Pan-Arctic Land and Lake Surface Temperature from AATSR and MODIS: Products Development and Evaluation

Homa Kheyrollah Pour Claude Duguay University of Waterloo

1st Arctic Products Validation & Evolution Workshop Ottawa, 12-13 November 2014

Content

•  Arctic land surface temperature (LST) from satellite observations

•  Arctic lake surface water temperature (LSWT)

from satellite observations

•  Generation of products

•  Evaluation of products

•  Concluding remarks

Arctic land surface temperature (LST) from satellite observations

•  Long term changes in surface temperature •  Evaluation of regional climate models •  Assimilation into permafrost models

Arctic lake surface water temperature (LSWT) from satellite observations

•  Long term changes in water temperature •  Evaluation of lake models •  Assimilation into weather prediction models

Why?

Why?

Arctic LST from satellite observations

Soliman et al., 2012 25 km x 25 km grid cells

UW-L3 LST weekly and monthly (25 km) products derived from combination of Terra and Aqua L2 data (top)

Arctic LST/LSWT from satellite observations

Monthly MODIS (Terra and Aqua combined- 1km) LST/LSWT. Great Slave Lake/Great Bear Lake, NWT (July 2002-2010).

Arctic LSWT from satellite observations

Monthly MODIS (Terra and Aqua combined-1km) LSWT Great Slave Lake, NWT (Jan-Dec 2006)

Generation of products MODIS L2 files (MOD/MYD)

Interpolated L2 files 1 km EASE-Grid Polar Projection

Temporal Aggregation Update day and night averages

Day observations count, File 4

Day LS(W)T day/week/month- average, File 3

Night LS(W)T day/week/month- average,

File 5

Night observations count, File 6

Day/Night LS(W)T daily/

weekly/monthly- average File 1

Total observations count, File 2

Spatial Aggregation 1-25 km

Processing chain of MODIS UW-L3

LST/LSWT products

SSM/I: Royer and Poirier, 2010 AMSR-E: Jones et al., 2010

Monthly MODIS (Terra and Aqua combined-1km) and clear-sky monthly average of NARR and SSM/I LST, and AMSR-E screen-height air temperature for July 2007. Mean difference in the order of 1-2 K between MODIS and other products during snow-free conditions.

UW-L3 LST monthly product intercomparison

25 km x 25 km grid cells Soliman et al., 2012

Evaluation of LST products

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

2007 2008

Deline_Station MODIS

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

2007 2008

Deline_Station MODIS

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

MODIS_LST (°C)

Del

ine_

Hou

rlyAi

r Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

R2= 0.97n= 708Ia= 0.987MBE= 1.12RMSE= ± 4.53

Evaluation of LST products LST vs 2-m air temperature

Daily averaged (MOD/MYD) Hourly overpasses(MOD/MYD)

Evaluation of LSWT products

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25 ΔT (MODIS - In situ) In-situ (0m) MODIS LST

August

Ia =  0.94MBE  =  -­‐ 0.90RMSE  =  ±1.36

JulyJune September

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

Great Slave Lake (June to Sep 2003)

In-situ data obtained from buoys 0

5

10

15

20

0 5 10 15 20

Axis

Titl

e

ST3

ST4

ST7

n  =  175MBE  =  -­‐ 1.00RMSE  =  ± 1.55

MODIS LWST (°C)

In-s

itu L

WST

(0m

)(°C

)

LSWT vs surface water temperature

Evaluation of LSWT products

AATSR LSWT vs surface water temperature

5

10

15

20

25

30

5 10 15 20 25 30

JaasjarviNuasiJarviInariPyhajarviHaukivesiLappaPielinenOulujarviRehja-Nuas

SYKE (°C)

AA

TSR

_L2

(°C

)

n = 19MBE = 3.18RMSE = 5.24

c)

5

10

15

20

25

30

5 10 15 20 25 30

JaasjarviNuasiJarviInariPyhajarviHaukivesiLappaPielinenOulujarviRehja-Nuas

SYKE (°C)

AA

TSR

-L2-

PR

(°C

)

n = 32MBE = -0.45RMSE = 3.46

b)

5

10

15

20

25

30

5 10 15 20 25 30

JaasjarviNuasiJarviInariPyhajarviHaukivesiLappaPielinenOulujarviRehja-Nuas

SYKE (°C)

