pandin lake development and management...

PANDIN LAKE DEVELOPMENT

AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

Volume 1

PANDIN LAKE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

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PREFACE This Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan (DMP) is a result of collaborative endeavour among Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), the City Government of San Pablo, and the various stakeholders of Pandin Lake including fishers, landowners, barangay officials, women’s group, youth, non-government organizations, academe, and other government agencies. At present, the Seven Crater Lakes of San Pablo City are swarmed with issues and problems which include but not limited to the following: conflicting interests of stakeholders such as the non-implementation of appropriate zoning plan for fish cages and fishpens; presence of informal settlers along lakes’ shoreline; decreasing lake productivity due to pollution loading; and policy and institutional disputes. In an attempt to address these multi-faceted problems, the LLDA instigated the drafting of a Framework for the Formulation of Development and Management Plan (DMP) for the Seven Crater Lakes. This initiative was undertaken in recognition of the need to mobilize all sectors and stakeholders of the Seven Crater Lakes for a sustained and concerted effort at conserving, protecting and restoring these lakes and the vital resources and amenities that they produce and provide to the people in general. The Framework for the Formulation of Development and Management Plan for the Seven Crater Lakes was approved by the LLDA Board of Directors via Board Resolution No. 464 on 02 April 2014. The main objective of the Framework is to come up with individual Development and Management Plan for each of the Seven Crater Lakes through the involvement of all the concerned stakeholder groups in the process of formulating the DMP based on the perceived problems that they actually confront and experience every day. On the basis of the present state and condition of these lakes, they would be able to conduct situational assessment wherein Vision will eventually be formulated, Strategies will be developed, and the corresponding Activities will be identified for future implementation. The initial implementation of the Framework with Pandin Lake as the pilot area is substantiated by the fact that Pandin Lake is now greatly being used for eco-tourism. Thousands of tourists every year flock in the area for the simple enjoyment of the natural and tranquil landscape that Pandin Lake offers to visitors. However, everything that is taking place in Pandin Lake is arbitrary such that no ‘plan’ is being followed, policy and guidelines are non-existent, and no formal organization are recognized and authorized to operate eco-tourism-related activities. This arbitrary situation is not only unsustainable but will put Pandin Lake and its natural environment into risk of being exploited and destroyed in due course. This Pandin Lake DMP is therefore formulated to give ‘direction’ to the present set-up wherein decision-making and actions are still randomly being executed. The planning process undertaken for the formulation of the DMP was to incorporate the diverse perspectives of stakeholders that have influence on the implementation of the strategies that were identified during the actual planning exercise. As defined in the Framework, the following activities led in the formulation of development and management plan specific for Pandin Lake:

1. Coordination with key institutions that will play major roles in the planning and implementation of the PLDMP;

2. Stakeholder mapping and analysis; 3. Situation assessment to gain understanding of the current and future conditions in

the lake and to identify and prioritize issues; 4. Formulation of vision, goals and objectives by spelling out the desired state of the

lake over the long term;


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5. Developing strategies by specifying menu of strategic objectives and outcomes related to the use, protection, management and institutional arrangement for achieving the vision;

6. Defining the actions that will give effect to the basin strategies and ultimately achieve the vision, goals and objectives;

7. Conduct of policy review; 8. Identification of funding mechanism; 9. Development of institutional arrangements; 10. Formulation of development and management plan; and 11. Monitoring and evaluation.

The step-by-step activities that the stakeholders have gone through in the formulation of Pandin Lake DMP gave not only structure to the present set-up but also provided guidelines on how the resources of Pandin Lake will be used and managed in a sustainable manner. The PLDMP should be considered as a living document or a work in progress where changes and improvements can be incorporated and integrated towards a full and powerful document.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) would like to thank the following for their invaluable contributions in the formulation of Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan:

The City Government of San Pablo for the unwavering support through active participation of the City History, Arts, Culture, and Tourism Office (CHATO), City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO), City Planning and Development Office (CPDO), Sangguniang Panglunsod, and Mayor’s Office in all workshops and consultative meetings, and for providing needed data and information for the completion of the plan; As main stakeholders of Pandin Lake, the members of Pandin Lakewide Fishery and Aquatic Resources Management Council (FARMC), Samahan ng mga Kababaihang Mangingisda at Bangkera sa Lawa ng Pandin (SKBMLP), private landowners and the Barangay Council of Barangay Sto. Angel for the unceasing attendance and dynamic participation by providing first-hand inputs in the workshops and consultative meetings for Pandin Lake DMP formulation; The Seven Lakes Integrated FARMC, represented by the officers and members from the other six (6) crater lakes, for participating in the workshops and providing fisherfolk perspective on lake management which are contributory to the plan formulation; The San Pablo City Water District for lending the use of their Conference Room in the conduct of some of the workshops and giving of relevant inputs during the formulation of the plan; Tanggol Kalikasan (TK) Southern Tagalog for assisting LLDA in the conduct of workshops from start to finish through facilitation and providing legal guidance during consultative meetings; The staff and representatives of the different divisions/units of LLDA such as the Legal and Adjudication Division (LAD), Project Planning and Information Management Division (PPIMD), Community Development Division (CDD), Enforcement Division (ED), Surveillance and Monitoring Division (SMD), Clearance and Permit Division (CPD), Environmental Laboratory and Research Division (ELRD), Public Information Unit (PIU), International Linkages and Research and Development Unit (ILRDU) and Office of the General Manager (OGM) for serving as resource persons and facilitators, providing technical inputs, and participating in the workshops and consultative meetings; The Project Development, Management and Evaluation Division (PDMED) of LLDA for acting as the Secretariat, documenting the whole planning process, and preparing/writing the DMP; and All other representatives from people’s organizations, non-government organizations, government agencies, civil society groups, academe, and other institutions who in one way or another contributed in the DMP formulation through participation and contributing time, effort and resources.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface ......................................................................................................................................... ii

Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iv

List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. vii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. viii

Acronyms .................................................................................................................................... ix

Chapter 1.0 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2.0 Background and Rationale ............................................................................................ 3

2.1 Bio-Physical Characterization ............................................................................................... 3

2.1.1 Geographical Location ............................................................................................. 3

2.1.2 Geologic characteristic ............................................................................................. 6

2.1.3 Elevation, Slope, Soil and Soil Erosion Potential ......................................................... 8

2.1.4 Watershed Characteristics and Drainage System...................................................... 13

2.1.5 Land Use and Vegetative Cover .............................................................................. 18

2.1.6 Fauna ................................................................................................................... 20

2.1.7 Climate ................................................................................................................. 21

2.1.8 Water Quality ........................................................................................................ 22

2.1.9 Water Resources ................................................................................................... 27

2.2 Socio-Economic Characterization ............................................................................................ 30

2.2.1 Location ................................................................................................................ 30

2.2.2 Planning Area ........................................................................................................ 30

2.2.3 Municipal Context .................................................................................................. 30

2.2.4 Barangay Context .................................................................................................. 36

2.3 Project Rationale ................................................................................................................... 38

Chapter 3.0 Vision, Mission, Project Goals, Objectives & Activities ................................................... 39

3.1 Vision................................................................................................................................... 39

3.2 Mission ................................................................................................................................ 39

3.3 Goals ................................................................................................................................... 39

3.4 Project Description and Beneficiaries ...................................................................................... 39


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3.5 Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 40

3.6 Activities ............................................................................................................................... 41

Chapter 4.0 Development and Management Strategies Analyses ....................................................... 45

4.1 Environmental Analysis ......................................................................................................... 45

4.2 Social Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 56

4.3 Policy Reviews and Analysis for the Seven Crater Lakes .......................................................... 58

Chapter 5.0 Management and Implementation Strategies ................................................................. 68

5.1 Sustainability Plan ................................................................................................................. 68

5.2 Implementation Action Plan .................................................................................................... 78

5.3 Funding Mechanisms ............................................................................................................ 81

5.4 Work Plan and Budgetary Requirements ................................................................................. 82

Chapter 6.0 Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................................................................... 95

6.1 Monitoring Bodies ................................................................................................................. 95

6.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Procedures .................................................................................... 95

6.3 Monitoring Environmental and Social Impacts .......................................................................... 96

6.4 Monitoring Indicators ............................................................................................................. 95

References ................................................................................................................................. 98


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Slope Range, Area and their Distribution, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed .................................... 9

Table 2.2 Erosion Classification, Description, Area, and Distribution, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed .......... 10

Table 2.3 Some Relief Features and Other Geo-Morphological Parameters of Seven Crater Lakes Micro-

watershed .................................................................................................................. 15

Table 2.4 Stream Orders of Seven Crater Lakes River System ............................................................ 17

Table 2.5 Climatological Averages (1977-1997), UPLB Station ............................................................ 21

Table 2.6 Results of bathymetrical survey conducted in Pandin Lake .................................................... 21

Table 2.7 San Pablo Population by Barangay ................................................................................... 30

Table 2.8 Business Permits Issuance.............................................................................................. 32

Table 2.9 List of hospitals in San Pablo ........................................................................................... 34

Table 4.1 Negative Impacts of Pandin Ecotourism by Environmental Component..................................... 46

Table 4.2 Identified Impacts by Environmental Component .................................................................. 47

Table 4.3 Matrix of the Proposed Environmental Management Plan ...................................................... 51

Table 4.4 Possible Cost Estimates for EMP Implementation ................................................................ 55

Table 4.5 Pandin Lake Stakeholders ............................................................................................... 56

Table 5.1 Roles of other Support Institutions ..................................................................................... 71


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Lake Pandin showing other lakes ..................................................................................... 3

Figure 2.2 Municipalities, Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed ............................................................ 4

Figure 2.3 Barangays within Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed ........................................................ 5

Figure 2.4 The Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ................................................................................... 5

Figure 2.5 Geologic Map of the Macolod Corridor .............................................................................. 7

Figure 2.6 Contour Map, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ...................................................................... 9

Figure 2.7 Slope,PandinLake Micro-watershed ............................................................................... 10

Figure 2.8 Soil erosion map,Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ................................................................ 11

Figure 2.9 Soil Types, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ....................................................................... 13

Figure 2.10 Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed and the Laguna de Bay Basin .................................... 14

Figure 2.11 River System of Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed ....................................................... 17

Figure 2.12 General Land Use, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ............................................................ 19

Figure 2.13 pH Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ........................................................................... 23

Figure 2.14 Biochemical Oxygen Demand Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ....................................... 23

Figure 2.15 Surface Dissolved Oxygen Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ........................................... 24

Figure 2.16 Nitrate Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ...................................................................... 25

Figure 2.17 Inorganic Phosphate Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ................................................... 25

Figure 2.18 Total Coliform Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ............................................................ 26

Figure 2.19 Grids over the lake surface where depths 47 were recorded at different locations .................. 27

Figure 2.20 Generated 3-D configuration of Lake Pandin .................................................................. 28

Figure 2.21 Map showing the boundaries of Sta. Cruz Sub-basin and the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-

watershed .................................................................................................................................... 31

Figure 4.1 Delineation of Areas ..................................................................................................... 45

Figure 5.1 Organizational structure of the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism ............................................. 68


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ACRONYMS

BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CENRO City Environment And Natural Resources Office CHP Cultural Heritage Program CPDO City Planning And Development Office CTO City Tourism Office DMP Development And Management Plan DO Dissolved Oxygen ECC Environment Complaince Certificate EMP Environmental Management Plan FARMC Fisheries And Aquatic Resources Management Council IEC Information, Education And Communication KC Knowledge Center LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority LGU Local Government Unit PMT Project Monitoring Team PSE Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism TFPL Task Force For Pandin Lake TK Tanggol Kalikasan-Southern Tagalog


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1.0 Executive Summary

Pandin Lake is part of the Seven Lakes System in San Pablo City, which are the low-profile volcanic craters. Pandin Lake is one of the "the most pristine" of the seven lakes. It is considered oligotrophic because of the abundant plant and fish life. The Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is located at about 940 m in the north-northwest part of Lake Calibato and about 100 m in the southern portion of Lake Yambo. The micro-watershed is situated at the south-eastern part of the Laguna de Bay Basin with geographical coordinates of 14.115652oN and 121.366323oE. The total area and total perimeter are 24.15 ha and 1.91 km, respectively. Lake Pandin has no inlet while its outlet drains water into the Laguna de Bay through Prinsa River. Recharge water of this lake comes from rainwater and underground water. The Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan (DMP) is intended to introduce livelihood and income-generating interventions and protection of the Pandin Lake Micro-watershed. The stakeholders envisage the Pandin Lake and its watershed to be:

“Ang tubig kanlungan ng Lawa ng Pandin na may masaya at masiglang komunidad na tigib sa tradisyon at kultura, kaalaman sa kalikasang malinis, may masaganang pamumuhay sa ekoturismo at pangisdaan, may pagkakaisa at mabuting pamamalakad”.

From this vision, stakeholders identified six end-goals and they are:

1. Bawat turista ay nasiyahan sa mga natutunan at naranasan sa lawa; 2. Mapanatili na Class C ang kalidad ng tubig sa lawa; 3. Matanman ang kagubatan ng namumulaklak at namumungang

punongkahoy at maging prime tourist destination sa Laguna 4. Tumaas ang kita mula sa ekoturismo at tumaas ang antas ng

pamumuhay ng bawat miyembro ng samahan at ng kanilang pamilya; 5. Mapanatili ang kaayusan at katiwasayan sa lawa; 6. Mapanatili, maipasa/maipalaganap at maipagmalaki ang kultura at

tradisyong “San Pableno”.

The Pandin Lake DMP includes the following aspects: 1) Watershed Characterization and Profiling; 2) DMP Goals, Objectives and Set of Activities; 3) Development and Management Strategies Analyses (Environmental and Social Analysis, Policy Review and Analysis); 4) Management and Implementation Strategies (Institutional Arrangement and Strengthening, Funding Mechanism/Fund Generation Strategies, Capacity Building, Work and Financial Plan); 5) Monitoring and Evaluation. Environmental assessment reveals that the project, programs, activities and its implementing strategies will further enhance the lake’s natural resources. Key to this is proper management and operations of the Pandin Lake Micro-watershed and in its ecotourism areas. The plan is also design and focus on tourist management. Social analysis indicates that acceptability among community members is high. They indicated willingness to participate in activities to conserve the lake as well as to be involved in income generating undertakings.


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The proposed institutional arrangement brings to fore the community-oriented nature of eco-tourism participation in the development of sustainable projects. The key existing organizations will play important roles in the implementation of the Development and Management Plan. The three main players identified are the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), the City Government of San Pablo and the Pandin Lakewide Fishery and Aquatic Resources Management Council (FARMC). Although it was agreed that Pandin Lakewide FARMC is the implementor of the Plan, a key feature in sustaining the lake’s development is the creation of the Pandin Development Cooperative (PDC) which is basically part of the activities set in the DMP. The cooperative will be created and registered with the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) solely for the purpose of developing, managing and operating the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism (PSE). It shall henceforth abide the agreement and laws set by the LLDA and the City Government of San Pablo once they are organized. The budgetary requirement to implement the Pandin Lake DMP based on the activities identified in the set goals (environmental and water quality related activities, sustainable ecotourism based-activities, promotion/IEC cost and institutional development cost) is Php 4,159,950.00 for the period of five (5) years. An average of Php 832,000.00 will be required annually to implement the DMP but the bigger chunk of fund will be needed in the first two years of operation. Identified sources of funding for the implementation of DMP include donations, grants, gifts, and conduct of special events. An organized Monitoring Team composed of LLDA, City Government of San Pablo and Barangay Sto. Angel shall track and evaluate the gains of the Pandin Sustainable Ecotoursim vis-à-vis all the objectives of the Development and Management Plan.


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2.0 Background and Rationale 2.1 Bio-physical Characterization 2.1.1 Geographic Location

2.1.1.1 The Pandin Lake Pandin Lake is located at about 940 m in the north-northwest part of Lake Calibato and about 100 m in the southern portion of Lake Yambo. The coordinates of Lake Pandin are 14.115652oN and 121.366323oE. The total area and total perimeter are 24.15 ha and 1.91 km, respectively. In the north-northeast of Lake Pandin is Mt. Malauban, 318 masl, which is the natural divide of the Calauan and Sta. Cruz micro-watersheds. Pandin and Yambo Lakes are located in the western side of Mt. Malauban while the tributaries of Sta. Cruz River are all located in the eastern side of this mountain. Lake Pandin has no inlet while its outlet drains water to the Laguna de Bay through the Prinsa River. Recharge water of this lake comes from rainwater and underground water.

Figure 2.1 Lake Pandin showing other lakes


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2.1.1.2 The Pandin Lake Micro-watershed

The Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed encompasses two of the major sub-watersheds of the Laguna de Bay Basin, namely Sta. Cruz Sub-watershed and Calauan Sub-watershed. Pandin and Yambo Lakes are within Sta. Cruz Sub-watershed while Calibato, Palakpakin and Mohicap are in Calauan Sub-watershed (Figure 2.1). The remaining lakes, Sampaloc and Bunot, are draining outside the Laguna de Bay Basin but within the administrative jurisdiction of the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) as mandated by law. The Lake Pandin Micro-watershed which is within the Seven-Crater Lakes micro-watershed lies within 121.366323o east longitude 14.115652o north latitude. The total area covered by the micro-watershed is about 44.70 hectares. Lake Pandin Micro-watershed was delineated using ArcGIS, from a 90-meter resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 3-Digital Elevation Model (SRTM 3-DEM) collected in February 2000 by NASA. To further refine and eliminate the rasterized/pixelized outputs of the DEM, Google Earth was used to digitize the Pandin Micro-watershed.

Figure 2.2 Municipalities, Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed


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Figure 2.3 Barangays within Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed

Figure 2.4 The Pandin Lake Micro-watershed


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2.1.2 Geologic Characteristics

This portion describes the important land forms and their location in terms of barangay and municipality. It covers the southern part of the Laguna de Bay Basin. Meanwhile, the major rock types, their distribution within the area and the general characteristics of these rock types with respect to soil stability and water retention potentials and the type of geographic structures and their location are also described in this section.

The Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed is located within the Macolod

Volcanic Complex, which is dominated by a cluster of volcanoes, i.e., Taal (active), Mt. Makiling (extinct), and Mt. Banahao (Banahaw) (active), as classified by the Geologic Map of the Macolod Corridor (Figure 2.5) by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS).

The lithology of the Macolod Volcanic Complex consists of basalts, andesites, dacites, trachyandesites, rhyolite, pyroclastic rocks, and lahar. The stratigraphic relations are intrudes/covers Miocene and older rocks. The Macolod Volcanic Complex covers the provinces of Batangas, Laguna, Rizal, and Quezon.

The Macolod Volcanic Complex is composed of numerous Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanic centers, which are confined within a narrow structurally bounded northeast trending lineament called the Macolod Corridor (Förster and others, 1990). The volcanic rocks comprising the Macolod volcanic field have a wide range of composition from basalt to rhyolite, i.e., SiO2 = 47-74 percent. Intermediate rocks, however, are the most common. Basalts occur only in small monogenetic centers in the Macolod Corridor, while dacites and rhyolites seem to be exclusively present in the Laguna de Bay area and Mt. Makiling. The most primitive basalts attain MgO contents of 10-12 percent and Cr concentrations of 580 ppm. The basalts are mostly calc-alkaline, evolving to high-K calc-alkaline for intermediate and evolved lavas. The Laguna de Bay lavas, in turn, are andesites to rhyolites that are bimodally calc-alkaline and high-K calc-alkaline.

In summary, the geochemistry of the Macolod Volcanic Complex reflects that of subduction-related rocks. The rocks are characterized by low amounts of TiO2 (< 1.1 percent), enrichments in the large ion lithopile elements (Rb, Ba, Sr), Th and light rare earth elements (La, Ce), and depletion in high field strength elements (Nb, Zr, Ta) and heavy rare earth elements (Er, Yb, Lu). Variations in enrichment of incompatible elements, however, are interpreted to be due to crystal contamination and the involvement of sediments entrained by the subduction along the Manila Trench.

