pancreas and blood glucose regulation - dr. scott croes ... · pancreas and blood glucose...
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![Page 1: Pancreas and blood glucose regulation - Dr. Scott Croes ... · Pancreas and blood glucose regulation. Name the Gland and the structure at the Arrow . Pancreas: Pancreatic Islets (Islets](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/5f073a6e7e708231d41bf28a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pancreas and blood
glucose regulation
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Name the Gland and the structure at the Arrow
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Pancreas: Pancreatic Islets (Islets of Langerhans)
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Name the Gland and the structure at the Arrow
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Pancreas: Pancreatic Islet (Islet of Langerhans)
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Identify Alpha and Beta Cells
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• Immunoperoxidase staining can help identify the nature of the cells present in the islets of Langerhans. On the right, antibody to insulin has been employed to identify the beta cells. On the left, antibody to glucagon identifies the alpha cells.
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Pituitary Gland and
Hypothalamus
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Name the Gland and the structures indicated by
the arrows
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Pituitary Gland
Anterior Lobe (darker-stained adenohypophysis); Posterior
Lobe (lightly-stained neurohypophysis)
P A
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Name the Gland and the structures indicated by the arrows
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Pituitary Gland
Anterior lobe is the upper portion; Posterior Lobe is the lower portion
P
A
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Thyroid Gland
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Name the Gland and important structures
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Thyroid Gland: Thyroglobulin (in the follicles) is a glycoprotein. The PAS stain
reacts with the carbohydrate components of thyroglobulin and produces a deep
red appearance. Bar = 250 Microns
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Name the Gland
and important
structures
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Thyroid gland, human - H&E
Identify the follicles of the
thyroid gland. Notice the
capillaries in the interstices
between the thyroid follicles.
C cells are very difficult to
identify.
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Name the Gland and important structures
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Thyroid Gland
The simple cuboidal epithelium lining the follicles produces the thyroglobulin
which is stored in the colloid follicles. Later it is taken back up by these same
cells, cleaved, and released as T3 & T4.
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Name the Gland and the structure indicated by the arrow. What
does this structure at the arrow produce?
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Thyroid Gland
The C-cells secrete calcitonin which helps lower calcium levels. Recall that
this hormone antagonizes the effect of PTH from the parathyroids. These C-
cells are actually named for being "clear" (as in lighter staining).
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Parathyroid Gland
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Name the Gland and the structures indicated by the lines
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Parathyroid Gland
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Name the Gland and the structures indicated by the lines.
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• Parathyroid gland, human - H&E
Your first task, which may not be that easy, is to find the parathyroid glands.
The glands are small and usually occupy only a small fraction of the tissue
on the slide. Identify chief cells and oxyphilic cells.
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Name the Gland indicated by the arrow. What does this gland
produce?
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Parathyroid Gland: Arrow
Parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium levels
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Adrenal Glands
• Adrenal glands (suprarenal glands) are paired glands, located superior to each kidney.
• Have two distinct regions that function as separate endocrine glands:
– An outer part: the adrenal cortex
– An inner part: the adrenal medulla
C
C
M
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Name the Gland and the structures indicated by the lines.
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Name the Gland and the structures indicated by the lines.
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Name the Gland and the important structures.
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Name the Gland and the important structures.
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Adrenal Cortex
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Name the gland and the structures indicated by
the brackets
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Adrenal Gland
Identify the three layer of the adrenal cortex from left to right: Zona
Glomerulus, Zona Fasiculata, Zona Reticularis (mnemonic - GFR).
Also notice the dark medulla and the surrounding capsule. Bar = 250 MM
C
C
M
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Name the gland, what it produces, and the dark round structures
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Pineal Gland
The pineal gland (in the brain) secretes melatonin, but its function in man is
largely unknown. It is best identified by the distinctive dark globules known as
brain sand that can be observed in the glands of older individuals.
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Pineal Gland: Lots of brain sand
This is the brain sand of the same person after a grueling semester of
anatomy and physiology. Obviously this is a digitally manipulated
image, but do remember that this mineralization has no clinical
manifestation.