AA

TSR

-L2-

NC

C (°

C)

n = 31MBE = -0.63RMSE = 4.60

a)

a)  AATSR_L2_NCC b)  AATSR_L2_PR c)  ESA’s AATSR L2

In-situ data from Finnish Lakes (August 2009)

Evaluation of LSWT products

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10

CLIMo FLake MODIS

Tem

pera

ture

(°C)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

1:1

Ia= 0.956MBE = 4.25RMSE = 6.27n = 1154

LST-MODIS (2002-2010)

LST-

CLI

Mo

(200

2-20

10)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

1:1

Ia= 0.949MBE = 3.03RMSE = 6.30n = 1154

LST-MODIS (2002-2010)

LST-

FLak

e (2

002-

2010

)

Great Slave Lake (2002-2010)

Kheyrollah Pour et al., 2012

LSWT vs 1-D lake models

CLIMo FLake

CLIMo: Canadian Lake Ice Model FLake: Freshwater Lake model

Evaluation of LSWT products

Great Bear Lake (Aug 2008).

LSWT vs 3-D lake model

POM: Princeton Ocean Model

POM (Aug 08) MODIS (Aug 08)

POM: Yerubandi et al., 2011

Mean difference in the order of 1 ºC between MODIS (MYD/MOD) and POM simulation.

Evaluation of LSWT products MODIS/AATSR LWST & MERIS ice fraction

12 April 2011 a) b)

c) d) e)

a)  MODIS visible image

b)   MERIS ice fraction

c)  AATSR surface temperature (between 8-10 AM local time)

d)   MODIS day time (between 10 AM -12 PM local time)

e)  MODIS night time (between 10 PM - 3 AM local time)

Kheyrollah Pour et al., 2014

Concluding remarks •  Differences are in the order of 1-2 ºC between in-situ LST/LSWT,

modeled LSWT and satellite-derived observations.

•  MODIS Level 2 (Aqua/Terra) and derived products (e.g., UW-L3) allow for the examination of yearly/monthly and seasonal changes over the last decade.

•  Two new algorithms (Key and Prata algorithms) were applied with the objective of improving the accuracy of LSWT product from AATSR. The newly developed AATSR products provide comparable results and minimize land contamination effects of existing product from ESA.

•  More frequent satellite observations will be available (e.g. Sentinel-3 SLSTR , GCOM-C1 SGLI) with 1-km and 500-m spatial resolutions respectively.

Questions?

2nd Annual EarthTemp Network Meeting 12-14 June 2013 Surface temperature in data-sparse and extreme regions Copenhagen, Denmark

Churchill, MB. Feb. 2011

Evaluation of LST products

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

2007 2008

Hay River_Station MODIS

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

2007 2008

Hay River_Station MODIS

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

MODIS_LST (°C)

Del

ine_

Hou

rlyAi

r Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

R2= 0.96n= 1435Ia= 0.985MBE= -1.48RMSE= ± 4.35

Daily/hourly MODIS LST vs. Air Temperature (Hay River 2007-2008)

Daily

Daily

Hourly

Hourly

Arctic LST from satellite observations: validation/comparison

! !

Imnavait Basin, AK Kuujjuaq , QC

LST vs air temp.

Hachem et al., 2012

Arctic LST from satellite observations: validation/comparison

Imnavait Basin, AK Kuujjuaq , QC

LST vs ground temp. (3-5 cm below the

surface)

Hachem et al., 2012

HIRLAM forecasting results  

Sim

ulat

ed 2

m a

ir te

mpe

ratu

re

Sim

ulat

ed c

loud

cov

er

without LSWT data

Sim

ulat

ed 2

m a

ir te

mpe

ratu

re

Sim

ulat

ed c

loud

cov

er

with LSWT data

28 January 2012, 00 UTC

MODIS visible image

Spring (MAM) anomaly (2012 vs mean 2002-2011)

Recent variations observed by MODIS (2000-2012)

Derived from UW-L3 LST (25 km x 25 km)

March

April

May

Nov. 2011-1km

MODIS-derived UW-L3 LST (1 km x 1 km)

MODIS-derived UW-L3 LSWT (1 km x 1 km)

1-7 Jan. 2010-1km Weekly

June 2012-1km Monthly