Taal Volcano. Lake Taal is a volcano-tectonic depression of approximately 300 sq. km, formed by numerous explosions, collapse craters and a system of tectonic grabens. Base surges and pyroclastic flows of the maar/caldera eruptions spread over an area of more than 2000 sq. km; crossing the 640 m-high Tagaytay ridge towards Manila Bay to the north; flowing southward to Balayan and Batangas Bays; depositing up to 300 m of pyroclastics to the east in the Mt. Makiling-Mt. Malepunyo-and San Pablo areas; and entering the Nasugbu


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plain through a gap between Mt. Batulao and Mt. Cariliao to the west. Two composite cones, Mts. Sungay and Macolod, developed on the eastern side of the lake.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Figure 2.5 Geologic Map of the Macolod Corridor

Near the center of Taal Lake is Taal Volcano which is an active volcano. It covers around 23 sq. km and reach up to 311 m high. Numerous tuff and scoria cones and depressions formed by explosion, collapse or ground subsidence are distributed on the volcano island. The main crater, 1.9 km in diameter, is a lake with a 100 square meters (sq. m) islet interpreted to be a lava needle (Oles and others, 1991). Altered grounds and steaming vents attest to the thermal activity in the island, whereas base surge and airfall deposits attest to past phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions. At least 33 historic eruptions of Taal volcano have been recorded from 1572 to 1977. Caldera formation was characterized by voluminous unloading of calc-alkaline andesitic to dacitic magma that deposited pumice flows, ignimbrite, scoria agglitinate and scoria flows (Listanco, 1994). The current active phase of the volcano culminated in the development of Volcano Island. Recent eruptions of Taal produced basaltic and andesitic deposits.

Meanwhile, Mt. Makiling is located on the southwest rim of Laguna de Bay. It is a stratovolcano with a 16-km diameter that reaches up to 1,115 masl elevation. Pyroclastic flow, lahar, airfall and lava deposits comprise the cone.


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Immediately south of Mt. Makiling is a deeply eroded north-south trending volcanic range that includes Mapinggon, Bulalo and Malepunyo. This composite volcano consists predominantly of lava flows and breccias at the upper portions and pyroclastic flows and lahars on its eastern flanks. Other smaller monogenetic cones in the Macolod Corridor erupted basaltic lava. Scoria cones and tuff cones are common, the former being formed from stromboliantype eruptions. Maars and tuff rings in the San Pablo area show typical features of base surge and airfall deposits resulting from phreatic or phreatomagmatic eruptions.

Laguna de Bay. Located on the northeast of Taal Volcano is Laguna de Bay, the largest volcano-tectonic depression in this region formed by caldera eruptions and extension tectonics. Collapse structures bounding this lake suggest that it is probably a relic of a much larger ancient caldera system. To the west and south of the lake are the volcanic and pyroclastic deposits of the Taal-Banahaw area. The Caliraya plateau on the eastern side of the lake represents a >400-m thick volcano-sedimentary series composed of welded and unwelded pyroclastic flows intercalated with lava flows, lahars, airfall tuff, base surges and fluvial and lacustrine sediments. To the north, limestones and small plutons are exposed within the pyroclastic series. Graben tectonics divided the lake into three “bays”. The East and Middle bays are separated by the Jala-Jala peninsula which hosts three domes including Mt. Sembrano. Talim Island, intruded by the Mt. Sangunsalaga dome and the Binangonan peninsula isolate the Middle from the West bay.

The lithology Banahaw Volcanic Complex consists of basalts, andesites, breccias, pyroclastic flows, and lahar. Its stratigraphic relations are intrudes/covers Miocene rocks. It is the highest volcanic center in southwestern Luzon, reaching up to 2158 m. This stratovolcano includes two major flank cones, Mt. San Cristobal (1470 m) and Banahaw de Lucban (1870 m). It is considered part of the southern segment of the Luzon volcanic arc associated with the subduction of the South China Sea plate along the Manila Trench. The segment to which Banahaw belongs is to the eastern counterpart of the Mindoro volcanic belt. Mt. Banahaw consists of lava flows and breccias on the upper regions and lahars and pyroclastic flows below elevations of 800 to 600 masl. While Mt. San Cristobal is a complex lava dome structure, Mt. Banahaw de Lucban is characterized by a dome that causes debris-avalanche on the eastern flanks.

2.1.3 Elevation, Slope, Soil and Soil Erosion Potential This includes the information about areas in different elevation categories as well as slope and soil erosion categories.

2.1.3.1 Elevation The highest elevation of the areas within Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is 318 masl Figure 2.6. The micro-watershed has an elevation range from 200-300 m asl. Areas with high elevation are mostly concentrated in the north-eastern part of the micro-watershed.


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2.1.3.2 Slope The slope distribution of the whole Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is shown in Table 2.1 and Figure 2.7. It ranges from 3 percent to more than 30 percent. About 11.29 ha or 2.32 percent of the total land area is gently sloping to undulating (0 –3 percent slope). Slope range of 3-8 percent (gently sloping to undulating) occupies 15.28 percent (15.28 ha). The undulating to rolling (8-18 percent) has the largest areas of 7.90 hectares while rolling to moderately steep (18-30 percent) follows with 34.99 percent (7.19 ha). There are no areas in the micro-watershed that falls to steep and very steep slope range.

Table 2.1 Slope Range, Area and their Distribution, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed

Slope Range (%) Description Area (Ha) Per cent

0 - 3 Level to nearly level 2.32 11.29 3 - 8 Gently sloping to undulating 3.14 15.28 8 - 18 Undulating to rolling 7.90 38.44 18 - 30 Rolling to moderately steep 7.19 34.99 30 - 50 Steep 0 0 >50% Very Steep 0 0

Total 20.55 100 Source of basic data: LLDA, GIS

Figure 2.6 Contour Map, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed


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Figure 2.7 Slope, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed

2.1.3.3 Soil erosion With regards to soil erosion (Table 2.2 and Figure 2.8), the Pandin Lake Micro-Watershed has about 16 hectares or 36 percent of the micro-watershed area classified as no apparent erosion. Slight erosion covers about 28 hectares or 64 percent, which usually occurs in sloping and steep uplands and hillylands with protective vegetation cover. Moderate erosion and severe erosion are not apparent within the areas of the micro-watershed.

Table 2.2 Erosion Classification, Description, Area, and Distribution, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed

Erosion Class

Description

Area (Ha)

Per Cent

No Apparent Erosion

Usually in gently sloping lands with less than 80 percent slopes or higher, if the lands are bunded or terraced, subjected to run-off flooding

16 36

Slight Erosion

Usually in sloping and steep uplands and hillylands that are covered by protective vegetation or in sloping cultivated lands that generally have sheet and rill erosion with frequency occurrences of less than 3 per linear meter.

28 64


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Moderate Erosion

Usually steeply sloping uplands and hillylands with generally grassy and shrubs vegetation or in cultivated farmlands that generally have more than 3 rills per linear meter and where gullies have started to form.

0 0

Severe Erosion

Generally gullied with exposed subsoils/rocks, subjected to constant cultivation or with sparse vegetation or maybe forested areas with unstable soil subjected to landslides rockslides or have high density of dirt roads.

0 0

Total Source of basic data: DA-BSWM-LREP (2000)

Figure 2.8 Soil erosion map, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed 2.1.3.4 Soil and Land Capability/Suitability This section discusses the soil types and soil series and their distribution in Lake Pandin and other areas within the Seven-Crater-Lakes Micro-watershed. The capability/suitability of their different areas to different types of production system and crops has been described. The soil type which covers the entire Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is the Macolod Clay loam covering 44.70 hectares (Figure 2.9).


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Within the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed, mountain soils (undifferentiated) (soil code: 45) covers parts of barangays Tala and Pook of Rizal, barangays San Cristobal, San Jose, San Diego, and San Isabel of San Pablo City. This area represents the rough mountainsides and forested region that are not accessible. For the purpose of the survey, this area is not classified. It is thickly covered with forest of good commercial timber. Another soil type that can be found in the Seven Crater- Lakes Micro-watershed is Lipa Soil. This is a residual soil representing the decomposition products of the underlying volcanic tuff material. It is dark brown, very friable, mellow, and easy to cultivate. Its depth ranges from 25 to 35 centimeters (cm). The subsoil is dark, loamy in texture, and becomes heavy and waxy at a depth of 75 cm or more. In some areas there are gravels and tuffaceous and concretions are exposed in highly eroded sloppy and hilly portions.

Lipa loam soil type has evidence of lasting fertility. In fact, it has the best physical characteristics that can be found in any soil. However, the present system of agriculture has led to the depletion of the soil fertility because of the pronounced effect of erosion. This type of soil is well developed in Lipa, Malvar, and Tanauan. Within the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed, Lipa loam soil type covers the remaining of the Sampaloc and Bunot Lakes. In Mohicap, Pandin, Palakpakin, Calibato and Yambo, it partially covers Barangays Tala and Antipolo of Rizal; Barangays Sto. Angel, San Lorenzo, Dolores, San Buenaventura, and Sta. Catalina of San Pablo City. This is the dominant soil type in this micro-watershed. The Macolod clay loam, steep phase, is found on the upper slopes of Mts. Makiling and Nagcarlan. It has the same profile characteristics as the clay loam type, except for its steeper slopes, abundant boulders, cobblestones, and pebbles on the surface soil. The surface soil is thin owing to severe soil erosion. The slope is so steep that there is little attempt on the part of the farmers to cultivate the land regularly. On Mt. Makiling, this phase is covered with second-growth forest, ipil-ipil, banana, sugar cane, corn, root crops, and upland rice (in kaingins). In the neighborhood of Nagcarlan coconut trees and lanzones are grown. This soil phase covers an area of 9,611.8 ha. To minimize soil erosion, ipil-ipil should be planted closely; kaingins should be discouraged or prohibited; and the outlay of timber must be well supervised. Meanwhile, Macolod clay loam (steep phase, 144) covers the rest of the five-lake area which is composed of portion of Barangay Balayhangin of Calauan, Barangays San Buenaventura and Sta. Catalina of San Pablo City; and Barangays Sabang, Lawaguin, Talahib, and Sulsuguin of Nagcarlan. The site characteristics such as general topography, slope, soil types, and other favorable factors indicates that the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed areas are suitable for forest tree species, fruit-bearing species, bamboo and other agro-forestry crops. It is somewhat limited to low land rice farming.


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Figure 2.9 Soil Types, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed

2.1.4 Watershed Characteristics and Drainage System This section identifies the major river systems, the coverage of their respective catchment area and the drainage density as well as the headwaters within the Seven Crater-Lakes Micro-watershed. The discussion focuses on the Seven Crater-Lakes Micro-watershed to show the interactions of the different lakes that relates to watershed characteristics and their river systems. The Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed areas are only small portions of the two independent watersheds. However, the areas of this micro-watershed originate in western side of Mt. San Cristobal. The five-lake area (Mohicap, Calibato, Pandin, Yambo and Palakpakin) is located within the Calauan micro-watershed, which drains water into the Laguna de Bay and is oriented in south-north direction. Meanwhile, the two-lake area (Sampaloc and Bunot) is located within the San Pablo basin, water from this drains into the Tayabas Bay of Quezon Province. The main river has north-south direction. For the purpose of this report, some relief features and other geo-morphological parameters of the upper portion of Prinsa River and those of the Molino River will be discussed. Likewise, their stream orders are also presented in the following.


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Figure 2.10 Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed and the Laguna de Bay

Basin

2.1.4.1 Relief Feature and Other Geo-Morphological Parameters The peak flow and the time it takes for the total flood flow to reach a given station are affected by the size of the watershed area. The larger the size of a given watershed, the slower the peak flow and it takes a longer time for runoff from the headwater to reach a given station. The boundary of a watershed is delineated by following the ridge surrounding the watershed which is known as the natural or topographic divide (Figures 2.10). As mentioned above, the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed is composed of two main river systems which are the Prinsa River System and Molino River System. The five-lake area and the two-lake area are discussed in this section. The five-lake area is about 26.59 sq. km and and its perimeter is 34.61 km. The highest elevation is at 1,480 masl and the lowest at ~80 masl. The two-lake area is approximately 17.06 sq. km with perimeter of 28.53 km. It has the highest elevation at 1,480 masl and the lowest at ~120 masl (Table2.3). The length of the main stream indicates the steepness of the watershed. Steep and well-drained watersheds usually have numerous small tributaries. On the other hand, the soils are deep and permeable in the plains and the watershed has relatively long tributaries which are maintained as perennial streams. Map measure can be used to determine the length of the stream. The main stream’s length of a portion of the Prinsa River, which is located within the five-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed, is 12.83 km with a


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total of 19 streams including those which are intermittent. The total length of the streams is 27.64 km while the stream frequency or density is 0.71 sq. km/stream. For the two-lake area, the stream’s length of the portion of Bolino River, located inside the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed, is about 8.25 km. The stream frequency or stream density is 0.35 sq. km/stream. The drainage density, watershed shape factor, general channel gradient of Prinsa River are 1.04 km/sq. km, 0.28, and 10.91 percent, respectively while for Bolino River are 0.58 km/sq. km, 0.26, and 16.48 percent, respectively. Table 2.3 Some Relief Features and Other Geo-Morphological Parameters of Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed

Parameters

Values

Five-lake area Two-lake area

1. Area (sq. km) 26.59 17.06 2. Perimeter (km) 34.61 28.53 3. Highest Elevation (masl) 1,480.00 1,480.00 4. Lowest Elevation (masl) 80.00 120.00 5. Length of main stream (km) 12.83 8.25 6. Number of streams including intermittent 19.00 6.00 7. Total length of streams including intermittent (km) 27.64 9.88 8. Stream frequency or stream density (stream/sq. km) 0.71 0.35 9. Drainage density (km/sq. km) 1.04 0.58 10. Watershed shape factor 0.28 0.26 11. Channel gradient (%) 10.91 16.48 Two-lake Area covers Sampaloc and Bunot Lakes Five-lake Area covers Mohicap, Palakpakin, Yambo, Pandin, and Calibato Lakes

The detailed discussion of these features and parameters are presented in the following.

2.1.4.2 Stream frequency Stream frequency is defined as the ratio of the total number of streams and the area of the watershed. In counting the total number of streams, the mainstream from the source to the outlet is counted as one. The tributaries of the next lower order, each extending from its source to its junction with mainstream, are counted individually. Then the tributaries of the next lower order, each extending from its source to the junction with the stream of the next higher order are also counted individually, and so on. Stream frequency or stream density is area in square kilometer or in hectare for a stream. Table 2.3 shows that the five-lake area and the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed have one stream for every 0.71 sq. km (71 ha) and 0.35 sq. km (35 ha), respectively. Stream density/frequency is related to the infiltration capacity of the watershed. Assuming all other factors constant, more streams will be developed in a watershed where soil infiltration capacity is low.


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2.1.4.3 Drainage density Drainage density is the total length of all perennial and intermittent streams per unit area of watershed. It is the ratio of a kilometer length of the stream to the unit of the land surface in square kilometer or in hectare. Normally, the size of individual drainage units decreases and the drainage density increases proportionally. The five-lake area and the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed have drainage density of 1.04 km/sq. km, and 0.58 km/sq. km, respectively (Table 2.3). 2.1.4.4 Watershed Shape Factor Watershed Shape Factor is the ratio between the area of drainage basin or watershed and the area of a circle which has the same perimeter as the basin. The watershed shape factor of the five-lake area and the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed are 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Since the watershed shape factor value is smaller than one, it means that the watershed is considered as circular. 2.1.4.5 Channel Gradient Channel gradient indicates the behavior of the flood that may occur in the watershed. The steeper the channel gradient, “flashy” flood and sharp flood peaks are expected. Time of concentration will also be shorter compared with similar drainage basin with “flatter” gradient. Channel gradient values of the five-lake area and the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed are 10.91 percent and 16.48 percent, respectively. 2.1.4.6 Stream order Stream order is a stream network classification based upon the relative size and position of stream channel segments within the drainage network. In this report the Horton-Strahler method of stream ordering is used. By this scheme, first-order streams are defined as headwater (source) streams or stream without tributaries. The junction of two first-order streams forms second-order stream. Third-order streams are formed by the junction of two second-order streams, and so on. The junction of a stream of lower order does not affect the order of the larger-order stream. Stream order is used as a basis by which net characteristics of drainage could be related to each other and to hydrologic and erosional processes. Stream orders are shown in Table 2.3. The drainage map (river system map, Figure 2.11) and Table 2.4 shows that the Molino River in the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed has a third order stream which has a total of 11 streams. The number of streams are 7, 2, and 2 for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order of streams, respectively. The Prinsa river in the five-lake are of the Seven Crater Lake Micro-watershed has also third order streams which has a total of 18 streams. The number of streams are 14, 3, and 1 for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order of streams, respectively.


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Figure 2.11 River System of Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed 2.1.4.7 The Bifurcation ratio The bifurcation ratio is the ratio of the number of streams in the next lower order. It is inversely proportional to flood discharge. If the bifurcation ratio is low, the discharges are higher with shaper peaks. If the ratio is high, the discharges are low but with broader peaks. Bifurcation ratio for 2nd, and 3rd order streams of Molino River are 1.21, and 5.54, respectively. Bifurcation ratio for 2nd, and 3rd order streams of Prinsa River are 1.14, and 7.75, respectively.

Table 2.4. Stream Orders of Seven Crater Lakes River System

Stream Number of Stream Length (km) Bifurcation Ratio

Two-lake Area (Molino River)* 1st Order Streams 7 10.36 2nd Order Streams 2 8.588 1.21 3rd Order Streams 2 1.55 5.54 Five-lake Area (Prinsa River)** 1st Order Streams 14 15.25 2nd Order Streams 3 13.37 1.14 3rd Order Streams 1 1.772 7.55

* Covers Sampaloc and Bunot Lakes ** Covers Mohicap, Palakpakin, Yambo, Pandin, and Calibato Lakes


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2.1.4.8 Longitudinal Profile The longitudinal profile of the portion of the Prinsa River located inside the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed indicates that slopes of this river varied from very steep (>50 percent slope) in Barangay Tala of Rizal to steep slope (30-50 percent slope) then back to very steep slope again in Barangay Pook of Rizal. When this river enters Barangay Tala again, it reduces the slope to rolling-moderately steep (18-30 percent slope). From Calibato Lake to Palakpakin Lake, the slope of the river is reduced to undulating to rolling (8-18 percent slope). This part of the river is located in barangays Sto. Angel and San Lorenzo. About 1,000 m from Lake Palakpakin, the slope of the river changes to rolling to moderately rolling (18-30 percent slope), Then, after about 500 m, the slope of the river changes to undulating to rolling (8-18 percent slope) as shown in Figure 2.11. It is expected that in this part of the Prinsa river system, garbage and other solid wastes, if any, could be easily pushed downstream to the Municipality of Calauan even in the dry season. It is noted that from Mt. San Cristobal to Barangay Pook of Rizal, about 3.6 km, no actual river is formed. Water in this area (about 294 ha) moves down as surface runoff or through underground runoff. These can be revealed by the presence of various springs observed in the area. The slope of Molino River varied as follows: from Barangay San Cristobal of San Pablo through Barangay Tala of Rizal to near the middle of Barangay San Diego of San Pablo, the slope of the river is very steep (>50 percent slope) and changes to steep (30-50 percent slope). The slopes of the remaining part of the river slowly reduces from rolling-moderately steep (18-30 percent slope) in the lower part of Barangay San Diego to undulating to rolling (8-18 percent slope) in Barangays Sto. Angel and Sta. Isabel; and finally become gently sloping to undulating (3-8 percent slope) in Barangay San Lucas 1 in the northwestern side of Lake Sampaloc. It is noted that similar to Prinsa River, Molino River could actually be observed in Barangay San Diego, about 5.5 km from Mt. San Cristobal. The groundwater recharge area of this river is about 750 ha, including portions of barangays San Cristobal, San Jose, Santa Isabel, and San Diego of San Pablo, and portion of Barangay Tala of Rizal. Furthermore, the areas near and around Sampaloc and Bunot Lakes including Barangays Santa Isabel, Conception, and San Lucas 1 could also be considered as the groundwater recharge areas of these two lakes. Molino River has no negative impacts on the water quantity or quality of these lakes. 2.1.5 Land Use and Vegetative Cover The general land use of Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is cultivated, perennial crop based on 2010 land cover map from NAMRIA (Figure 2.12).


