2555) Year 2011 (B.Era 2554)
Zone Shell (ton) EFB (ton) Fiber (ton) Shell (ton) EFB (ton) Fiber (ton)
Total 679,600 2,491,865 1,359,199 646,611 2,370,907 1,293,222
South 604,227 2,215,499 1,208,454 578,971 2,122,893 1,157,942
Central 68,687 251,854 137,375 63,480 232,762 126,961
NorthEast 6,052 22,189 12,103 3,860 14,152 7,719
North 634 2,323 1,267 300 1,099 600
Nongkhai– 1 Mill
Source: Forecast Agricultural Goods of year 2012/2013, Agricultural Information center, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ministry of Agriculture, Sept 2012
South: EFB 2.22 M.ton, Shell 0.60 M.ton
Central: EFB 0.25 M.ton, Shell 0.07 M.ton
Accruing amounts & Distribution
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Estimation Biomass consumption by Existing Power Plants Operation
Krabi, 2 mill 12.4 MWe
Suratthani, 1 mill 10.0 MWe
Chumporn, 1 mill 10.0 MWe
Prachup, 1 mill 1.5 MWe
Power Plant EFB available (ton), based on FFB in Y2012
Zone Biomass avai. Existing PP requires Diff EFB
Krabi 651,512 221,179 430,333
Suratthani 651,292 179,006 472,287
Chumporn 493,599 179,006 314,593
Prachup 116,371 26,851 89,520
Total Biomass 1,912,775 606,041 1,306,733
** Currently Biomass EFB still available, enough for power plant
consumption ***
** Biomass requires calculated from MW electricity Capacity installation •at 20% efficiency of power plant, op. 24hr and 300 days
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Future Biomass consumption by Power Plant establishing
Source: VSPP_status_March 2012, EPPO+PEA’s information
Krabi, 5 mills 29.9 MWe
Suratthani, 4 mills 37 MWe
Chumporn, 3 mills 34.6 MWe
Trang, 3 mills
24.2 MWe
Prachup, 1 mills 1.5 MWe
Ratchaburi, 1 mill 6 MWe
Power Plant EFB available (ton), based on FFB in Y2012
Zone Biomass avai. All PP requires Diff EFB
Krabi 651,512 534,439 117,074
Suratthani 651,292 662,320 -11,028 **
Chumporn 493,599 619,359 -125,761 **
Trang 75,447 433,695 -358,248
Prachup 116,371 26,851 89,520
Ratchaburi 0 107,403 -107,403 **
Other Province 503,644 -
Total Biomass 2,491,865 2,384,067 107,798
But in future, some province area may be have limited of
EFB-biomass supply from local area
** Biomass requires calculated from MW electricity Capacity installation •at 20% efficiency of power plant, op. 24hr and 300 days 23
For more information: Contact: Tel. 02 314 - 4101- 4 Ext 612
Email: [email protected]
Conclusion and Q & A
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