pandax: a dark matter experiment at jinping lab
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Xiangdong Ji (季向东)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (上海交通大学)
University of Maryland
PandaX: Direct Dark Matter Search Experiment in China Jinping Underground Lab
SJTU, 2013, 6, 5
![Page 2: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHY DARK MATTER?
DARKMATTER RUSH
• FERMI & AMS-2
• LHC
• Direct Detection (DAMA, CoGeNT, CRESST, XENON100, CDMS)
PandaX
Summary
Outline
![Page 3: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
There are plenty of astrophysical and cosmological evidence for DM,
• All gravitational effects
• Galaxy rotation curve, hot X-ray, gravitational lensing, bullet cluster….
• Large scale structure, CMB fluctuation….
There are plenty of DM candidates in theories
• Color and electric neutral, long-lived
• Might have weak-scale interactions (WIMPs)
• SUSY, extra dimension, …
Why Dark Matter?
![Page 4: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WIMPs Detection
Accelerator Indirect Detection
Direct Detection
![Page 5: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sources of standard model particles from dark matter annihilations in our galaxy
• Gamma ray
• Electrons and positions, neutrinos…
Positrons and electrons
Indirect signals
![Page 7: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Lunched June 11, 2008
Gamma Ray detector
Fermi Satellite
![Page 8: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Lunched May 16, 2011
AMS-2
![Page 9: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dark matter forms a giant sea, enclosing the milky way. The earth and solar system like a small fish, swimming in it.
Dark Matter particle has a small probability hitting the atomic nuclei (<1 time/ 100kg day),producing nuclei recoil
Direct detection is to detect the atomic excitations due to nuclear recoil
Direct searches
![Page 10: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Three types of signals
![Page 11: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
DAMA/LIBRA (NaI crystal)
CoGeNT (Ge)
CRESST (crystal)
XENON100 (Xe)
CDMS
…..
Some high-lights
![Page 14: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DAMA/LIBRA
![Page 15: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Direct detection status: CoGeNT
![Page 16: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CRESST
An experiment in Gran Sasso
Using 10x300g CaWO4 crystals
Measure both light and heat (phonon)
Different element has different sensitivity on the different WIMP mass
![Page 18: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Recent results
Nuclear recoil vs.
Electron recoil
![Page 19: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
XE100 latest
![Page 21: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
XENON100 bound
![Page 22: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Total exposure 140 kg.day
3 events with background < 0.2
Fit: WIMP mass 8.6 GeV
cross section 1.9 x 10-44 cm
CDMSII Silicon
arXiv:1304.4279, April 15 2013
![Page 23: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Associated production
Collider search
An, Ji, and Wang, arXiv:1202.2894 [hep-ph]
![Page 24: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Started in 2009 and evolving…
•上海交通大学 (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
•中科院上海应用物理研究所 (Shanghai Inst. of Applied Physics)
•山东大学 (Shangdong University)
•北京大学 (Peking University)
•二滩水电公司
• University of Michigan
• University of Maryland
PandaX collaboration
![Page 26: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
PandaX: Particle AND Astrophysical
Xenon TPC
Build a state-of-art large-size xenon dual-phase TPC detector working at the lowest background possible
Used for both dark matter search and
136Xe double beta decay search
Two important features:
Emphasize light collection efficiency so as to enhance the sensitivity to low-mass WIMPs (stage 1)
Accommodate a ton-scale experiment (stage 2)
PandaX goal
![Page 27: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Liquid Xe is an excellent liquid scintillator (S1)
Free charges In LXe drift under an electric field and can be collected/detected through a proportional chamber (gas phase) (S2).
With S1 and S2 signals, one can construct the location of events and veto gamma rays.
Xenon does not have long-lived radioactive isotopes, can be purified relatively easily.
Xenon is not terribly expensive and the cost for ton scale experiment is manageable.
Why Xe?
![Page 28: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
All aspects of the exp are designed for 1 ton LXe fiducial target.
Except for the central TPC, which depends on the funding stages…
• Stage 1a: 100kg target (25kg fiducial)
• Stage 1b: 500kg target (200kg fiducial)
• Stage 2: 1.5 ton target (~ 1ton fiducial)
•
PandaX Design Concept
![Page 29: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
TPC construction
![Page 31: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
150 1-in R8520-406 PMT, bases and decoupler designed and constructed. PMT’s tested . A data base has been established.
50 3-in PMT for the bottom TPC.
PMTs
![Page 32: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
InnerVessel Two stages: First stage: a steel vessel to make sure it works Second stage: a pure Ti vessel
![Page 34: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cryogenic system
• Outer Vessel (vacuum) part
of shield 5 cm OFHC copper
• All auxillary structures
removed to outside of shield
• ‘Weir’ structure instead of
‘Bell’
• Minimize PTFE use. Neutron
production on Fluorine
• Reduced cabling in xenon.
Less outgassing
![Page 35: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Testing Vessel and gas handling
![Page 36: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cooling bus with Heat Exchanger , with speed up to 100 SLPM.
![Page 37: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Jinping lab in Sichuan, China
![Page 38: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Layout of the exp in Jinping lab Shield
Xe Storage
![Page 42: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Before moving in
![Page 43: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
TPC & PMT at Jinping
![Page 46: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Cabling, decouplers, DAQ at jinping
![Page 47: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
First LXe Test Run (450kg Xe)
60Co
Light signals only (bottom PMT array only): functional cryogenic liquid scintillator
![Page 48: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
PandaX sensitivity
![Page 49: PandaX: A dark matter experiment at JinPing Lab](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052301/6288e4e30879183d040ebad8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
There are multiple evidences indicating that the dark matter might be found just around the corner.
PandaX is a first large scale experiment in China aiming to: 1) detect low-mass WIMPs with unprecedented sensitivity 2) enhance the detection threshold for WIMPs by a ton-scale target.
PandaX is on its way to prepare a first stage running.
Summary