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Source: Land Cover Map, NAMRIA, 2010 Figure 2.12 General Land Use, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed

Based from a rapid assessment on vegetation conducted on 10 April 2014, trees and plants identified within the micro-watershed are coconut, lanzones, banana, rambutan, upling gubat, tibig, mangga, langka, papaya, avocado, hauili, narra, kaong, anubing, santol, guyabano, bolo, tuia, kahoy dalaga, antipolo, kakauate, igyo, pugahan, kamagong, fortune plant, macopa. San Pablo City has two protected forests, one of them is known as the San Cristobal/Mt. Banahaw National Park, which includes areas from Nagcarlan, Rizal, Majayjay, and Liliw. Its area is about 2,754 ha, not all of which is included in the micro-watershed. The forest types in the Mt. Banahaw Area include lowland dipterocarp forest on the lower slopes and montane forest above about 900 m, including mossy forest around the peak. On the lower slopes of the mountains there are coconut plantations intensively inter-cropped with fruit trees and areas of kaingin, and the surrounding area is intensively cultivated. Tree species such as red lauan, tanguile and mayapis and non-dipterocarp species, rattan, vines, grasses, ferns, orchids are also abundant in the area. The biggest flower in the world, the Rafflesia species, may also be found in the forest reserve.

Fern species in the Mt. Banahaw area was studied extensively in 2004 by Banaticla and Buot of the University of the Philippines Los Baños. Five altitudinal fern zones were established by the study along the northeastern altitudinal slopes of Mt. Banahaw using cluster- and ordination analyses, namely:

Zone 1, Cyathea contaminans – Dicranopteris–Nephrolepis– Diplazium patches at 700–800 meters above sea level (masl);


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Zone 2, Sphaerostephanos hirsutus var. hirsutus – Selaginella delicatula patches at 750–900 masl; Zone 3, Cyathea philippinensis – Selaginella patches at 900– 1200 masl; Zone 4, Cyathea philippinensis – Cyathea callosa–Asplenium cymbifolium–Selaginella cumingiana patches at 1200–1550 masl; and Zone 5 which is further divided into:

o Sub-zone 5A, Cyathea callosa – Cyathea loheri- Hymenophyllaceae patches at 1550–1800 masl

o Sub-zone 5B, Cyathea loheri – Cephalomanes apiifolia patches at 1800–1875 masl

Another protected forest area in the micro-watershed is the Malabanban Forest Reserve located at Barangay Sto. Angel and Barangay San Diego. Its area is about 239 ha. Majority of the plant species that are distributed mostly along the banks of the lakes are comprised mostly of fruit-bearing trees, numerous shade bearing forest trees and ornamentals that were planted by local people just as in the San Juan and San Cristobal Rivers.

2.1.6 Fauna

Animals that can be found within Pandin Lake Micro-watershed based on the interview conducted on April 10, 2014 with the people living near the lake are musang, monkey, monitor lizard, python, snake, tikling, bakaw, labuyo and sulyasis. In the Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Area, wild animals like wild pig, deer, monkeys can still be found. Species of bird such as hornbill, jungle fowl, pigeons, tailorbirds, orioles are still present in the area. Giant rats, wild cats, monitor lizards, snakes are still found in the area. Among fish species in the seven lakes, the ayungin is endemic in Sampaloc Lake. The kanduli (arid catfish) thrives there, too. The most common fresh water fishes are dalag (mudfish), hito (Catfish), and goramy, igat (eel), and the martiniko (climbing perch). Tilapia and bangus are much cultivated in the fish pens within Sampaloc Lake and the other lakes. A few important bird species may also be found in the seven lakes. Among some birds spotted in the area are:

1. Whiskered Tern - (Sampaloc Lake) 2. Rock Dove 3. Asian Palm Swift - (Sampaloc Lake) 4. Island Swift 5. Barn Swallow 6. Pacific Swallow - (Sampaloc Lake) 7. Yellow-Vented Bulbul 8. Yellow Wagtail – (Sampaloc Lake) 9. Brown Shrike - (Sampaloc Lake)


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10. Olive-backed Sunbird 11. Orange-bellied Flowerpecker 12. Red-keeled Flowerpecker 13. Lowland White-eye 14. Eurasian Tree Sparrow

Bird species found in the Mt. Banahaw Forest Reserve include the following: Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi); Flame-breasted Fruit-dove (Ptilinopus marchei); Philippine Cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia); Philippine Eagle-owl (Bubo philippensis); and Ashy Thrush (Zoothera cinerea)

2.1.7 Climate

The prevailing climatic condition in the municipality is categorized into:

• Wet Season (Rainy Season or Monsoon Season) • Dry Season (Summer Season)

Table 2.5. Climatological Averages (1977-1997), UPLB Station

Month Rainfal

l (mm)

Rainy Days

Temperature (°C) VP

(mb) RH (%)

Wind Cloud (Okta) Max Min Mean

Dry Bulb

Wet Bulb

Dew Pt.

Dir Speed (m/s)

Jan 39 11 29.5 21.1 25.3 24.7 22.6 21.7 26 83 E 2 6

Feb 21.5 7 30.6 20.9 25.7 25.3 22.7 21.7 26.1 81 E 2 5

Mar 30.5 5 32.5 21.7 27.1 26.8 23.6 22.4 27.1 77 E 3 4

Apr 43.3 6 34.3 23.2 28.7 28.6 25 23.8 29.4 75 E 2 4

May 111.6 12 34.7 23.9 29.3 29.5 25.9 24.7 31.1 75 E 3 4

Jun 224.6 17 33.5 24 28.7 28.7 25.9 24.9 31.6 80 E 2 5

Jul 306.3 21 32.4 23.5 27.9 27.7 25.4 24.6 31 83 E 2 6

Aug 268.9 18 32.4 23.5 28 27.8 25.3 24.4 30.6 81 SW 3 6

Sep 228.8 19 32.1 23.5 27.8 27.6 25.3 24.5 30.8 83 E 2 6

Oct 329.7 20 31.6 23.3 27.4 27.2 24.9 24.2 30.2 83 E 2 6

Nov 217.6 19 30.8 22.9 26.8 26.6 24.4 23.5 29.1 83 E 2 6

Dec 129.2 16 29.4 21.9 25.6 25.3 23.1 22.2 26.8 83 E 3 6

ANNUAL 1,951 171 32 22.8 27.4 27.2 24.6 23.6 29.2 81 E 2 5

Pandin Lake is located in a region of Type I climate based on the Modified Coronas Classification of Philippine climate. Type I climate is characterized by two pronounced seasons: dry from December to May, and wet from June to November. Typically, maximum rain periods are observed from June to September. Regions of Type I climate span the western part of Luzon, western part of Mindoro, southern part of Panay Island, southwestern part of Negros Island, and the western and northern parts of Palawan (Table 2.5). 2.1.7.1 Rainfall The total annual rainfall is 1,951 mm during the 171 rainy days recorded per year. The rain event is equivalent to 47 percent a year which translates to a daily rainfall of 11.4 mm assuming uniform distribution per rainy day. Maximum (329.7 mm) and minimum (21.5 mm) rainfall occur in October and February, respectively. The average number of rainy days during October is 22. The rainy season starts in May and lasts until November.


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2.1.7.2 Relative Humidity Relative humidity (RH) is expressed as a percentage of water vapor in air. The high annual average RH of 81 percent is due to six months of high humidity (83 percent). The monthly RH has a range of 75 to 83 percent. 2.1.7.3 Prevailing Wind The annual prevailing wind direction is Easterly wind with an average wind speed of two meters per second. Easterly winds occur 11 months a year with a shift to the Southwesterly direction only in August. Wind speed ranges from two to three meters per second. 2.1.7.4 Temperature The temperature at the lake ranges from a maximum of 34.7°C to a minimum of 20.9°C. The maximum temperature occurs in May while the lowest was recorded in February. The annual mean temperature in the area is 27.4°C.

2.1.8 Water Quality

From 2009 to 2013, the Environmental Laboratory and Research Division of Laguna Lake Development Authority conducted the monitoring and sampling of Pandin Lake once a month during the 1st and 4th quarters of the year and every 3rd month of the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the year. The methods of analyses were based on the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewaters, 21st Edition. 2005. APHA, AWWA, WEF. The assessment of the water quality was based on compliance to the DENR Administrative Order No. 34, Series of 1990 considering the 2009-2013 annual averages. 2.1.8.1 Physico-Chemical Parameters 2.1.8.1.1 pH

The pH measures the acidity or basicity of water. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 wherein a pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic and pH above 7 indicates basic water. For Class C waters, the DENR criterion for pH is set within the range of 6.5 to 8.5. From 2009 to 2013, the annual averages for pH in Pandin Lake were all within the acceptable range. The highest pH was 7.5 in 2012 while the lowest pH was 7.0 in 2009.


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Figure 2.13 pH Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013

2.1.8.1.2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)

BOD is a measure of the approximate amount of oxygen needed by the microorganisms for the degradation of organic wastes under aerobic decomposition in a specified incubation period. A low BOD concentration indicates good water quality while a high BOD concentration indicates poor water quality. The DENR Class C criterion for BOD is 10 mg/L. The annual average BOD concentrations in Pandin Lake from 2009 to 2013 conformed to the Class C criterion. The data showed a decreasing trend. The highest BOD concentration of 7 mg/L was noted in 2009 while the lowest concentration of 3 mg/L was observed in 2013.

Figure 2.14 Biochemical Oxygen Demand Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013


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2.1.8.1.3 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Dissolved oxygen is required by aquatic organisms for their metabolism and is needed for the oxidation and removal of organic wastes in water. A high DO concentration indicates good water quality while low DO concentration shows poor water quality. The DENR Class C criterion for DO is set at a minimum of 5 mg/L. From 2009 to 2013, it was only in 2009 that the annual average DO concentrations in Pandin Lake failed the Class C criterion. The highest DO concentration of 6.5 mg/L was measured in 2013 while the lowest DO concentration of 4.1 mg/L was noted in 2009.

Figure 2.15 Surface Dissolved Oxygen Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013

2.1.8.1.4 Nitrate, (NO3)

Nitrate generally occurs in trace quantities in surface water. The DENR Class C criterion for nitrate is 10 mg/L. In 2009 to 2013, the annual average nitrate concentrations in Pandin Lake which ranged from 0.023 to 0.101 mg/L were found to be in trace amounts, thus very much lower when compared to the criterion.


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Figure 2.16 Nitrate Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013

2.1.8.1.5 Inorganic Phosphate, (IPO4)

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and it is found mainly as phosphates in natural waters.

The DENR Class C criterion for inorganic phosphate is set at 0.1 mg/L. The graph for the inorganic phosphate levels in Pandin Lake from 2009 to 2013 showed a decreasing trend. The annual average IPO4 concentrations exceeded the criterion from 2009 to 2011, and conformed to the criterion in 2012 to 2013.

Figure 2.17 Inorganic Phosphate Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013


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2.1.8.2 Bacteriological Parameter

2.1.8.2.1 Total Coliform

Total coliform is a group of aerobic and facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod shaped bacteria that can be found in the intestines of warm blooded animals and therefore are present in sewage, on and in soils, surface waters, and vegetation. The presence of total coliforms usually indicates the presence of pathogenic or disease-causing organisms. By measuring the number of total coliform present in a water sample, the water's usability for a given purpose is also determined. The DENR criterion for Class C waters is set at 5,000 MPN/100 ml. From 2009 to 2013, all of the annual average total coliform concentrations in Pandin Lake passed the criterion with the highest at 852 MPN/100ml in 2009 and the lowest at 311 MPN/100ml in 2011.

Figure 2.18 Total Coliform Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013

Based on the evaluation of the five (5) water quality parameters presented above, the water quality status of Pandin Lake has improved from 2009 to 2013. Not only in Pandin but also in the other lakes of San Pablo City except for Yambo Lake wherein the annual average DO concentrations in 2009 were noted lower than the DENR criterion of 5 mg/L. The observations may be attributed to upwelling or overturning of the water body which had been taking place in the seven lakes occasionally in the past. The period of occurrence of this phenomenon is usually during the cold months of December to February. As the water at the surface area of the lake becomes colder, the relatively warmer water at the bottom with low DO is brought to the surface.


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2.1.9 Water Resources 2.1.9.1 Surface Freshwater Resources Pandin Lake is located in Barangay Sto Angel. It has surface area of 24.15 ha and a maximum depth of 63 m. It has a calculated volume of 7.6 M cubic meters of water in storage. Pandin is considered oligotrophic which means there is low plant nutrients that is usually accompanied by high dissolved oxygen.

2.1.9.2 Bathymetry Bathymetric surveys can alert scientists on the ongoing and potential lake erosion, landslides, lake-level rise, and subsidence (land sinking). Scientists also need current/updated bathymetric survey data, which is critical to support the creation and development of hydrodynamic models. Bathymetry is also a key element of lake biological indices. The depth and characteristics of the lake define the habitat for benthic (bottom-dwelling) organisms, and are fundamental parameters of lake ecosystems. Scientists increasingly rely on high-resolution bathymetry in their efforts to determine where fish and other sea life will feed, live, and breed. Bathymetric surveys can also provide the data on navigation lane, which may guide efficient lake transportation. Bathymetric maps are becoming increasingly important as scientists seek to learn more about the effects of climate change on the environment.

Figure 2.19 Grids over the lake surface where depths were recorded at

different locations


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Imaginary grids over the 20.95 hectare or 241,478.049 square meters of Lake Pandin were set to serve as the traverse course wherein arbitrary and selected locations were marked to establish the lake’s bottom configuration and depths at different locations (Figure 2.19).

Table 2.6 presents actual points marked over the lake’s surface area with corresponding depth (in meters).

The average depth was estimated at 33.39 meters with a maximum depth recorded at 62.8 meters over waypoint 534. After establishing the depths of the lake at different points, a Pandin Lake configuration was generated (Figure 2.20). The estimated basin volume based on the 3-D generated profile is 7.6 M cubic meters.

Figure 2.20 Generated 3-D configuration of Lake Pandin


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Table 2.6 Results of bathymetrical survey conducted in Lake Pandin

WP ID. Depth

(m) WP ID. Depth

(m) WP ID. Depth

(m) WP ID. Depth

(m) WP ID. Depth

(m) WP ID. Depth

(m) WP ID. Depth

(m) WP ID. Depth

(m) WP ID. Depth

(m) WP ID. Depth

(m)

326 2.5 351 4.5 376 6.2 400 6.1 425 3.4 450 9.8 475 62.2 500 19.2 525 62.3 550 51.7

327 2.8 352 6.4 377 5 401 7.6 426 6.5 451 22 476 62.3 501 34 526 62.2 551 50

328 1.7 353 7.9 378 3.1 402 9 427 2.1 452 24.8 477 62.7 502 36.1 527 62.6 552 47.7

329 3 354 5.5 379 4.5 403 11 428 5.1 453 24.4 478 62.4 503 38.5 528 62.7 553 44.5

330 4.2 355 3.8 380 5 404 12.4 429 2 454 26.2 479 62.4 504 42 529 62.8 554 41.9

331 3.5 356 4.5 380 5 405 15.4 430 3.9 455 28.1 480 62.4 505 46.8 530 62.6 555 39.3

332 4.5 357 4.4 381 3.1 406 17 431 6.3 456 35.5 481 62.4 506 48.3 531 62.8 556 36.3

333 5.5 358 5.6 382 2.4 407 16 432 2.5 457 50 482 61.9 507 52.5 532 62.6 557 33.3

334 6.5 359 5.2 383 2.5 408 6 433 4 458 54.7 483 61.5 508 55.5 533 62.6 558 29.8

335 6.6 360 5.1 384 6.7 409 6.8 434 5.8 459 56.5 484 60.2 509 59.1 534 62.8 559 24.7

336 6.1 361 5.2 385 7.2 410 3 435 5.5 460 55.6 485 60 510 60 535 62.6 560 19.7

337 1.8 362 3.1 386 5.5 411 1.7 436 6.8 461 56 486 58.1 511 61.1 536 62.3 561 14.7

338 4.2 363 4.6 387 5.8 412 3.4 437 11 462 54.4 487 56.9 512 60.8 537 62.2 562 11.8

339 2.5 364 4.6 388 8 413 4 438 4.8 463 47.5 488 55.1 513 61.9 538 61.9 563 8.7

340 3.9 365 5.3 389 6.4 414 3.8 439 2.1 464 56.8 489 30.4 514 61.9 539 61.9 564 6.5

341 3 366 4.2 390 6.2 415 7.1 440 2.7 465 45 490 23.5 515 62 540 61 565 4.2

342 2.5 367 5.1 391 7.5 416 7.6 441 1.7 466 27.8 491 18.8 516 61.8 541 60.4

343 4.3 368 4.4 392 6.1 417 6.1 442 5.2 467 47.7 492 13.8 517 61.5 542 59.6

344 5.4 369 6.9 393 8 418 6.7 443 3.7 468 30 493 6.2 518 61.2 543 58.6

345 6.3 370 6 394 15 419 4.7 444 1.8 469 34.4 494 1.9 519 60.8 544 58.5

346 4.8 371 6 395 10 420 3.4 445 2.7 470 27.7 495 6.9 520 60.5 545 58.5

347 3.7 372 3.3 396 8.5 421 5.8 446 3.2 471 59.5 496 11.5 521 60.7 546 57.9

348 4 373 3.6 397 5.4 422 5.5 447 5.6 472 60 497 15.2 522 61.1 547 56.7

349 3.8 374 4.9 398 5.5 423 5 448 6.5 473 61.5 498 16.2 523 61.5 548 54.3

350 5 375 6 399 3.7 424 3.1 449 7.6 474 61.9 499 17.5 524 62 549 52.6


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2.2 Socio-Economic Characterization

2.2.1 Location

Lake Pandin is located in Barangay Sto. Angel, San Pablo City. Lake Pandin is also part of the Sta. Cruz Sub-watershed, one of the major sub-watersheds of the Laguna de Bay Basin. The location and vicinity maps of the Lake Pandin are presented in Figure 2.21 and Table 2.7. 2.2.2 Planning Area

The Development and Management Plan mainly cover Pandin Lake’s water surface area of approximately 24.15 hectares and its 20 meter easement. With a perimeter of about 1.91 kilometers, the easement is calculated to have an area of about 3.7 hectares. 2.2.3 Municipal Context

The City of San Pablo also known as the “City of Seven Lakes”, is a component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. It is fifth among the oldest cities in the country. San Pablo is in close proximity to Metro Manila which is just a short two-hour away from Metro Manila via 87 kilometers South Luzon Expressway and Maharlika Highway. San Pablo is 485 feet above sea level with a generally sloping terrain from east to west and rarely affected by typhoon and other disastrous calamities particularly flooding. Gifted by nature with abundant fresh water supply, it provides excellent potable water through its 8 large springs. The city rests palm-like on a plateau on the southern part of Laguna with a territory comprising 19,899 hectares, 85 percent totalling to 18,083 hectares of which are devoted to crop production. The city is composed of 80 barangays consisting of 32 urban with an area of 2,827.43 hectares and 48 rural barangays covering 18,572.57 hectares. It has a projected total population of 258,004 and 52,390 total number of households as of 2012. Table 2.7 San Pablo Population by Barangay

Barangay Population Barangay Population Barangay Population

Bagong Bayan II-A (Pob.) 5,639

Barangay VI-B (Pob.) 862

San Joaquin 1,467

Bagong Pook VI-C (Pob.) 1,921

Barangay VI-D (Pob.) 1,931 San Jose 6,992

Barangay I-A (Pob.) 546 Barangay VI-E (Pob.) 2,613 San Juan 3,452

Barangay I-B (Pob.) 4,523 Barangay VII-A (Pob.) 1,705 San Lorenzo 1,903

Barangay II-A (Pob.) 2,676 Barangay VII-B (Pob.) 521 San Lucas 15,343

Barangay II-B (Pob.) 2,255 Barangay VII-C (Pob.) 167 San Lucas 25,770

Barangay II-C (Pob.) 1,141 Barangay VII-D (Pob.) 80 San Marcos 2,800


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Barangay Population Barangay Population Barangay Population

Barangay II-D (Pob.) 1,219 Barangay VII-E (Pob.) 154 San Mateo 2,910

Barangay II-E (Pob.) 2,851 Bautista 2,444 San Miguel 2,975

Barangay II-F (Pob.) 2,106 Concepcion 7,928 San Nicolas 4,480

Barangay III-A (Pob.) 401 Del Remedio 13,789 San Pedro 2,402

Barangay III-B (Pob.) 893 Dolores 2,251 San Rafael 3,467

Barangay III-C (Pob.) 2,940 San Antonio 1 4,813 San Roque 3,086

Barangay III-D (Pob.) 1,310 San Antonio 2 3,492 San Vicente 3,169

Barangay III-E (Pob.) 626 San Bartolome 3,160 Santa Ana 2,525

Barangay III-F (Pob.) 308 San Buenaventura 3,696 Santa Catalina 2,377

Barangay IV-A (Pob.) 782 San Crispin 3,795 Santa Cruz 2,365

Barangay IV-B (Pob.) 463 San Cristobal 5,452 Santa Felomina 3,431

Barangay IV-C (Pob.) 820 San Diego 5,179 Santa Isabel 3,258

Barangay V-A (Pob.) 485 San Francisco 14,824 Sta Ma Magdalena 2,428

Barangay V-B (Pob.) 911 San Gabriel 7,800 Santa Veronica 1,540

Barangay V-C (Pob.) 473 San Gregorio 5,508 Santiago I 2,068

Barangay V-D (Pob.) 407 San Ignacio 4,534 Santiago II 3030

Barangay VI-A (Pob.) 497 San Isidro 3,527 Santisimo Rosario 4,528

Santo Niño 4,163 Atisan 1,225 Santa Maria 3,293

Soledad 2,476 Santa Elena 4,423 Santa Monica 7,266

Sto Angel 8774 Sto. Cristo 3,086

Total 248,890 Source: NSO, 2010

Figure 2.21 Map showing the boundaries of Sta. Cruz Sub-basin and the

Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed


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2.2.3.1 Commerce and Industry San Pablo City craves to synthesize business activities in the area especially

those small and medium enterprises with the support of San Pablo Chamber of Commerce formed in May 1999 and affliated with the PICC on September 29, 1999 which is a voluntary organization of businessmen and professionals who shares the common dream of a more vibrant economy for the city and its environs.

