pamela s. chally, phd, rn dean/professor university of north florida college of health 4567 st....
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Pamela S. Chally, PhD, RN Dean/Professor
University of North Florida College of Health
4567 St. Johns Bluff Rd. S Jacksonville, Florida 32224
Shocking Facts About Eating Disorders
An estimated 8,000,000 people suffer from eating disorders in the United States. An estimated 3-6% of the serious cases will die - - a far higher death rate than for any other mental illness. Although most anorexics or bulimics start in their teens, victims range from five years to seventy years old. The number of males and people of color suffering from eating disorders is increasing.
WARNING SIGNS!! of Anorexia-self imposed starvation
Deliberate self starvation
Intense fear of gaining weight
Plans and cooks elaborate meals
Refusal to eat, except for tiny portions
Denial of hunger
Compulsive exercise
WARNING SIGNS!! of Anorexia-self imposed starvation
Distorted body image
Cold intolerance
Absent menstruation (primary & secondary)
Hair loss and/or fine, downy hair on body
Wears loose, baggy clothing
Dizziness and headaches
WARNING SIGNS!! of Bulimia-repeated cycle of out-of-control eating followed by
purging
Binge eating, usually in secret
Preoccupation with food
Vomiting after bingeing
Frequent use of the bathroom after meals
Abuse of laxatives, including diuretics, diet pills, or emetics
WARNING SIGNS!! of Bulimia-repeated cycle of out-of-control eating followed by
purging
Weight fluctuations
Swollen salivary glands
Broken blood vessels in eyes and/or mini bruises on face
Bruised or callused knuckles
Feeling guilty about eating
Feeling out of control
Dental caries
Biological
Psychological
Family
Sociocultural
Abnormalattitudetoward
weight and shape
Extreme Behavior
Overeatingor
Extreme dieting
Physiologicaland
PsychologicalResponses
PREDISPOSINGFACTORS
STRESSORS BINGE AND/ORPURGE CYCLE
PRECIPITATINGFACTORS
PERPETUATINGFACTORS
Medical Complications of Eating Disorders
Short Term:
Osteoporosis
Slow heart beat
Dehydration
Cold intolerance
Tooth and gum erosion
Inflammation or ulcers of the stomach or esophagus
Amenorrhea or menstrual irregularities
Low blood pressure (anorexia)
High blood pressure (compulsive overeating)
Medical Complications of Eating Disorders
Long Term:
Infertility
Renal disease
Liver damage
Electrolyte imbalance
Seizures
Cardiac arrhythmias
Death
PsychologicalComplications of EatingDisorders Low self-esteem Body image disturbance Inability to concentrate Depression Obsessive-compulsive disorders Bi-polar disorders Attention deficit disorders
Unrealistic representation of the perfect body continues
Unhealthy relationships
Social isolation
Treatment costs
Work absences
Lost of potential of 5-10% of the female population
Female, middle or upper social class
Family history of eating disorder, depression, or obsessive compulsive disorder
Overly compliant
Desires to be in control
Overachiever, perfectionist
Compulsive
Denies feelings
Low self esteem
Is or has been dieting
Has trouble with close relationships
Participates in body conscious sports or activities
Recent family crisis
Jane is a 13-year-old whose grades have been excellent andwhom the teachers describe as a “model student.”
Recently some of Jane’s friends have expressed concern tothe school nurse practitioner that Jane has begun to “jog” atlunch time and seldom eats with them.
Jane has told her friends that she has gained weight over thewinter months and that she is “jogging” because she wants to qualify for the track team this spring.
Case Study: Anorexia Nervosa
The Anorexic Client
Nursing Care Plan
Nursing Diagnosis:
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to self-starvation.
Goal 1: Will consume nourishment adequate for weight gain
Goal 2: Will follow behavior-modification plan (if implemented)
Goal 3: Will reduce energy expenditure
The Anorexic Client
Nursing Care PlanNursing Diagnosis:
Disturbed body image related to altered perception
Goal 1: Will express self in acceptable ways
Goal 2: Will receive adequate support
Goal 3: Will receive assistance in altering distorted self-image
The Anorexic Client
Nursing Care PlanNursing Diagnosis:
Ineffective coping related to unrealistic perceptionsGoal 1: Will conform to therapeutic program
Nursing Diagnosis:
Readiness for enhanced family coping related to ambivalent family relationship
Goal 1:
Will recognize disturbed pattern of family interaction (if applicable)
Regular physical monitoring by a medical doctor who understands
eating disorders
Individual therapy
Group therapy
Family therapy
Marital therapy
Support groups
Nutritional counseling
Special outpatient therapy programs
Hospitalization for physical stabilization and concentrated focus on behavioral and emotional growth