Commerce, trade, and services emerged rapidly in the city with the coming of

giant supermarkets such as SM Shopping Mall and Puregold Supermarket. The city’s public market popularly known as San Pablo Shopping Mall is located at the heart of the city which serves as the city’s business center. Adjacent to the SPC Shopping Mall is Me and City Department Store.

Table 2.8 Business Permits Issuance

Year 2010 2011 2012

Business Permits 4,698 4,898 6,206 Tricycle Franchise 4,839 6,172 6,238 Building Permit 388 314 261 Inspected Business 2,120 3,220 3,362 Closed Establishment 1 3 2 Complaints Responded 85 112 256 Special Permits 50 125 32

Source: Business Permits and Licensing Division, SPC 2.2.3.2 Agriculture

Indigenous farming practices and scientific techniques have maximized the productivity of San Pablo City’s 16,474.40 hectares of agricultural land by intercropping fruit trees like lanzones, rambutan, citrus, banana, coffee and perennial plants like pineapple, papaya, corn, rice and vegetables. Meanwhile, local products including delicacies from coconut are now gaining popularity as “pasalubong” like buko pies, macapuno sweets, and candies. One of the famous farms in the city is Ato Belen’s Farm in Barangay San Juan. It covers more than 15 hectares which is planted with more than 2,000 trees each of rambutan, lanzones, durian and papaya. The farm is also lined up with 800 aromatic coconuts. To maximize productivity, these high value crops are intercropped with vegetables such as lettuce, eggplant, okra, tomato, bell pepper, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, sitao, patola, upo among others, and condiments such as black pepper from India planted to seed beds made up of compost. Apart from high quality of farm inputs, visitors come to learn about farming techniques that not only lessen cost but also increases the quality of produce. 2.2.3.3 Infrastructure/Utilities/Facilities Road Network. San Pablo City at present has a total length of 277.78 km road network which connects all the rural and urban barangays and its neighboring municipalities. The national road has a total length of 24,344 km or 8.70% where 79.50% is concreted while 5.57% is asphalted.


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Bridges. There are 28 road bridges in the city which are well maintained. Load capacity ranges 5 to 20 tons. Most of these bridges are found in rural areas. The most recent road widening in the city was done at the Maharlika Highway along Barangay San Ignacio and Barangay San Rafael and the widening of the San Ignacio and San Rafael bridges which greatly ease out the flow of traffic going to Manila and vice-versa. Transport System. Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ) operate throughout the city and nearby town and cities. Public Utility Bus (PUB) such as provincial buses particularly from the southern part of Luzon and Visayas going to Metro Manila and vice versa, Public Utility Van (PUV) and FX transport are the most common means of transportation going to the city of Lipa, Batangas, Sta. Rosa City and vice versa. Tricycles totalling to 5,500 units with franchise or “Permit to Operate” are for travelling within the city or for shorter routes. There are also pedicabs or “padyak” that serve as means of transportation in some subdivisions. Power. Hundred percent of the total household power needs of the city is being served by the Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) thru the Botocan Hydropower Electric Plant which is looped with the Meralco grid through the Caliraya Hydro Power Plant of the National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR), PHILPODECO or the Philippine Power Development Corporation located in Barangays Sa Lorenzo and Sto. Angel provides additional source of electricity in the city. Water. The existing water supply sources of San Pablo City Water District consist of 8 springs, the Cabunsod, Malabanban, Lubigan, Malunod, Malamig, Balanga, Lagaslagasan and Baloc springs and six production wells located in Bgry. San Mateo (1), Sta. Catalina (1), San Marcos (2), SPC Central School (1) and San Pedro (1) with a total monthly rated production capacity of 1,904,310 cubic meters. 2.2.3.4 Solid Waste Management The sanitary landfill of San Pablo is the first government owned sanitary landfill in the CALABARZON area. It is situated in a 61,453 square meters government lot in Sitio Baloc, Barangay Sto. Nino which is approximately 7 kilometers from Maharlika Highway in Barangay San Ignacio. It has maximum daily capacity of 80 metric tons of solid waste. The City also has a Central Material Recovery Facility with total floor area of 1,050 square meters that process/segregate 10 metric tons of waste per hour. 2.2.3.5 Education San Pablo City is a center of education and learning with 63 public elementary and pre-elementary schools which are distributed in 7 districts, 85 Day Care Centers, 40 private pre-elementary, 14 public secondary schools, 21 private secondary schools, 6 tertiary schools, and 10 vocational schools and colleges. There is also the Paaralang Pag-ibig and Pag-asa, a public school for the special children, and the Saint Peter Seminary, an institution that provides training for the priesthood.


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Significant development in education in San Pablo City was the establishment of the Dalubhasaan ng Lungsod ng San Pablo (DLSP) which occurred during the term of Mayor Vicente Amante. It is situated in a 19 hectares government lot in Barangay San Jose consisting of 10 buildings with 81 rooms including administration building. This public collegiate school seeks to develop academic excellence, professional competence, social awareness, social upliftment and appreciation of Philippine heritage. The very first enrolment started on the last week of April and classes started on 02 July 1997 with 401 students and 21 faculty members. Today, DLSP has 1,399 students while its faculty members increased to 7 administrative personnel, 21 full time instructors and 21 part-time instructors. DLSP offers courses such as Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Elementary Education, Bachelor of Secondary Education, Hotel and Restaurant Management, Information Technology, and Technical Vocational Courses in Automotive Mechanics, Consumer Servicing, and Hardware Servicing. Another development in education is the establishment of San Pablo City Science High School, a science-oriented school for the city’s gifted students that was formally inaugurated on 25 August 2005 wherein the main objective is to give higher level of science-oriented education with no tuition fee to qualified students. There is also the national high school consisting of 1 building with 30 classrooms including administration office. 2.2.3.6 Health The city has both private and government tertiary care hospitals that are capable of addressing medical emergencies and most medical procedures. They are staffed with qualified medical practitioners that are well-versed in English as it is often used as a second language by most Filipinos. The doctors are graduates of many reputable medical schools in the country, with most of them even pursuing further studies and training in the United States. The nurses are likewise the products of credible Philippine nursing schools which had produced many Filipino nurses working in the US, Europe, the Middle East, and other parts of the world.

Table 2.9 List of hospitals in San Pablo

Hospital Location

1. Community General Hospital Colago Avenue 2. San Pablo District Hospital Gen. Luna Street 3. San Pablo Doctor’s Hospital Mabini Street 4. San Pablo College Medical Center Barangay San Rafael 5. Immaculate Concepcion Hospital P. Alcantara Street 6. St. Francis and Paul General Hospital Barangay San Francisco 7. San Pablo City General Hospital Barangay San Jose

The City established a new two-storey hospital in Barangay San Jose with a total ground floor area of 3,150.59 square meters and second floor area of 2,514.39 square meters. It is called San Pablo City General Hospital which was inaugurated on 22 April 2010. It started with a total of 77 employee including 6 doctors, 12 nurses, 6 midwives, 7 nurse attendants, and 120 volunteer nurses. It also has a complete Ancillary Services like laboratory, pharmacy and X-ray services.


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2.2.3.7 Communication and Media Modern communications systems enable San Pablo City to be in contact with the entire archipelago and the rest of the world with PLDT and Telecommunication Philippines, Direct Distance Dialing and International Direct Dialing, cellular phone services of Philtel, Smart, Sun Cellular, Red Mobile, Touch Mobile and Globe Communications as well as the convenience of telegraph firms. Wireless broad band for internet are provided by Smart, Globe and Sun Cellular. Wifi zones are accessible in most commercial areas. Telmarc and Celestron are local cable televisions that serve to supplement the broadcast and viewing pleasure of the residents and neighboring municipalities while local newspaper such as Laguna Bulletin, Wednesday Herald, Day Star, The Barangay, Laguna Courier, Laguna Express, The Morning Chronicle, Amihan, Kokus, Diretso Balita, Free Time Journal, Laguna Scope News, and Monthly Mail deliver the news weekly. It also has a competitive printing industry headed by three big printing presses – Seven Lakes Printing Press, Admana Printing Press and First Southern Tagalog Printhouse. 2.2.3.8 Peace and Order

The Police Headquarters, strategically located at the capitol site, Barangay V-A, with an area of 135 square meters, is the main police station. It is being supported by Police Community Precint (PCP) located at the City Shopping Mall within Barangay VI-E and PCP 2 along Thomas Dizon Ave., Dona Leonila Park at Barangay V-D. It is headed by a Police Superintendent with a total force of 5 officers and 62 PNCOs. It maintains its operational efficiency through the proportionate distribution and proper utilization of personnel based on the prevailing peace and order situation. The police station ratio as of 2009 is 1:3 with 246,055 inhabitants. The minimum standard police to population ratio, however is 1 policeman per 1,000 persons. Supporting the police force in terms of peace and order maintenance at the barangay level are 1,107 Barangay Tanods serving the 80 barangays in the city. Other agencies are 4 registered Security Agencies and PSAF under the City Traffic and Management Office.

2.2.3.9 Town Festivities and Attractions

Coconut Festival. San Pablo City hosts the Coconut Festival every year for a week in January, culminating on January 15. The city also holds street dancing competitions on the said week. San Pablo City boasts of the Seven Lakes, namely: Bunot, Pandin, Palapakin, Yambo, Mohicap, Calibato and Sampaloc of which the city is known for. In addition to these natural wonders, San Pablo also takes pride in conducting five different festivals depicting the life, culture and heritage of its people. Coconut is one of the main products of the city. To make the most of the Tree of Life, and to show the world the talents and ingenuity of the local townsfolk, the Coconut Festival came into existence. The festival started in January 1996 and is being held during the celebration of the city's patron saint, St. Paul the First Hermit, which falls every 15th of January. The week-long celebration features the beer plaza which is being done by closing the city's main thoroughfare from vehicles and installing food stalls and miniature restaurants with rock bands performing on make shift stages on different street corners.


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Cultural presentations featuring different schools, organizations, and barangays are scheduled every night and is dubbed as Cultural Extravaganza. One of the most awaited events during this celebration is the Coronation Ball of the Mutya ng San Pablo, a dinner dance and fashion show featuring the candidates in gowns and terno creations by local cotouriers. A Foodfair and Exhibit are also a part of the festivities where the water treasures of San Pablo are cooked in coconut milk. The highlight of the celebration is the Street Dancing or Mardi Gras where different schools compete in the beat of themed music and the participants donned in costumes decorated with materials made from coconut. This also includes the Parade of floats decorated with coconut materials as well. The parade passes along the main thoroughfare wherein houses and establishments are adorned and decorated with coconuts. The festival usually ended with the Display of Fireworks on the evening of the 15th, the day of the fiesta (Feast Day).

Rambutan Festival. Between the cool and rainy months of August and September, San Pablo’s roadsides and almost every backyard transform into patches of flaming red color, from one of the city’s sweet produce- the rambutan fruit. In 2008, husband and wife Jorge and Amor Bondad of Sitio de Amor Farm Resort started what the city now calls Rambutan Harvest Festival wherein guests and tourists are treated to the bucolic experience of picking the sweet juicy fruit and eating them right under the trees.

Tilapia May Festival. To celebrate and highlight the abundant blessings that the Tilapia fish has been giving San Pablo’s fisherfolks and stakeholders, the Tilapia May Festival was created. The festival started on 31 May 2005, and has been celebrated on the same day every year by the City Government of San Pablo in close cooperation with the Seven Lakes Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council (SLFARMC) and Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA). This one-day event revolves around the significance of the Tilapia in San Pablense culture. The activities include lake seeding of Tilapia fingerlings, Tilapia cooking contest, and the most anticipated balsa regatta race.

The City has 5 shopping malls and supermarkets with 39 foodshops/bars/restaurants. It has also 36 hotels and accommodations and 8 sports facilities located within and around the city. 2.2.4 Barangay Context

2.2.4.1 Location and land area Pandin Lake is located in Barangay Sto. Angel. It is situated in North-eastern portion of San Pablo City. The barangay has a rolling to undulating terrain. It is about 6.7 kilometers from the city proper. Barangay Sto. Angel has an area of about 528.23 hectares representing 2.47 percent of the total land area of the city. There are about 100 meters on both sides of the National Road along Barangay Sto. Angel which are classified as residential areas. Provincial Road going to Rizal, Laguna, northwards to the tourism circuit areas of Barangay Sto. Angel is


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allotted as forest zone. All other existing built-up areas or barangay sites are agricultural areas.

2.2.4.2 Population The total population of Barangay Sto. Angel is about 9,214 according to the 2013 Barangay Development Plan. The total number of household is 1,696. 2.2.4.3 Education A small semi-concrete building situated at the back of the barangay hall serves as the Day Care Center where Montessori ng Masa Program of the government is administered to care and prepare children aged 3-6 years to formal education. The public elementary school has four buildings consisting of 19 rooms including the Home Economics room, library, canteen, computer room, and the Principal’s Office. 2.2.4.4 Local Economy and Livelihood The most common agricultural products in the barangay are rice, corn, root crops and vegetables while fishermen catch fish at nearby lakes like Pandin, Yambo and Calibato Lakes. Common livestock and poultry people raised are swine, chicken, duck and goat. Some residents have garments and sari-sari stores. A huge number of professionals residing in this area consist of midwives, nurses, teachers and professors, businessmen, and employees in both private and government offices. Workers like carpenters, factory workers, tricycle operators and drivers, and common labourers serve as the backbone of human resources. There are also Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). 2.2.4.5 Social Services One or two babies are born every month. Very few deaths occur due to the presence of a doctor and midwife in the barangay. Pre-natal care results to few infants deaths. Family planning is also being practiced among couples through the support of the LGU midwives and health workers. 2.2.4.6 Tourism Facilities Pandin Lake and Calibato Lake are the tourist spots of the Barangay. In 2012, Lake Pandin recorded 12,108 tourists, 11,022 are local tourists while 246 are foreign tourists. The resorts in the area are Calibato Lake Resort, Cresta Monte Resort, Garden of Eden Resort, Countryside Resort, Boying Resort, and Riverside Resort. 2.2.4.7 Transportation The Barangay has concrete Provincial Road and more or less 3 km barangay road. There are two hanging bridges. The common means of transportation are


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jeepney and tricycle. Private cars, tricycles, motorcycles and scooters are also used as means of transportation of the residents. 2.2.4.8 Communication, Power and Potable Water Supply Almost all of the residents have electrical connection being served by MERALCO. Convenience in using landline telephones is enjoyed by residents through the services of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone, Philippine Telegraph and Telephone, and DIGITEL. Modern cellular phones are very common that even high school students have the luxury to own a unit. Daily news and current affairs are gathered through televisions, radios, and daily newspapers. Almost 95 percent of the household get water supply from the San Pablo City Water District, 5 percent from deep wells and artesian wells. 2.2.4.9 Peace and Order Barangay Sto. Angel is relatively peaceful, with minimal crime problem. The Barangay procured patrol car which is used to mobilize the Peace and Order Program of the Barangay Tanod. Some volunteers from the Guardians Brotherhood and the Barangay “Lupon ng Tagapamayapa” help in maintaining peace and order. 2.2.4.10 Religion There are various kinds of religions in the Barangay. The Roman Catholic dominates in number of population. Churches and chapels in the area are Born Again Chapel located at Purok 4, Catholic Chapel and Aglipayan located at Purok 3, Church of Chirst of Jesus Latter Day Saints located at National Housing Authority area.

2.3 Project Rationale

The Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan is envisioned to introduce livelihood and income-generating interventions for the stakeholders of Pandin Lake that will eventually help in protecting the lake. It derives its particular importance in view of the need to uplift the socio-economic condition of many residents in Barangay Sto. Angel. Moreover, the plan is a response to the need for mechanisms to ensure the sustainable management of Pandin Lake. Specifically, it addresses the following major concerns: Provision of livelihood opportunities that can sufficiently respond to the needs of the people; Attain financial sustainability for low average family income in the barangay; Maintain and improve the lake’s water quality and implement

programs/activities that will conserve the environment; Conserve biodiversity (flora and fauna); and Prevent encroachment to the lakeshore.


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3.0 Vision, Mission, Goals, Objectives and Activities 3.1 Vision

The Vision for Pandin Lake was crafted during a multi-sectoral workshop held on March 27-28, 2014 at the Tierra de Oro Hotel and Resort Conference Hall located in Barangay San Antonio I, San Pablo City. The workshop was facilitated by the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) together with Tanggol Kalikasan (TK). Below is the crafted vision stated in Filipino: “Ang tubig-kanlungan ng Lawa ng Pandin na may masaya at masiglang komunidad na tigib sa tradisyon at kultura, kaalaman sa kalikasang malinis, may masaganang pamumuhay sa ekoturismo at pangisdaan, may pagkakaisa at mabuting pamamalakad”.

3.2 Mission Correspondingly, the Mission Statement was also formulated during the workshop as hereunder stated in Filipino: “Saliksikin at dagdagan ang kaalaman, pangalagaan ang kalikasan, patatagin ang samahan at paunlarin ang kabuhayan sa Lawa ng Pandin para sa mga susunod na salinlahi” 3.3 Goals The DMP has seven goals which were synthesized and identified by the stakeholders of Lake Pandin. The following are the crafted goals presented in Filipino:

1. Bawat turista ay nasiyahan sa mga natutunan at naranasan sa lawa; 2. Mapanatili na Class C ang kalidad ng tubig sa lawa; 3. Matanman ang kagubatan ng namumulaklak at namumungang punongkahoy at maging prime tourist destination sa Laguna 4. Tumaas ang kita mula sa ekoturismo at tumaas ang antas ng

pamumuhay ng bawat miyembro ng samahan at ng kanilang pamilya;

5. Mapanatili ang kaayusan at katiwasayan sa lawa; 6. Mapanatili, maipasa/maipalaganap at maipagmalaki ang kultura at tradisyong “San Pableno”.

3.4 Project Description and Beneficiaries The primary beneficiaries of the project shall be the residents of Barangay Sto. Angel particularly those who will be involved in the operation of the Pandin


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Sustainable Ecotourism and the potential members of the soon to be created Pandin Development Cooperative.

3.5 Objectives

The objectives of each goal have also been identified in the consultative workshop conducted on May 6, 2014. Synthesized, these are: For Goal 1 Objective 1. Sa loob ng 2 taon, mayroong “knowledge center” na may sapat na pantustos para mapangalagaan at mapanatili ang center at may tagapamahala na may kakakayahang mangalap ng pondo at mag update ng mga datos. Objective 2. Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol sa halaman, hayop at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makakasagot sa lahat ng tanong ng mga turista at mga estudyante. Ang nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod:

Alamat ng coconut Alamat ng bawat isang lawa Alamat ng Pinya Pag-awit ng may gitara Cultural presentation(Santacruzan sa lawa na maging bahagi

ng Gawain ng “Cultural Heritage Center”)

Objective 3. Mapag-ibayo ang magandang serbisyo at pakikitungo sa mga turista For Goal 2 Objective 1. Sa loob ng dalawang (2) taon ay tukoy na ang lahat ng pinanggagalingan ng polusyon. Objective 2. Sa loob ng dalawang (2) taon may mamamayang may kakayanang magsuri ng kalidad ng tubig sa pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan. For Goal 3 Objective 1. Sa loob ng limang (5) taon ay makapagtanim sa dalawampu (20) ektayang lupa (4 na ektarya kada taon) ng mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim (species): namumulaklak/timber trees (narra, golden shower, fire tree); namumungang punongkahoy (durian, langka, guyabano, rambutan, lansones, macopa, yambo, mangga, bayabas-baguio); tabi ng lawa (bangkal at kawayan). For Goal 4 Objective 1. Dagdagan ng mga mapapaglibangan tulad ng paggawa ng eco-park (hal. Butterfly Garden, eco-trail) Objective 2. Magagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na pwedeng ipagbenta


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Objective 3. Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin Objective 4. Dagdagan ang mga kaalaman ng mga samahan

For Goal 5

Objective 1. Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at makapagpatupad ng ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa dumi ng lahat ng uri ng hayop, basura, kapayapaan at kaayusan at kaligtasan ng lokal na mamamayan at ng mga turista For Goal 6 Objective 1. Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural Heritage Center” kung saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang kultura, kasaysayan, at tradisyon ng mga San Pableño na maaaring maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod:

Alamat ng coconut Alamat ng bawat isang lawa Alamat ng Pinya Pag-awit ng may gitara

3.6 Activities

Goal 1 Objective 1 Activities:

1. Sa loob ng isang buwan, matapos at maaprubahan ang planong ito, bumuo ng grupo na maghahanap/tutukoy ng lugar kung saan itatayo ang “Knowledge Center (KC)” malapit sa Lawa ng Pandin

2. Makipag-ugnayan/koordinasyon ang Pandin FARMC, LGU at LLDA sa may ari ng lupa upang magkaroon ng kaukulang permiso/pahintulot na makapagtayo ng “knowledge center” malapit sa Pandin Lake.

3. Maitayo ang knowledge center na may supply ng kuryente (pwedeng solar), tubig, at mga kagamitan sa loob ng dalawang (2) taon.

4. Mangalap ng pondo/suporta mula samga public o private sources para sa pagpapatayo ng KC at pagkalap ng mga kagamitan para sa KC (projector set, tables and chairs, sound system, etc.) Fund Raising Activities: solicitation, palaro – paliga, karera ng balsa

5. Sa kalagitnaan ng pagtatayo ng KC, tukuyin na ang tao sa KC namamamahala (volunteer muna) napapayag na libre (pero may konting allowance) muna sa loob ng 1 taon


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Goal 2 Objective 1 Activity:

1. Magsagawa ng isang survey para tukuyin ang mga maaaring pinanggalingan ng polusyon ng lawa na isasagawa ng bubuoing committee. Ang Committee Composition ay ang mga sumusunod:LLDA, FARMC, LGU-SB (Sto. Angel), Tourism LGU, City ENRO

Objective 2 Activities:

1. Magbuo ng isang committee na magmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig na aprubado ng LLDA (mga simpleng monitoring parameters na pag-iisipan ng committee)

2. Magkaroon ng mga trainings at procurement ng mga simpleng testing kit para sa pagsusuri ng tubig.

3. Magsagawa ng buwanang pagmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig na isusumite sa ELRD ng LLDA

4. Ang resulta ng pagsusuri ng kalidad ng tubig na dapat maibigay sa lahat ng stakeholders ng lawa (resulta ng committee at regular na imo-monitor ng LLDA)

5. Humanap/humingi ng tulong (grants) para sa pagmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig

Goal 3 Objective 1 Activities: (Sa Unang Taon)

1. Alamin at magsagawa ng survey para malaman ang tinutukoy na 20 ektaryang na tataniman ng mga namumulaklak at namumungang punongkahoy.

2. Magkaroon ng pag-uusap sa mga nasasakupan ng 20 ektarya (sa mga pribadong nag mamay-ari)

3. Magsagawa ng pagsusuri ng lupa upang malaman ang mga suited na species na pananim (species site suitability study)

4. Magkaroon ng MOA signing sa mga pribadong may-ari ng mga lupain (detalye ng mga kasunduan ay lalamanin ng MOA) (Pangalawa hanggang Limang Taon)

5. Paghahanap ng mga pananim (posibleng panggalingan ng pananim – LLDA, DENR, LGUs, NGOs).

6. Pagtatatag ng mga nurseries para sa reforestation ng Pandin 7. Magkaroon ng pagpaplano ukol sa tamang pagtatanim (planting design,

spacing, species) 8. Actual na pagsasagawa ng tree planting. 9. Regular na pagmo-monitor ng mga naitanim na punongkahoy. 10. Pag-aralan kung paano ireresolba ang mga suliranin sa mga sakit ng mga

puno gaya ng “cocolisap”


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1. Pagtatalaga ng isa (o higit pa) na “fishcage” bilang lugar kung saan maaaring mamingwit ang mga turista (fishcage fishing)

2. Horseback riding mula sa parking area papunta sa Lawa ng Pandin (kalesa o paragos.) Note: Beautification of path towards Pandin Lake-more vegetation

3. Siguruhing ang regular maintenance ng mga bamboo raft/balsa 4. Maglagay ng hagdan mula sa Pandin Lake to view Yambo lake


1. Pagkakaroon ng isang herbal garden/healing garden na maaari ring pagkakitaan. 2. Pagbebenta ng cultured/indigenous oranamental plants at native products. 3. Pagtatayo ng food at fruit cart (kakanin in green packaging, walang junk foods).

Objective 3 Activities

1. Pamimigay ng leaflets/flyers bilang promosyon ng Eco-tourism ng Lawa ng Pandin 2. Promosyon ng Ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin sa mga telebisyon, radyo at pahayagan 3. Makipag-ugnayan sa DILG para sa Proyektong “Salintubig” upang magkaroon ng malinis na tubig inumin 4. Pag-aralan ang mga bukal bilang karagdagang pagkukunan ng inuming tubig.


1. Mabigyan ng dagdag kaalaman ang mga namamahala sa Lawa ng Pandin tungkol sa:

pagtu-tour guide First Aid/DRRM Food safety/proper handling / preparation Leadership/Gender sensitivity training Write shops on fund raising at iba pa

2. Makakuha ng dagdag na kagamitan para sa first aid 3. Makabuo ng Kooperatiba mula sa mga samahan


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1. Barangay General Assembly Public Consultation sa mga sumusunod:

Proposed Ordinances Pagtatapon ng basura at pagdumi ng mga hayop at tao sa tubig Pagbabawal ang Paggamit ng kuryente at lason sa pangingisda Easement Development at Right of Way Panuntunan para sa Kaligtasan o Public Safety Precaution Ordinansa para sa Cultural Heritage Program

2. Regular meeting ng mga samahang namamahala sa Lawa ng Pandin 3. Coordination (LGU, National Agencies at LLDA) 4. Information and Education Campaign sa mga Ordinansang ipapatupad at Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan 5. Bumuo at magsanay ng mga tagapagpatupad gaya ng Task Forces (Multi-Sectoral at Multi-Agencies Task Forces)


1. Formulation ng isang Cultural Heritage Program (CHP) lead by LGU 2. Coordination with DepEd, DOT, DPWH, DSWD and other relevant agencies to help implement the CHP 3. Production and distribution of IEC materials related to CHP


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4.0 Management and Development Strategies Analyses

4.1 Environmental Analysis The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is formulated as a result of the perceived impacts of the proposed activities in Pandin Lake. This chapter presents the EMP by component such as Physical Component (Land, Air, and Water), Biological Componet (Flora and Fauna), Socio-Cultural and Economic Component. The EMP matrix is consists of the following aspects: the perceived impacts, its mitigating measures, the responsible parties, and guarantees/ implementation. The impact areas are shown in Figure 4.1. These are (a) Pandin Lake itself, (b) area where the land-based facilities will be built, (c) reforestation area, and (d) Pandin’s entrance trail. The impacts presented in Table 4.3 will be identified using the matrix method where the impacts will be listed by environmental component, nature and possible sources of these impacts, significance, and magnitude. The impact assessment will be done qualitatively but quantification will be done if possible with the available data. Each listed impact will be screened and mitigation will be proposed for negative impacts.

Figure 4.1 Delineation of Areas


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4.1.1 Identification of Impacts

The impacts to the following components will be identified: (a) physical which includes air, water, and land environments, (b) biological environment composed of terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna, and (c) socio-economic and cultural components. The impacts were based on literature on ecotourism which was revised to apply to conditions and proposed activities in Pandin Lake. The perceived impacts are listed on Table 4.1. 4.1.2 Major Negative Impacts

The following are the perceived negative impacts on Pandin Lake and its watershed area: Table 4.1 Negative Impacts of Pandin Ecotourism by Environmental Component

Component Negative Impact

Physico-chemical Contamination and reduced clarity of lake water Demand for water supply Eutrophication and excessive algal growth Soil erosion Solid waste generation Air quality effects Generation of excessive sound levels

Biological

Decline of faunal species Decline of fish population Introduction of non-endemic aquatic species Habitat destruction/alteration Mechanical damage on vegetation

Socio-Cultural and Economic

Increasing crime rate Local Inflation Disruption of local social relationships Decreasing aesthetic value of the area Traffic issues

The biological effects especially at the lake are primarily caused by the physico-chemical impacts which are caused by the proposed developments and facilities in Pandin Microwatershed. Hence, the discussion of the impacts will focus on the physical component because it is expected that the mitigation of the negative impacts for this component will also mitigate the biological effects. 4.1.2.1 Contamination and Reduced Clarity of Lake Water This is the most significant impact to the Pandin Micro-watershed since the main attraction of the ecotourism project is Pandin Lake. Being a small and closed lake with no major river or stream feeding it, the lake is susceptible to water quality degradation from natural and anthropogenic sources. Contamination of lake water can come from the various activities of the project, such as, (a) kitchen wastes and washing, (b) sewage, (c) solid wastes, (d) excessive fish feeding, and (e) storm water runoff.


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Table 4.2 Identified Impacts by Environmental Component

Impacts Discussion Physical Component: Water Environment

(+) Improved water quality for drinking water Pandin operators may invest in chemical or mechanical treatment for water resources for the well-being of both eco-tourists and locals.

(-) Demand for water supply The project will require water for domestic uses (drinking, washing, flushing).

(-) Contamination and reduced clarity of lake water Contamination of lake water may come from the following sources: (a) runoff from trails and exposed soil areas, (b) sewage, (c) wash water from kitchen and toilet sinks, (d) solid wastes (plastic, wrappers, food pieces, etc., (e) urine and fecal matter from bathers, re-suspension of sediments in shallow portions of the lake, and (f) wastewater from shower/rest rooms.

(-) Eutrophication and excessive algal growth Algal blooms may be enhanced by direct input of soaps, detergents, and fecal material. Indirect inputs from septic tank overflows and continual feeding and baiting of fish.

Physical Component: Land Environment

(-) Soil erosion Soil erosion will be due to runoff during rains especially in steep areas around the lake. The following are sources of soil erosion: (a) Inappropriate quality of trails (e.g., trails do not follow natural contours of the landscape), (b) Hikers widen existing trails by creating shortcuts, (c) Plant removal, and (d) human related activities.

(-) Solid waste generation Solid wastes from the various project components are expected to increase.

Physical Component: Air Environment

(-) Air quality impacts Air residuals are expected to increase. Major sources include (a) motor vehicles, (b) fugitive dust, burning of non-biodegradable litter such as plastic bottles and bags, batteries and aerosol cans.

(-) Generation of excessive sound levels Increase in sound levels is especially expected. Sound generators include (a) motor vehicles, (b) public address systems, (c) sound systems, (d) shouting, laughter, or loud voices from tourists, and (e) standby generator.

Biological Component: Fauna

(+) Improved knowledge/data about animal distribution and behavior

Scientific research on terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna is expected to be enhanced due to increased public awareness. The financial gains of the project can be partly used for ecosystem conservation research.

(+) Locals promote the protection of wildlife The residents of Bgy. Sto. Angel will gain a better understanding on their biological resources.

(-) Decline of faunal species The presence of tourists may stress the faunal species of Pandin Lake.

(-) Habitat alteration The construction of the trail, and other facilities may alter the natural habitat of species.

(-) Fish decline at the lake Over-fishing by tourists

(-) Introduction of non-endemic aquatic species Tourists may bring non-native aquatic species and accidentally or intentionally release in to the lake.


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Table 4.2 Identified Impacts by Environmental Component (Cont’d.)

Impacts Discussion

Biological Component: Flora

(+) Improved knowledge/data about plant distributions and conditions Scientific research on plants will be enhanced due to increased public awareness and financial sources.

(+) Locals promote the protection of (native) flora The residents of Bgy. Sto. Angel will gain a better understanding of their biological resources.

(-) Habitat destruction/alteration The trail and construction of the facilities will involve clearing of some vegetation. Solid wastes may be thrown in vegetated areas traversed by the trails around the lake. Lake water may be contaminated by direct inputs from tourists such as solid and liquid wastes.

(-) Mechanical damage on vegetation Removal of branches, leaves, and flowers along the trails and driving of nails into tree trunks for signages.

Socio-cultural and Economic Component

(+) Increasing employment possibilities for locals The Ecotourism will create jobs for guides, managers, workers, etc. it will also enhance downstream businesses through tourist demands for food, accommodation, transportation, and souvenirs.

(+) Additional regional income Increased income of Bgy. Sto.Angel and San Pablo City as a whole from taxes.

(+) Improved education for young locals The project will depend on local guides which have to be trained on tourist interaction. This will result to improved general education and language skills.

(+) Improved healthcare The taxes derived from the Pandin Ecotourism can provide additional funds for the health facilities of Bgy. Sto. Angel.

(-) Increasing crime rate The presence of tourists may attract criminal elements to the area or local residents may be tempted to become criminals when confronted with rich tourists.

(-) Local Inflation Tourism demand (especially during peak seasons) may cause prices for labor, land and locally produced goods to increase.

(-) Seasonability of jobs The Pandin Ecotourism may succumb to seasonability (peak and low seasons).

(-) Disruption of local social relationships Jealousy among local residents due to uneven distribution of financial benefits derived from the Ecotourism.

(-) Decreasing aesthetic value of the area Environmental damages (lake water contamination, overcrowding, increasing infrastructure, solid waste management problems, traffic issues) may affect the aesthetic value of the lake.

(-) or (+) Increase in traffic The influx of tourists will increase traffic in Bgy. Sto. Angel and its environs. Traffic congestion may occur during peak seasons given the narrow provincial roads and narrow foot trails at the site.

Note: (-) indicates a negative impact; (+) indicates a positive impact


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4.1.2.2 Water Demand Demand for water in Pandin Lake is composed of drinking, washing, bathing, flushing, and other domestic uses including food preparation.

4.1.2.3 Eutrophication and Excessive Algal growth

Eutrophication is frequently a result of nutrient pollution from the release of sewage effluent into natural body of water such as lake. It promotes excessive plant growth and decay, favors certain weedy species over others, and is likely to cause severe reductions in water quality. In aquatic environments, enhanced growth of choking aquatic vegetation or phytoplankton disrupts normal functioning of the lake ecosystem, causing a variety of problems such as lack of oxygen in the water for aquatic species to survive. When a lake experiences an increase in nutrients, primary producers such as algae experience population increase. Algal blooms limit the sunlight available to bottom-dwelling organisms and cause wide swings in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. Under eutrophic conditions, dissolved oxygen greatly increases during the day, but is greatly reduced after dark by the respiring algae and by micro-organisms that feed on the increasing mass of dead algae. Phosphorus from sewage is often regarded as the main cause in cases of lake eutrophication. The concentration of algae and the trophic state of lakes correspond well to phosphorus levels in water. Sediment re-suspension events have also been shown to alter the concentration of dissolved phosphorus in shallow lakes with suspended solids acting either as sinks or a source. The following are the impacts of increased primary productivity in lakes: - Increased biomass of phytoplankton; - Toxic or inedible phytoplankton species; - Increases in blooms of gelatinous zooplankton; - Decreased biomass of benthic and epiphytic algae; - Changes in macrophyte species composition and biomass; - Decreases in water transparency (increased turbidity); - Color, smell, and water treatment problems; - Dissolved oxygen depletion leading to incidences of fish kills; - Loss of desirable fish species and reduction in harvestable fish; and - Decreases in perceived aesthetic value of the water body. 4.1.2.4 Soil Erosion

Site clearing activities and trail laying will expose the soil at the site and can be carried by runoff during heavy rains. This could result in increasing sediment loads to Pandin Lake. 4.1.2.5 Solid Waste Generation The project is expected to generate solid wastes from tourist activities. These are from the paper, glass, plastics, kitchen/food wastes, and organic, inorganic, and hazardous wastes.


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4.1.2.6 Air quality impacts Dust and gaseous emissions are the primary pollutants expected during construction phase. The primary sources of these will include site development, erection of structures, transportation and handling of construction raw materials, heavy equipment movement to and from the project site, and the use of temporary electricity generating facilities. Activities associated with site development are land clearing, drilling, and excavation. Changes in ambient air pollutant concentrations during construction are expected to be short-term and insignificant. The increase will mainly affect workers in and near the area of disturbance. The amount of airborne dust generation and gaseous by-products will be dependent on climate conditions and the intensity of construction activities. Air pollutant emissions during occupancy will come from the standby power generating set and motor vehicles of tourists. These are, however, expected to be insignificant and intermittent.

4.1.2.7 Generation of excessive sound levels

Excessive sounds coming from tourist activities include karaoke, singing at camps, loud talking, and shouting in trails. These sounds can disturb endemic avian species in their natural habitat.

4.1.3 Residual and Unavoidable Impacts Residual impacts refer to those that may remain even after the implementation of mitigating measures. Being an ecotourism project, the unavoidable impact would be an increase in population (tourists) at any given time translating to increases in resource demands and residual generation. Expected residual impacts are: a) Increase in air quality residuals (NEGATIVE) from domestic activities and

motor vehicles; b) Increase in traffic volume (NEGATIVE in terms of air quality, POSITIVE in

terms of economics); c) Increase wastewater generation (NEGATIVE); d) Increase in solid waste generation (NEGATIVE); and e) Increase in economic activities in the area (POSITIVE).


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4.1.4 Environmental Management Plan

Table 4.3 shows the proposed EMP for the negative impacts.

Table 4.3. Matrix of the Proposed Environmental Management Plan Impacts Mitigating Measures Responsible Parties Guarantees/Implementation

Environmental Attribute: Physical Component

Contamination and reduced clarity of lake water

Provision of three-chambered septic vaults for each toilet.

Provision of screens and grease traps in kitchen sinks.

Practice use of “dry cleaning” utensils and equipment to reduce organic loading of wash water

Provision of adequate storm drainage canals. Final outfall should be away from the lake if possible. If not, provision of sedimentation ponds for silt removal.

Continuous IEC for tourists on source and minimization of water pollution.

Operator of Pandin Ecotourism

Local government of Sto. Angel

POs and NGOs in Pandin

Pandin Ecotourism

Clean Water Act

Include in ECC conditions

Formulation of a Multi-partite Monitoring Team (if possible)

In addition to monitoring of water quality by LLDA, the Ecotoursim will conduct regular sampling (monthly at the minimum). The Ecotoursim will provide the required sampling equipment or hire a third party.

Minimum parameters will include BOD, TSS, pH, temperature, total coliform, oil and grease, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Demand for water supply Provision of adequate water supply storage and distribution system

Use of existing wells in the vicinity.

Encourage water re-use and recycling.

Operator of Pandin Ecotoursim

Pandin Ecotourism


NWRB Water Permit

Eutrophication and excessive algal growth

Use of detergents with low phosphorus content.

Avoid use of fertilizers in maintaining vegetation at activity sites.

Regular monitoring of algal growth at the lake

Operator of Pandin Ecotoursim

Local government of Sto. Angel

Ecotoursim Operator


Algal monitoring by LLDA


Monitoring by the LGU of San Pablo and Sto. Angel


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Table 4.3 Matrix of the Proposed Environmental Management Plan (Cont’d.) Impacts Mitigating Measures Responsible Parties Guarantees/Implementation

Soil erosion Minimize exposed soil areas

Provide drainage canals along trails to capture runoff

Minimal removal of vegetation along steep slopes

Planting of appropriate vegetation along exposed areas and steep slopes.

Pandin Ecotourism Operator




Solid waste generation Practice solid waste segregation

Formulate a solid waste management plan for Pandin

Continuous IEC of locals, tourists, and workers on proper solid waste practices

Pandin Ecotourism Operator LGU of San Pablo and Sto. Angel

RA 9003

Relevant ordinances of San Pablo and Bgy. Sto. Angel on solid waste management


Air quality effects Regular maintenance of generator sets

Provision of buffer zones in parking areas

Provision and maintenance of exhaust vents or chimneys for kitchens

Regular spraying of exposed soil areas with water


Clean Air Act


Generation of excessive sound levels

Installation of appropriate noise barriers in the Pandin eco-activities areas, and other facilities.

Continuous IEC for locals, tourists, guides, workers on noise pollution sources and prevention.


LGU of San Pablo and Sto. Angel


PD 984 (Pollution Control Law)

Environmental Attribute: Biological Component

Decline of faunal species Formulate and conduct continuous IEC on tourist behavior along sensitive areas.




Decline of fish population at the lake

Restrictions on fishing times and location

Replenishment of endemic fish stocks




Introduction of non-endemic aquatic species

Prohibit bringing of any live aquatic plant and animal.

Security checks in entrances.





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Impacts Mitigating Measures Responsible Parties Guarantees/Implementation

Habitat destruction/alteration Formulate protocols on tourist behavior in sensitive areas. Pandin Ecotourism Operator



Mechanical damage on vegetation

Formulate protocols on tourist behavior in sensitive areas. Pandin Ecotourism Operator



Environmental Attribute: Socio-Cultural and Economic Component

Increase in crime rate Provision of 24-hour security in activity areas Pandin Ecotourism Operator



Local Inflation Monitor price abuse by local business LGU of San Pablo and Sto. Angel


Disruption of local social relationships

Conduct IEC on tourist-locals relationships Pandin Ecotourism Operator



Decreasing aesthetic value of the area

Formulate and implement a monitoring and maintenance program for Pandin Ecotoursim




Increase in traffic Formulate and implement a traffic management plan LGU of San Pablo and Sto. Angel



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4.1.5 Discussion of Significant Mitigation Measures The significant impacts identified are generation of domestic wastewater and solid waste. Strategies for mitigating these impacts are discussed below. 4.1.5.1 Sewage Collection, Treatment, and Disposal

Domestic wastewater will be composed of two major streams: toilet and kitchen discharges. Toilet discharges will be collected and treated in septic vaults while kitchen wash water will be passed through sink screens and grease traps. There is, however, the issue of the efficiencies of the septic vault for treating sewage. This is the reason why a septic tank system has a land treatment component. This component is present by providing an overflow pipe in the last chamber of the septic vault where the partially treated overflow is drained onto the ground. The dissolved organic content and nutrients will be further stabilized by soil micro-organisms and plants. It is expected that the population of Barangay Sto. Angel will increase with the project’s implementation. Domestic wastewater will not only be generated by Pandin Sustainable Ecotoursim visitors but also by the residents. This scenario will generate the problem of treating sewage by these residents. Aside from providing individual septic vaults for the wastewater generated, one option is to install a small community sewage treatment facility.

4.1.5.2 Solid Waste Management Plan A SWMP is essential to address the solid waste generation impact of the Pandin Ecotourism. Basic components of a SWMP are: (a) SW generation and characterization, (b) Storage and collection systems, (c) Exploring SW disposal alternatives like Segregated Collection System, Materials Recovery Facility (MRF), and Composting. The formulation of the SWMP should conform to the provisions of RA 9003. 4.1.6 Indicative Costs of EMP Providing accurate costs at this point for the EMP is difficult because some are part of the construction costs and others are part of operational expenses. The following matrix shows the phase and source of costing for the recommended mitigation measures.


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Table 4.4 Possible Cost Estimates for EMP Implementation Impacts Mitigating Measures Source of Costing

Contamination and reduced clarity of lake water

Provision of three-chamber septic vaults for each toilet.

Provision of screens and grease traps in kitchen sinks.

Practice use of “dry cleaning” restaurant utensils and equipment to reduce organic loading of wash water

Provision of adequate storm drainage canals. Final outfall should be away from the lake as if possible, if not, provision of sedimentation ponds for silt removal.

Continuous IEC for tourist on source and minimization of water pollution.

Construction contractor


Pandin Ecotoursim Operation cost



Demand for water supply Provision of adequate water supply storage and distribution system

Use of existing wells in the vicinity.

Encourage water re-use and recycling.


Eutrophication and excessive algal growth

Use of detergents with low phosphorus content.

Avoid use of fertilizers in maintaining vegetation at activity sites.

Regular monitoring of algal growth at the lake


Soil erosion Minimize exposed soil areas

Provide drainage canals along trails to capture runoff

Minimal removal of vegetation along steep slopes

Planting of appropriate vegetation along exposed areas and steep slopes.





Solid waste generation Practice solid waste segregation

Formulate a solid waste management plan for Pandin Ecotourism

Continuous IEC of locals, tourists, and workers on proper solid waste practices


Air quality effects Regular maintenance of the generator set

Provision of buffer zones in parking areas

Provision and maintenance of exhaust vents or chimneys for kitchens

Regular spraying of exposed soil areas with water





Generation of excessive sound levels

Installation of appropriate noise barriers in the Pandin eco-activities areas, and other facilities.

Continuous IEC for locals, tourists, guides, workers on noise pollution sources and prevention.



Decline of faunal species Formulate and conduct continuous IEC on tourist behavior along sensitive areas.


Decline of fish population at the lake

Restrictions on fishing times and location

Replenishment of endemic fish stocks


Introduction of non-endemic aquatic species

Prohibit bringing of any live aquatic plant and animal.

Security checks in entrances.


Habitat destruction/alteration

Formulate protocols on tourist behavior in sensitive areas.



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Impacts Mitigating Measures Source of Costing

Mechanical damage on vegetation

Formulate protocols on tourist behavior in sensitive areas.


Increase in crime rate Provision of 24-hour security in activity areas Pandin Ecotoursim Operation cost

Local Inflation Monitor price abuse by local business Pandin Ecotoursim Operation cost

Disruption of local social relationships

Conduct IEC on tourist-locals relationships Pandin Ecotoursim Operation cost

Decreasing aesthetic value of the area

Formulate and implement a monitoring and maintenance program for the Pandin Ecotourism


Increase in traffic Formulate and implement a traffic management plan


4.2 Social Analysis 4.2.1 Stakeholder Mapping

Individuals and groups who have relative influence in future tourism activities at Pandin Lake were identified. Identification was based on the prevailing institutional arrangements regarding Pandin Lake as well as on the ascertainment of those who may possibly be impacted by the Management and Development Plans. The identification of stakeholders was done in consultation with the key actors in Pandin Lake such as the LLDA, Barangay LGU, Pandin FARMC and City LGU. Table 4.5 presents the identification of the stakeholders, summary of their stakes and rating of the possible impact of future ecotourism developments on them. Table 4.5 Pandin Lake Stakeholders

Stakeholder Stake Potential Impact

Laguna Lake Development Authority

Overall management and regulatory control over Pandin Lake. High

San Pablo City LGU General supervision and control over all programs, projects, services and activities of the City; facilitates formulation of municipal ordinances in relation to tourism and the environment; facilitates tourism programs, projects, services and activities of the municipality.

High

LGU Sto Angel Responsible for all programs, projects, services and activities of the barangay where Pandin Lake is located

High

Pandin FARMC

Pandin Lake monitoring body as well as recommendatory body to LLDA

High

Individual owners of properties on the shores of Pandin Lake

Property rights over land along the lakeshore High

Business Sector of Pandin Business and investment opportunities from Pandin Lake Medium

Youth Representative (SK) Benefits and opportunities from existing state of Pandin Lake shall be passed on to future generations

Medium

Women’s Group Representative

Equal opportunities in all programs, projects, services and activities in Pandin Lake

Medium

Informal Settlers Resettlement and livelihood Medium

Religious Sector Protection and preservation of religious beliefs and moral values

Medium


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Stakeholder Stake Potential Impact

NGO operating in Pandin Provision of skills training, information and education campaign and assistance in monitoring in the community surrounding Pandin Lake

Low

DA – BFAR Potential of Pandin Lake for fishery and aquatic resource development

Low

Notes: 1. High Impact – has formal power invested in a position of authority actively participating in policy formation 2. Medium Impact – has social power of being able to persuade others to support or oppose the change 3. Low Impact – has no concrete power over changes but provides assistance on activities that they may

choose to support Stakeholders can be classified as community stakeholders and institutional stakeholders. An assessment of their readiness for ecotourism developments is provided in the following sections. This was done through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) in order to assess their awareness, attitudes, apprehensions, available skills and levels of support on ecotourism activities. The issues and perceptions of the stakeholders which have been identified from the KIIs and FGDs shall serve as baseline information for identifying the type and magnitude of intervention or future strategies for ecotourism development. This shall ensure that the new developments that will be undertaken have the utmost support and participation of all the stakeholders. 4.2.2 Social Assessment

Social assessment revolves around the readiness of community members to (1) partake of employment opportunities; (2) engage in ecotourism-related entrepreneurial activities; and (3) actively participate in ecotourism activities, particularly for womenfolk. 4.2.2.1 Readiness for Employment

The participants have expressed their readiness to be employed in ecotourism related activities and projects. The community is reportedly equipped with skills in housekeeping, cooking, carpentry and other such services. Community members reported that they have already been trained in the services sector to enhance their chances of being employed in related establishments outside the barangay. They also reported having received other livelihood training from government agencies. 4.2.2.2 Readiness to Engage in Entrepreneurial Activities

Inasmuch as the participants are very much willing to engage in ecotourism-related businesses such as catering, souvenir making and the like, they lack the funds and the proper training to establish such businesses. In line with this, the participants have raised the idea of creating a cooperative for the different organizations in the barangay. According to them, the cooperative would not only distribute economic benefits to more people, it can also make it easier to oversee the management and operation of the community’s businesses.


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4.2.2.3 Readiness of Womenfolk to Actively Participate

FGD participants were unanimous in the observation that the women of Pandin

are prepared to assume roles toward the development of ecotourism. They believe that the community will benefit much if the lake is developed. The women emphasized their willingness to be involved in any project or undertaking that is asked of them and stressed the convenience of the proximity of their workplace to their homes. It is important to the women respondents to be near their children to have the opportunity to attend to them immediately after working hours or during breaks.

Women are also willing as they are currently involved with, to take on jobs as

usherettes, tourist guides, cultural dancers, cooks and room keepers and could also specialize in pasalubong, handicrafts and souvenir making. They may also specialize in promotional and marketing activities to attract tourists to the place. To further improve their efficiency, they also expressed the need for sufficient skills training. 4.2.2.4 Encroaching Structures Some of the private properties have obviously encroached into the lake’s 20-meter easement. It is thus essential to have a boundary survey undertaken to establish the metes and bounds of the Pandin Micro-watershed. Encroaching structures shall be ordered to be removed by San Pablo City LGU, in coordination with Sto. Angel LGU. Nonetheless, interviews with the residents indicate that the private landowners should be consulted as to willingness to be involved in joint venture projects for the development of the lake.

4.3 Policy Reviews and Analysis for the Seven Crater Lakes

The seven maar lakes in San Pablo City have an interesting geological history not explored in the ecotourism boom that arose in the last five to ten years. Aside from access issues, the policy environment is not too complicated or difficult, unlike many other areas in the country. However, multiple uses that are seen to compete with each other as well as the perceived social strata of the competing users complicate the issues. This study will look into three major policy areas and explore the potential of both threat and opportunity for the conservation and maximum enjoyment of this lake by its users and visitors. These policy areas include the resource rights and access scenarios, the laws governing the maintenance of environmental quality including standards and restrictions, the governing authority and jurisdictional disputes. While the policy environment can be quite complicated, this study will focus only on the issues that are likely to come up in the Seven Lakes, both in relation between and among community members or with visitors and with government. One of the main issues of lake management is the overlap of jurisdictions over the lake basin, none of which correspond to the boundaries of the basin itself. This policy study is limited to the policy issues surrounding current problems in the Seven Lakes and cannot hope to cover nor resolve those that the legal department of the Laguna Lake Development Authority faces every day. While it does consider LLDA issuances and resolutions, it assumes that these are flexible


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enough to accommodate ideas that may help to conserve and protect the Seven Lakes and if not, that they are susceptible to modification, amendment or repeal.

4.3.1 Social Assessment

4.3.1.1 Resource Rights and Access

4.3.1.1.1 Fisheries

The types of fisheries that are possible in some of the seven lakes are catch fisheries and aquaculture. There is little by way of regulation needed for catch fisherfolk, artisanal fishers for whom the Constitution itself reserves our waters. The only policy consideration is the process of their registration in order to identify them and provide the necessary programs and support for them as well as assess sustainable yields, if necessary. Aquaculture, on the other hand, is a policy and management puzzle. Republic Act 8550 or the Fisheries Code specifically states the following: Section 45. Disposition of Public Lands for Fishery Purposes. - Public lands such as tidal swamps, mangroves, marshes, foreshore lands and ponds suitable for fishery operations shall not be disposed or alienated. Upon effectivity of this Code, FLA may be issued for public lands that may be declared available for fishpond development primarily to qualified fisherfolk cooperatives/associations: Provided, however, That upon the expiration of existing FLAs the current lessees shall be given priority and be entitled to an extension of twenty-five (25) years in the utilization of their respective leased areas. Thereafter, such FLAs shall be granted to any Filipino citizen with preference, primarily to qualified fisherfolk cooperatives/associations as well as small and medium enterprises as defined under Republic Act No. 8289: Provided, further, That the Department shall declare as reservation, portions of available public lands certified as suitable for fishpond purposes for fish sanctuary, conservation, and ecological purposes: Provided, finally, That two (2) years after the approval of this Act, no fish pens or fish cages or fish traps shall be allowed in lakes. On the other hand, just six provisions later, Section 51 seems to contradict this absolute ban by allotting up to 10% of the surface area of all lakes and rivers for aquaculture but stating that stocking and feeding should follow carrying capacity. Section 51. License to Operate Fish Pens, Fish Cages, Fish Traps and Other Structures for the Culture of Fish and Other Fishery Products. - Fish pens, fish cages, fish traps and other structures for the culture of fish and other fishery products shall be constructed and shall operate only within established zones duly designated by LGUs in consultation with the FARMCs concerned consistent with national fisheries policies after the corresponding licenses thereof have been secured. The area to be utilized for this purpose for individual person shall be determined by the LGUs in consultation with the concerned FARMC: Provided, however, That not over ten percent (10%) of the suitable water surface area of all lakes and rivers shall be allotted for


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aquaculture purposes like fish pens, fish cages and fish traps; and the stocking density and feeding requirement which shall be controlled and determined by its carrying capacity: Provided, further, That fish pens and fish cages located outside municipal waters shall be constructed and operated only within fish pen and fish cage belts designated by the Department and after corresponding licenses therefore have been secured and the fees thereof paid. If the carrying capacity is determined by biomass, dividing that by the usual stocking density might result in well under 10% surface area covered by cages. To meet these requirements and still cover ten percent, density should be reduced drastically. Such reduction of surface area percentage with severe stocking restriction might not make the construction of aquaculture structures worthwhile, hence reducing the surface area covered should instead be followed with the recommended stocking density. The issue remains that the two provisions seem opposite in intent. This very matter is currently pending before the Court of Appeals under the Writ of Kalikasan issued by the Supreme Court. While a Continuing Mandamus was issued by the Court of Appeals, directing parties to agree and follow the rules, there has been no ruling resolving the issue of whether the 10% and the total prohibition should be harmonized. If policy is to follow science, however, the determination of carrying capacity would be critical in obtaining the optimum biomass of fish to be raised in any of the lakes and this would then be apportioned to the number and size of aquaculture structures to be allowed. It would seem that current allocations are based on legal rather than scientific considerations. If 10% is going to be followed without such a carrying capacity study, it should be with a proviso that what will be issued under the 10% requirement are privileges that can be revoked if it is later found once carrying capacity is established that the surface area allowed would exceed the former. Stocking densities and feeding must also be considered and the biomass of excess feed added to the equation. The abiotic elements of the basins of each of the lakes and their exploitation will also have a profound impact on the ecosystem of the lakes. Any form of extraction or harvesting of soil, water, gravel, or any other non-living element of the ecosystem would need to be under a regulatory regime that takes into consideration impacts on a micro scale. National laws and regulations take into account multiple ecosystems and may not be sufficient to protect micro-habitats.

4.3.1.1.2 Land Rights

Ownership under the civil code is the same as “title”. Common understanding that title is a piece of paper that is evidence of ownership is a mistaken assumption. The document “Original Certificate of Title” shows that the document is the certificate and what the certificate proves is title or ownership. Hence common parlance should slowly adapt to the notion that title may vest even without such a document or more precisely prior to the issuance of proof thereof. The system of proving ownership with certificates common to all is also called the Torrens title system, in which such a document is considered indefatigable and indefeasible proof of ownership.


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Ownership of the basin is characterized as mostly A&D with some privately titled lands. It must also be understood that even if land is classified as A&D, it may already have passed into private ownership, not because of a tax declaration but through extraordinary prescription – the passage of 30 years of open, continuous, exclusive and notorious possession, using the acronym OCEN. This type of ownership recognized by Commonwealth Act 141 arises right on the day the 30 years of such possession lapses as long as those conditions were present during those 30 years.

Sec.44. Any natural-born citizen of the Philippines who is not the owner of more than twelve (12) hectares and who, for at least thirty (30) years prior to the effectivity of this amendatory Act, has continuously occupied and cultivated, either by himself or through his predecessors-in-interest a tract or tracts of agricultural public lands subject to disposition, who shall have paid the real estate tax thereon while the same has not been occupied by any person shall be entitled, under the provisions of this Chapter, to have a free patent issued to him for such tract or tracts of such land not to exceed twelve (12) hectares. (CA 141 as amended by RA 6940.)

4.3.1.1.2.1 Easements

Contrary to what many believe, river banks and the banks of lakes are not necessarily public property. They may have been previously declared alienable and disposable and registered through the Torrens title system. However, as a restriction of such title, the law provides that a portion of the banks of rivers and streams, lakes and coastlines remain clear of permanent structures for use as animal towpath. Easement of public use under the Water Code covers the situation in the Seven Lakes:

Article 51. The banks of rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and forty (40) meters in forest areas, along their margins are subject to the easement of public use in the interest of recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage. No person shall be allowed to stay in this zone longer than what is necessary for recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing or salvage or to build structures of any kind.

It is safe to assume that for purposes of recreation, 20 meters of the banks of each lake would be free from occupancy or structures of any kind and shall only be so occupied for the purposes stated.


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The provision above, however, may not cover the means by which people access the lakes. The Civil Code of the Philippines characterizes easements as:

Art. 613. An easement or servitude is an encumbrance imposed upon an immovable for the benefit of another immovable belonging to a different owner.

The immovable in favor of which the easement is established is called the dominant estate; that which is subject thereto, the servient estate.

In simple terms, it is a restriction on the use of one real property, whether land or building, that benefits another person’s land or building. The clearest example which may be applicable to the Seven Lakes is the easement relating to waters which states that:

Lower estates are obliged to receive the waters which naturally and without the intervention of man descend from the higher estates, as well as the stones or earth which they carry with them.

This simply means that by law, the owner of a lower piece of land cannot simply build a wall that would prevent all water and rocks and soil from going downstream.

Furthermore,

Compulsory easements for drawing water or for watering animals can be imposed only for reasons of public use in favor of a town or village, after payment of the proper indemnity.

In other words, the owner of land that is required to be used or has been used for these purposes by the community has to allow such use but with payment of proper indemnity. It needs to be noted that proper indemnity is different from fair market value, which is what is required to be paid in expropriation proceedings.

Three other types of easements are discussed here. To distinguish them from one another it is also useful to know that they may be established by law, automatically restricting the use of private property whether it is annotated in their Torrens title or not, or by agreement between the owners of the dominant and servient estates.

Art. 619. Easements are established either by law or by the will of the owners. The former are called legal and the latter voluntary easements.

Easements established by law are considered written into the certificates of title whereas voluntary easements cannot prejudice third parties if they are not reflected in the title of the servient estates. When, as in Sampaloc Lake, the area that should be dedicated as easement is occupied by a road, it can be argued that it serves the


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necessary purpose to keep the area public. However, other ecosystem services that natural coastlines provide could be lost. As such, it is necessary to look at these ecosystem services and ensure that they are artificially created in order to ensure the health of the lake and the surrounding areas.

4.3.1.1.2.2 Right of Way

An easement of right of way is established with payment of proper indemnity except if the need for it was due to the acts of the owner of the servient estate. Otherwise, the provisions on easement of right of way clearly state the amount of indemnity to be paid:

The owner, or any person who by virtue of a real right may cultivate or use any immovable, which is surrounded by other immovables pertaining to other persons and without adequate outlet to a public highway, is entitled to demand a right of way through the neighboring estates, after payment of the proper indemnity.

Should this easement be established in such a manner that its use may be continuous for all the needs of the dominant estate, establishing a permanent passage, the indemnity shall consist of the value of the land occupied and the amount of the damage caused to the servient estate.

All waters are owned by the State (PD 1067). If the dominant estate is the lake itself, which is owned by the State under the water code, the State will have to indemnify the owner of the servient estate for the passage of tourists in the amount stated.

4.3.1.1.2.3 Water Right The Water Code includes the following principles:

a) All waters belong to the State. b) All waters that belong to the State cannot be the subject to

acquisitive prescription. c) The State may allow the use or development of waters by

administrative concession. d) The utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and

protection of water resources shall be subject to the control and regulation of the government through the National Water Resources Council, hereinafter referred to as the Council.

e) Preference in the use and development of waters shall consider current usages and be responsive to the changing needs of the country.

Based on these principles, a water right is required for the use of all waters including that of surface waters, with the exception of “igib” or sourcing water in hand carried receptacles and for bathing or washing, watering or dipping of domestic or farm animals, and navigation of watercrafts or transportation of logs and other objects by flotation. PD 927 gives the power to grant water rights to the LLDA. However, it can


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still be covered by the 2011 issuance of the EMB that even very small piggeries require a discharge permit. And in determining priority in the granting of rights for the use of water, an issue that will be critical if fresh water continues to be threatened by pollution, the Water Code has this list of prioritization and conditions: - Only citizens of the Philippines, of legal age, as well as juridical

persons, who are duly qualified by law to exploit and develop water resources, may apply for water permits (Art 15)

- In considering applications, NWRB has to decide based on protests filed, if any; prior permits granted; the availability of water; the water supply need for beneficial use; possible adverse effects; land-use economics; and other relevant factors. (Art 16)

- Between two or more appropriation of water from the same sources of supply, priority in time of appropriation shall give the better right, except that in times of emergency the use of water for domestic and municipal purposes shall have a better right over all other uses; Provided, That where water shortage is recurrent and the appropriator for municipal use has a lower priority in time of appropriation, then it shall be his duty to find an alternative source of supply in accordance with conditions prescribed by the NWRB (Art 22)

4.3.2 Environmental Quality

4.3.2.1 LLDA Clearance

The LLDA clearance already covers a substantial part of what will be reviewed in terms of the environmental impacts of a project or activity within the region. As such, it will not be dealt with substantially here.

4.3.2.1.1 EIA System

PD 1151 expounded on by PD 1586 continue to cover the EIA system of the Philippines and except for mentions of the system that affected coverage in the past three and a half decades, virtually nothing has changed in the content of the statute that established it. The EIA system covers the Seven Lakes by virtue of their being a tourist attraction. What used to be Office Order No. 3 governing coverage is now incorporated in DAO 30, 2003 which are the guidelines for the EIA system which consolidates, systematizes and streamlines the process.

It is critical to note that an important provision of the EIA system that is based on statute is the requirement of content. However, much regulations of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources require in terms of content of the IES, they would have to yield to the statutory basis of such regulations, PD 1151 Section 4 of which require the content to be:

Section 4. Environmental Impact Statements. Pursuant to the above enunciated policies and goals, all agencies and instrumentalities of the national government, including government-owned or controlled corporations, as well as private corporations firms and entities shall prepare, file


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and include in every action, project or undertaking which significantly affects the quality of the environment a detail statement on: a) the environmental impact of the proposed action,

project or undertaking b) any adverse environmental effect which cannot be

avoided should the proposal be implemented; c) alternative to the proposed action; d) a determination that the short-term uses of the

resources of the environment are consistent with the maintenance and enhancement of the long-term productivity of the same; and

e) Whenever a proposal involves the use of depletable or non-renewable resources, a finding must be made that such use and commitment are warranted.

Before an environmental impact statement is issued by a lead agency, all agencies having jurisdiction over, or special expertise on, the subject matter involved shall comment on the draft environmental impact statement made by the lead agency within thirty (30) days from receipt of the same.

As such, a developer would need to include alternatives in the EIA for the reviewers to better appreciate if the project has been painstakingly studied to cause the least possible damage to the environment.

4.3.2.1.2 Water Quality

Retaining acceptable water quality in the lakes would depend on multiple factors and the limiting factor, the one which needs to be closely watched, is determined not only by why it has the highest deviation against the standard in the water body but also the source of threat. Level of threat is also affected by the residence time of the water as well as the streamflows of any inlets or outlets. The limiting factors can also vary among different users. Fishcage owners, for example, would not need water quality readings that are so high as to enable the water to be potable whereas recreational users may look more closely at E.Coli levels than other parameters.

DAO 34 and 35, both issued in 1990, remain to be the water quality and classification parameters and standards but the framework and remedies have been changed by the Clean Water Act (CWA). The main features of the CWA relevant to the Seven Lakes and the current threats faced there are as follows: (1) requirements for a ten year plan; (2) Requiring wastewater discharge permits and charging based on pollution loads and (3) apportioning roles. The LLDA serves as the Water Quality Management Area (WQMA) of the lake basin.


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Because there seems to be no heavy industries draining into any of the lakes, the main threats that are perceived which require policy analysis and intervention are probably domestic wastes, aquaculture (which was discussed in the previous section) and agricultural run-off. Wastewater discharge permits for the seven lakes are also granted by the LLDA. Until the conditions are obtaining for water treatment plants for general public use, septic tanks are currently the only means by which domestic wastewater is treated. Since it is merely primary treatment and it ceases to fulfill its function if not desludged every 3-5 years, it needs to be recognized that (1) sewerage systems with septic tank outflow interceptors and wastewater treatment plants are necessities and should be aimed for in the ten year plan and seriously pursued; and (2) in the meantime, (a) there needs to be strict implementation of the building code in terms of sanitation; (b) an ordinance that requires septic tanks, their desludging every three to five years and outflow interceptors that would at least divert wastewater from the lakes and streams. Lastly, local level water quality efforts need to be undertaken by the sanitation officials in order to supplement the efforts of the national government to implement the discharge systems. 4.3.2.1.3 Solid Waste And end-of-pipe approach to solid waste as a problem in the seven lakes would lead a manager to conclude that it is not yet a main threat as it is not used as a major or regular dumping ground of wastes. However, when one looks at the beginning of the pipe, the manufacturing process that creates goods with hardly a regulatory framework to issues of packaging and disposal, and the consumption patterns of the population in general, we can only conclude that cumulatively, it will be a problem in the seven lakes in the long term, whether as a major component of run-off or in other ways such as acid rain from burning trash. With only 20% compliance with RA 9003, the atmosphere has been relaxed in terms of implementation but the real payback comes when it is too late and the necessity is to remediate instead of prevent. As such, it is important to bear in mind that in assessing relevant policy for the seven lakes, segregation at source, recycling and composting programs are key and the spending of any funds for solid waste should be directed towards these goals rather than other end of pipe, such as the mechanical or technical fixes being offered to local chief executives and councils nationwide. A water regime that focuses on domestic sewage rather than LLDA’s focus on industries over which it already has a high level of competence, needs to be developed and implementers identified, capacities improved. Solid waste solutions must leapfrog to source management and end of pipe management especially for the seven lakes should be minimal. As to aquaculture, policies that are crafted out of both scientific research results negotiated with stakeholders have to take precedence over legal considerations, bearing in mind that newer resolutions can only be stricter instead of lighter than national laws.


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The future for the seven lakes are a clear jurisdictional apportionment of power and responsibility, with the local government taking on the regulation of smaller scale industries and those environmental impact aspects not yet dealt with by the LLDA, and approval and encouragement of projects that would highlight the unique features of each lake.


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5.0 Management and Implementation Strategies

5.1 Sustainability Plan 5.1.1 Institutional Arrangement 5.1.1.1 Institutional Structure The proposed institutional arrangement brings to fore the community-oriented nature of eco-tourism participation in the development of sustainable projects. Since, part of the activities of the management plan is to develop a Pandin Development Cooperative, the existing institutional structure will play important roles in the implementation of the Development and Management Plan. The three main players identified are the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), the City Government of San Pablo and the Pandin Lakewide Fishery and Aquatic Resources Management Council (FARMC).

The LLDA being the initiator/convenor of the planning process leading to the formulation of DMP is the overall overseer during plan implementation; the City Government of San Pablo is the recipient of the Plan and the Pandin Lakewide FARMC consisting of women’s group, barangay council, and fisherman as the designated implementer of the DMP. Since much of the tasks and responsibilities are in the shoulder of the Pandin Lakewide FARMC, the institutional structure further provides the creation of specific committees under the Lakewide FARMC. The committees are created based on the identified goals, objectivives and activities of the DMP. The committees identified are Sustainable Ecotourism, Health and Environment, Resource Generation, Training and Capacity Building and Peace and Order. The three-tiered institutional structure is presented below:

Figure 5.1 Organizational structure of the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism


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Through the committees, there will be clear delineation of responsibilities among FARMC members. The Committees shall be under and will report to the Executive Committee composed of the imcumbent officers of Pandin Lakewide FARMC. The roles of each institutional participant are defined below:

5.1.1.1.1 Roles of Institutional Participants

5.1.1.1.1.1 LLDA

- Vested with management rights over the Pandin Sustainale Ecotourism (PSE)

- Shall perform its basic mandates within the PSE to include, but not limited to, the following: a. Exercise overall regulatory control over PSE and enforce

the same b. Coordinate development, operation and management

matters among the various partners c. Provide advice on development planning and management d. Assist in the generation of capital funds e. Assist in developing marketing, business and capacity

building networks f. Exercise water rights g. Regular water quality monitoring h. Conduct annual lake seeding i. Monitor the implementation of programs, projects, and

activities stipulated in the DMP

5.1.1.1.1.2 City Government of San Pablo

- Vested with co-management rights over the Pandin Sustainale Ecotourism (PSE)

- Shall perform its basic mandates within the PSE to include, but not limited to the following: a. Exercise overall regulatory control over PSE and enforce

the same b. Coordinate development, operation and management

matters among the various partners c. Provide advice on development planning and management d. Provision of capital funds for the ecotourism projects e. Assist in developing marketing, business and capacity

building networks f. Monitor the implementation of programs, projects, and

activities stipulated in the DMP

5.1.1.1.1.3 Pandin Lakewide FARMC

a. Implement project and activities prescribed in DMP for Lake Pandin

b. Implement policies promulgated by the LLDA, City of San Pablo LGUs and Sto. Angel


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c. Recommend actions and policies for consideration of LLDA d. Generate funds for the development and operation of the

PSE e. May opt to engage sub-developers subject to the

concurrence of the LLDA and City of San Pablo f. Sponsor training activities to enhance the member-

residents’ employment and business opportunities in the PSE

To delineate tasks and responsibilities among members of the Lakewide FARMC, the following are the functions/roles of the committees formed based on the set objectives and activities of the DMP:

o Ecotourism Committee- shall be responsible in the

implementation of ecotourism programs, projects, and activities stipulated in the Pandin Lake DMP

o Health and Environment Committee- shall take the lead in implementing programs, projects, and activities for the conservation, protection, and restoration Pandin of Lake and its watershed

o Resource Generation Committee- shall be responsible for fund raising and providing logistical support for all the activities of Pandin Lake DMP

o Capacity Building Committee- shall identify training needs and provide capacity building activities for the stakeholders involve in the implementation of Pandin Lake DMP

o Peace and Order Committee- shall be in charge of ensuring

the safety of visitors/tourists and implementing local ordinances supportive to the goals and objectives of Pandin Lake DMP.

5.1.1.1.1.4 Barangay Sto. Angel LGU

a. Enact and implement supportive policies, legislation, programs and projects

b. Assist in providing security and maintenance to the PSE c. Mobilize community support d. Create a barangay tourism council and harmonize its

respective tourism plan with that of the PSE e. Implement a Barangay Solid Waste Management Plan f. Monitor the implementation of programs, projects and

activities of Pandin Lake DMP 5.1.1.1.1.5 Other Support Institutions

The support of other institutions may likewise be tapped. Among others, these include the TIEZA-DOT, Private Sectors and BFAR who have longstanding participation in the PSE.


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Table 5.1 Roles of other Support Institutions

Other Support Institution Institutional Role

Department of Tourism-

Tourism Infrastructure and

Economic Zone Authority

(DOT-TIEZA)

Enact and implement supportive policies,

programs and projects

Provide technicall and marketing support

Facilitate and/or assist in the sourcing of funds

Private Sector

(represented by Pandin-

based NGO, Church

Organization, Business

Sector and Civic

Organization

Ensure that grassroots concerns are elevated to

the Execom

Assist in the dissemination of policies according

to sectoral representation

Assist in sourcing technical assistance and

development funds

Bureau of Fisheries and

Aquatic Resources

(BFAR)

Regular seeding to enhance the lake’s

productivity

Governor’s Office May provide and/or assist in the sourcing of funds Monitor and evaluate policy implementation

5.1.1.1.1.6 Possible Roles of the Pandin Development Cooperative

This section provides the possible roles and responsibilities of the soon to be created Pandin Development Cooperative. In the interest of the activities set in the DMP, the Pandin Lakewide FARMC will assume and act as the interim organization that will implement the initial activities, projects and programs reflected in the Development and Management Plan. As soon as the Pandin Development Cooperative is organized, the following are the recommended roles: To be created solely to manage and operate developments

and activities in the PSE Implement policies promulgated by the LLDA, and City

Government of San Pablo Recommend actions and policies for consideration of the

Executive Committee for approval of LLDA and City Government of San Pablo

Generate funds for the development and operation of the PSE May opt to engage sub-developers subject to the concurrence

of the LLDA Sponsor training activities to enhance the member – residents’

employment and business opportunities in the PSE Shall have its own Board of Directors composed of the

following: a. Representative from Barangay Sto. Angel LGU b. Representative from Pandin FARMC c. Sto. Angel-based NGO Representative d. Sto. Angel-based Church Representative e. Sto. Angel-based Women’s Sector Representative f. Sto. Angel-based Business Sector Representative g. Sto. Angel based Civic Organization Representative


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Shall have full-time staff under the following offices:

a. General Manager (day-to-day management and operations)

b. Accounting and Finance (bookkeeping and financial planning)

c. Human Resource Development (personnel development) d. Community Development (liaison with host barangays;

social marketing)) e. Marketing and Promotions (business marketing) f. Technical Services (grounds and facilities planning and

maintenance) g. General Services (general equipment and office

requirements) The Board of Directors, officers and staff as well as general

members of the PSE Development Cooperative shall be residents of Barangay Sto. Angel for five consecutive years prior to his/ her appointment as certified by the Barangay Chairperson.

5.1.1.2 Distribution of Fund and Revenue Sharing This section discusses the recommendations relative to the distribution of net income and sharing scheme among key stakeholders. The recommended allocation and distribution of the net income of the Pandin Sustainablle Ecotoursim at the end of each fiscal year shall be as follows:

Key Stakeholder/Institution Percentage Share (%) LLDA 5% City Government of San Pablo 10% Barangay Sto. Angel 10% Pandin Lakewide FARMC 75%

The 75% share of Pandin Lakewide FARMC may be allocated to the following: a) Lake Conservation Fund shall finance various environmental and

conservation projects that will sustainably maintain the lake resources for its environmental functions;

b) Reserve Fund shall be set aside to be used for stability of the organization and to meet net losses in its operations;

c) Educational and Training Fund may be spent for education training and

other purposes; d) Optional Fund will be set aside for land and building fund, community

development, etc. Stakeholders sharing will solely come from the income generated from the ecotourism projects and activities. Other funds that may be generated such as donations, grants and gifts shall be allotted to specific projects and activities that donors chose to finance according to their preference and advocacy. Accordingly, a resolution shall be passed by the City Government of San Pablo approving the sharing scheme agreement.


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The Pandin Lakewide FARMC or the soon to be created Pandin Development Cooperative shall establish its own independent accounting records. This is to ensure that revenues accruing from the business are properly utilized for the operation and maintenance of the project. All expenses charged against the business shall be recorded and accounted for in an appropriate book of accounts, which shall be maintained by the accounting unit. The revenues obtained by FARMC, Barangay Sto. Angel and City of San Pablo shall be used for the purpose of implementing livelihood, infrastructure and/ or environmental development projects within Pandin that are aligned with the intents of the Development and Management Plan. The allocation and disposition of these funds shall be monitored by the City Government of San Pablo or the Board of Directors of the proposed Pandin Development Cooperative. 5.1.2 Institutional Strengthening

5.1.2.1 Capacity Building

5.1.2.1.1 Front-line Organizations

The capacity of front-line organizations to effectively handle the development, management and operations of the PSE shall be given premiere attention. Focus shall be given to officers of the San Pablo Toursism Office, Barangay LGUs, and Pandin Lakewide FARMC.

5.1.2.1.1.1 Business and Project Management Training

This will mainly target officers of the Pandin Lakewide FARMC. The topics will include general office management, accounting and bookkeeping, human resource development, marketing and promotions, site and facilities management, construction management and project monitoring and evaluation. Possible training providers include the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority and Technology and Livelihood Resource Center.

5.1.2.1.1.2 Lakbay Aral

Targeting key officers of the San Pablo Toursim Office, Barangay LGUs and FARMC, Lakbay Aral is geared to increase awareness of practices done elsewhere. This will develop knowledge on how to properly develop and operate, as well as learn the pitfalls of, ecotourism sites. Recommended destinations are Cavinti, Pagsanjan, Tanay, Palawan, Bohol, Camiguin and other similar sites. This activity could be dovetailed into the LGUs’ regular Lakbay Aral programs.


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5.1.2.1.1.3 Seminars on Peace and Order and Environmental Laws

These will likewise target the key officers of the San Pablo Tourism Office, Barangay LGUs and FARMC. The seminars shall be geared to develop knowledge on how peace and order in the PSE can be maintained as well as increase awareness on prevailing related environmental laws. Participants can thus be better equipped in addressing potential problems that may arise with the increased influx of tourists into the PSE. Resource persons to conduct these seminars may be invited from the DENR, DA, DOT and PNP.

5.1.2.1.2 Individuals and Entrepreneurs

Capacity building activities targeting member - residents who seek employment and business opportunities shall be facilitated by the Lakewide FAMRC or the Development Cooperative. Sponsors to shoulder funds may be solicited, such as from the municipal LGUs.

5.1.2.1.2.1 Employment Skills Training and Improvement

The skills of the residents have to be improved in order for them to adequately gain opportunities for employment in the PSE. Some of the skills that need to be developed are the following:

5.1.2.1.2.1.1 Tourism Frontline Service

This is geared to improve skills needed for the front desk (reception), and transportation (boatmen/women). The DOT conducts this training which is usually a one-week affair involving lectures and practical applications. 5.1.2.1.2.1.2 Homestay Training Since accommodation facilities will not be provided in the PSE, there may be a market for more curious tourists who may want to experience living with the community. Local homeowners who desire to make extra rooms in their houses available to tourists can avail of this training. This type of training is also provided by the DOT. 5.1.2.1.2.1.3 Tour Guiding Training The DOT also conducts a national tour guiding training that normally last for one month. Residents can also avail of the DOT’s one-week local tour guiding training.


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5.1.2.1.2.1.4 Naturalist Guiding Naturalist guiding training is geared to develop deeper knowledge on the area and its attractions. The objective is to create a pool of knowledgeable guides who can provide and educate tourists on, for example, the lake’s ecosystem, history of the area and behavior of the bee eaters. Resource persons from the academe and the barangay itself may be engaged for this purpose.

5.1.2.1.2.2 Entrepreneurial Training and Improvement

5.1.2.1.2.2.1 Management Training Seminars

Barangay entrepreneurs who would like to engage in PSE-related businesses such as putting up souvenir shops, lodging houses, restaurants, vehicle rental and other businesses shall be the targets of these seminars. The TESDA and TLRC can be tapped to handle these seminars.

5.1.3 Social Marketing Plan

5.1.3.1 Information and Education Campaign

Ecotourism is also oriented towards increasing the education and information values of visitors and the local community. Thus, the social marketing component of the DMP is geared to make visitors not only appreciate the PSE’s recreational value but to make them aware of the value of protecting the lake and their role in protecting the ecosystem. On the other hand, community members shall be made aware of the value of ecotourism as a non-extractive means of livelihood.

The DMP thus includes the implementation of an IEC campaign to heighten

consciousness on ecotourism through the following means:

5.1.3.1.1 Publication of IEC materials for visitors IEC materials shall be published to serve as guides to visitors in appreciating the biological diversity of the PSE. These shall be made easily available to visitors and shall feature examples of the geo-physical attributes of and the floral and faunal species found in the PSE. 5.1.3.1.2 Development of Visitor Code of Ethics A Visitor Code of Ethics shall be developed and posted at strategic locations in the barangay and the PSE. This code shall provide visitors with information on how to properly conduct themselves in order to prevent adverse environmental impacts as well as to maintain the environmental quality of the PSE for the enjoyment of all users.


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5.1.3.1.3 Schools-based IEC and student participation Students shall also be made part of the IEC campaign, the youth being the future stewards of the PSE. School-based activities shall be initiated such as poster-making and essay-writing contests with the PSE as theme. The target schools are primarily those based in Bgy. Sto. Angel and secondarily, the neighboring barangays.

More pro-active forms of student participation may also be employed. Students may be made active protectors of the PSE through activities such as “Adopt a Tree” program. Interested students may also be trained in the PSE in identifying and appreciating the various features of the PSE thus enabling them to serve as junior tourist guides. A special event may be held once or twice a year where families may be invited to PSE with students serving as tourist guides.

5.1.3.2 General Social Awareness Campaign

Aside from focused IEC campaigns, a program to create widespread awareness in the barangays shall also be launched. This will prepare the community at large for the possible negative effects of more intense tourist arrivals. This program will include the following:

5.1.3.2.1 Ecotourism Awareness Seminar

This is geared to provide participants with the dynamics of ecotourism to include its social and ecological aspects. Potential positive (increased employment) and negative (drugs, prostitution) impacts shall be highlighted to better prepare community members for the expected influx of tourists into the area. 5.1.3.2.2 Seminars on Peace and Order and Environmental Laws The seminars on peace and order and environmental laws may also be extended to the community. This will make them aware of the rationale behind why certain regulations are being implemented and also put them in a position where they can knowledgeably participate in safeguarding community interests and values.

5.1.4 Business Marketing Plan

The marketing objectives are: (1) to ensure the implementation of pro-active initiatives that are geared to draw-in tourists; and (2) to ensure that the PSE will be holistically marketed in order to attain maximum exposure and interest. The marketing plan for the PSE shall be anchored on the classic strategic elements of marketing: product, place, price and promotion.


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5.1.4.1 Market Positioning Strategy

In line with the stakeholders’ vision, the PSE shall be positioned as one of the major eco-tourism centers of Laguna. Marketing initiatives shall revolve on creating a “brand” for PSE oriented towards the following:

Unique tranquility, serenity, peace and quiet of Pandin Lake; Bird-watching center of Laguna; Living laboratory of successful community-based lake conservation and management efforts; and A place of diverse eco-tourism activities.

5.1.4.2 Marketing Mix

5.1.4.2.1 Product Strategy

Marketing efforts shall focus towards promoting the PSE’s following products: Birdwatching Hiking Lakeside Dining Dining on the Lake Picnicking Camping Hiking Environmental Appreciation Tours Hilot Therapy The above products shall be supplemented by ensuring the convenience of tourists in terms of, among others, accessing the PSE (facility in reaching coordinators as well as appropriate directional signages), trained tourist guides (educated on the details of the PSE as well as on its various product offerings), warm community reception (tourists being entitled to welcome drinks) and diligent facility maintenance and environmental management (adequate trash receptacles and other features).

What is also essential to complete PSE’s packaging is the maintenance of cleanliness and peace and order in Barangay Sto. Angel.

5.1.4.2.2 Pricing Strategy

The PSE’s pricing strategy shall be anchored on a break-even point analysis which will then be compared with fees charged in nearby eco-tourism sites. Pricing shall essentially be competitive and shall entail a lower cost – high volume approach. The objective is to attract and sustain a significant client base.

5.1.4.2.3 Promotion Strategy

The PSE shall be promoted through a multi-pronged approach. These include:


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Inclusion in the websites of Laguna Province, San Pablo LGU; Print media exposure (initially highlight the recent successes of

community efforts in the conservation and management of PSE and publish a comic book which telltales the Legend of Pandin Lake);

Printing and distribution of brochures at strategic locations in San Pablo;

Publication of books or booklets showcasing the Birds of Pandin Lake; Public relations campaign through speaking engagements (local and

international fora) of LLDA, Barangay LGU and FARMC personages regarding the successes in and plans for PSE

Regularly holding special events (with media coverage) such as fluvial parade during the barangay fiesta, ADOPT A TREE – PLANT A TREE, etc.; and

Participation in the DOT’s tourism promotion fairs (locally and internationally).

5.2 Implementation Action Plan Sustaining the DMP’s implementation entails three aspects which are discussed as follows: 5.2.1 Institutional Sustainability

5.2.1.1 Creation of the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism (PSE) Development Cooperative as the formal organization to manage the Ecotourism site

The PSE Development Cooperative shall be created and registered with the Cooperative Development Authority solely for the purpose of developing, managing and operating the PSE. In spirit a community-based organization, the PSE Development Cooperative’s creation shall give focus to the implementation of the DMP. It shall have a full-time professional staff complement with a high degree of accountability. The CDA’s registration requirements are shown in Annex. 5.2.1.2 Clearing of encroachments on the 20-meter lakeshore

easement The LLDA shall survey the 20-meter lakeshore easement and finalize the inventory of encroaching properties. It shall subsequently initiate legal action to cause the removal of the illegal structures on the said easement. 5.2.1.3 Institutional Strengthening As the officers of Pandin Lakewide FARMC and members of the Pandin Development Cooperative are expected to come from the host barangay, sustained capacity building programs are thus essential given the complexity of the task at hand. Strengthening Sto. Angel LGU and Pandin FARMC, through ecotourism-related capacity building activities, is also important in sustaining DMP implementation


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since these institutions are major ground-level partners of the Pandin Development Cooperative. 5.2.1.4.1 Mainstreaming of DMP provisions into government regulatory

processes

5.2.1.3.1 Integration into the Barangay Clearance Process

Sto. Angel LGU shall pass a resolution specifying that project proponents in PSE and on properties rimming Pandin Lake should conform with the applicable provisions of the DMP. The resolutions shall further provide that such conformance shall be made a requirement before the granting of Barangay Clearances.

5.2.1.3.2 City and Municipal Level

The LLDA shall make representations with San Pablo LGU to have the relevant provisions of the DMP integrated into it Zoning Ordinance. This will ensure that Locational Clearances that will be granted developments within PSE and on properties rimming shall conform to the stipulations of the DMP.

The LLDA shall further recommend to San Pablo LGU that the support infrastructure requirements (barangay road lighting) be included in the Local Development Investment Program and Annual Investment Plans.

5.2.1.3.3 LLDA Level

Project proponents in PSE and on properties rimming Pandin Lake should likewise exhibit conformance to the applicable provisions of the DMP as part of the requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment System (EIAS).

5.2.1.3.4 Harnessing community support

The support of the community is essential in sustaining developments within the PSE. The implementation of the community-oriented capacity building program and social marketing plan components of the DMP is essential to this.

5.2.2 Resource Sustainability

Resource sustainability can be ensured by observing the carrying capacities of the different features and activities in the lake area. Examples of basic strategies to ensure that the PSE is not degraded with relatively more intense use over time is presented below:

Careful development of facilities, trails and other structures must be

done in order to prevent unnecessary erosion of soil materials. Tree planting (i.e. bamboo) and riprapping, when required, of the lake’s shoreline must also be done in order to prevent siltation.


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A visitor management system should be implemented to help control

visitor numbers, movement and behavior in the area. This could be achieved, for instance, by ensuring that a trail would make a continuous loop around the lake. Other facilities must also have enough space between the structures to prevent people from bunching up in a single site.

Appropriate signages must be established in the area to continuously

remind the people of the environmental sensitivity and appropriate behavior of the visitors.

Site cleanliness must continuously be done in order to maintain the

environmental quality of the lake and its surroundings. Dedicated personnel should be appointed to maintain the site.

5.2.3 Economic Sustainability

Monetary costs will be involved in the development of the lake. Thus, the economic viability of ecotourism in the PSE must be put in place to ensure the sustainability of ecotourism as the major resource utilization in the site. Operations and maintenance expenses will also have to be addressed. Pandin Lakewide FARMC/Pandin Development Cooperative – controlled and

maintained control (entrance) point. All visitors must be required to pay a corresponding amount in order to visit the lake and enjoy its facilities and attractions. Rental for boats and other equipment Appropriate rental fees can provide added revenue for the site. Rental of facilities for events A single event such as a wedding can provide significant income for the maintenance of the area. Concessionaire’s Fee and commission Private concessionaires and caterers should be made to pay for conducting business in the area.

Windows for grants and assistance Pandin Lake is a highly significant environmental feature that could also attract commitments for different forms of grants or assistance from various organizations.


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5.3 Funding Mechanisms 5.3.1 Financial Assistance The LLDA, City Government of San Pablo, Pandin Lakewide FARMC/Pandin Development Cooperative shall explore avenues by which financial assistance could be obtained. Depending of course on the priorities and directions of financial institutions, grants or loans may be obtained to be used either for operation, capital investment, or environmental protection purposes. Some of the possible sources of grants are:

Philippine Government Agencies (TIEZA, San Pablo LGU, etc.) Multi-lateral funding institutions (World Bank (WB), Asian Development

Bank (ADB), etc.) Bi-lateral funding institutions (DANIDA, UNDP, etc.) NGOs and Foundations [Global Nature Fund (GNF), International Lake

Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC), etc.] Loans would, of course, be available from commercial banks and other lending institutions. Other institutions and individuals identified by the Pandin Lakewide FARMC who supported some of the environmental and operational activities of the Pandin lake are:

LLDA BFAR Sangguniang Barangay ng Sto. Angel City Government of San Pablo San Pablo Medical Society Rotary Club of San Pablo Media ATIKHA Tanggol Kalikasan Fundacion Santiago Mr. Mandy Marino


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5.4 Details of Work Plan and Budgetary Requirements

GOAL/OBJECTIVE/ACTIVITY INDICATOR/ DIMENSION

YEAR 1

YEAR 2

YEAR 3

YEAR 4

YEAR 5

TOTAL DETAILED BUDGET TOTAL COST

REMARKS

GOAL 1: ANG BAWAT TURISTA AY NASIYAHAN SA MGA NATUTUNAN AT NARANASAN SA LAWA NG PANDIN

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, magkaroon ng "Knowledge Center (KC)" na may sapat na pantustos para mapangalagaan at mapanatili ito at may tagapamahala na may kakayahang mangalap ng pondo at mag-update ng mga datos

Activities

1. Identification of site for KC establishment

1.1 Meeting among LLDA, LGU and landowners

no. of meetings 3 3 6 pax X P100/pax X 3 meetings 1,800.00

1.2 Survey and identification of site no. of days 3 2 6 pax X P100/pax X 3 days 1,800.00

1.3 MOA signing

2. Establishment of KC

2.1 Preparation and approval of KC Concept and Design (DAED)

c/o CEO, LLDA

2.2 Fund sourcing for the KC fund sourcing activity

1 1 est. expense = P30,000 30,000.00

Solicitation from donors

2.3 Securing of necessary permits

2.4 KC Construction P25,000/sqm X 40 sqm 1,000,000.00 use solicited fund

3. Hiring of KC Manager no. of months 12 12 12 36 P8,000/month 288,000.00 start of engagement is on 3rd Q of the 2nd year

4. Acquisition of equipment, furnitures and fixtures for the KC

4.1 Identification/listing of basic equipment for KC operation

list of equipment and fixtures

1 1

4.2 Fund sourcing thru fund raising event/solicitation from donors

FR event conducted and needed fund raised

1 1 est. expense = P30,000 30,000.00 can be in cash or in kind


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4.3 Procurement of equipment, furnitures and fixtures

procured/solicited equipment and fixtures

1 1 300,000.00 cash donation will be used in procuring equipment and fixtures

5. Operation of the KC no. of months 12 12 12 36 P5,000/mo for utilities 180,000.00 operation will start on the third year

Objective 2: Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol sa halaman, hayop at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makasasagot sa lahat ng mga tanong ng mga turista at mga estudyante. Ang nasabing KC ay maglalaman ng inpormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) alamat ng coconut, b) alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) alamat ng pinya, d) pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) cultural presentation (Satacruzan sa lawa na magiging bahagi ng gawain ng CHP)

Activities

1. Data gathering and consolidation of researches

1.1 Coordination with different academic institutions and agencies with past and present studies on Lake Pandin

coordination meeting 10 P1,000/meeting X 10 meetings 10,000.00

1.2 Consolidation of data on plants, animals, culture and other important information about Lake Pandin

2. Production and distribution of pamphlets and other IEC materials that will contain salient information about Pandin Lake (based on studies gathered)

2.1 Development and production of IEC materials

set of IEC materials

1 1 1 3 tarp poster: 20 pcs X P250/pc = P5,000; brochures/pamphlets/flyers: 1000 pcs X P20/pc = P20,000

75,000.00

2.2 Distribution of IEC materials to KC visitors/guests


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Objective 3: Mapag-ibayo ang magandang serbisyo at pakikitungo sa mga turista

Activities

1. Capacity Building for the members of local organizations (SMKMBLP, FARMC, Barangay Council, etc.)

1.1 Training on Basic/Intermediate Tour Guiding

2-day training conducted

1 1

food/venue = 20 pax X P400/pax X 2 days; supplies = P2,000; resource speakers = P4,000 22,000.00

1.2. Training on Courses for Basic Life Support, Water Search and Rescue, and First Aid

3-day training conducted

1 1

food/venue = 20 pax X P400/pax X 3 days; supplies = P2,000; speakers = P6,000 32,000.00

1.3. Production of IDs for tour guides and other authorized personnel

IDs produced 30 30 30 30 30 150 30 IDs X P75/ID 2,250.00

2. Formulation, approval and imposition of fees and charges

consultation meetings 5 5 P40,000.00 40,000.00

3. Production and setting up of signages

set of signages produced and set up 1 1 est. expense = P50,000 50,000.00

GOAL 2: MAPANATILI NA "CLASS C" ANG KALIDAD NG TUBIG NG LAWA

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 1 taon ay tukoy na and lahat ng pinanggalingan ng polusyon

Activities

1. Conduct of survey to identify sources of pollution in Lake Pandin

no. of days 5 5 8 pax X P100/pax X 5 days 4,000.00

Objective 2: Sa loob ng 1 taon may mamamayang may kakayanang magsuri ng kalidad ng tubig sa pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan

1. Conduct fund raising event for Water Quality Monitoring component

FR conducted and needed fund raised

1 1 1 1 1 5 est. expense = P25,000 125,000.00

2. Creation of Water Quality Monitoring Team/Committee

3. Training on Water Quality Monitoring

1 day training 1 1 P20,000.00 20,000.00


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4. Procurement of "Community Water Quality Monitoring" equipment

equipment procured

1 1 Water analyser (DO, pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity) = P0.5 M

500,000.00 procurement using fund raised

5. Regular Monthly Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting no. of months

12 12 12 12 48 48 months X 2 staff X P100/staff 9,600.00

GOAL 3: MATAMNAN ANG KAGUBATAN NG NAMUMULAKLAK AT NAMUMUNGANG PUNONG KAHOY AT MAGING PRIME TOURIST DESTINATION SA LAGUNA

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 5 taon ay makapagtanim sa 20 hektayang lupa (4 hektarya kada taon) ng mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim (species): timber trees (Narra, golden shower, fire tree), fruit-bearing trees (Durian, Jackfruit, Guyabano, rambutan, lansones, macopa, Yambo, mangga, bayabas-malaki), Tabi ng lawa (bangkal at kawayan)

Activities

1. Survey to identify the 20 hectares land for reforestation

no. of days 3 P3,000.00 3,000.00

2. Consultations with landowners of the 20 hectares land

1.1 Coordination with land owners and stakeholders

1.2 Consultation meeting with and need assessment of landowners and stakeholders

no. of days 5 5 12 pax X P175/pax X 5 days 10,500.00

1.3 MOA signing among landowners and key stakehodlers

MOA signed 1 1

3. Consultation with DOST and relevant agencies to address "cocolisap"

2.1 Coordination with DOST and relevant agencies

2.2 Consultation Workshop no. of days 3 3 20 pax X P300/pax X 3 days 18,000.00

2.3 Report on the results of workshop

2.4 IEC on "cocolisap"

3. Species-Site Suitability (SSS) Study


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3.1 Conduct of survey and SSS Study no. of days 5 5 4 pax X P100/pax X 5 days 2,000.00

3.2 SSS Study Report and Recommendation

report 1 1

4. Establishmenbt of nursery

4.1 Identification of appropriate site

4.2 Coordination/Negotiation for the use of the site

4.3 MOA signing MOA signed 1 1

4.4 Sourcing and transfer of seedlings from various sources to nursery site

seedlings sourced out

2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 12,500 P15,000/year 75,000.00

4.5. Preparation of Tree Planting Plan

5. Tree planting

5.1 Land clearing and preparation for outplanting

no. of days 10 10 10 10 10 50 2 man-hour X P300/day X 10 days x 5 years

30,000.00

5.2 Tree planting (multi-sector participation)

no. of seedlings planted

2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 12,500 food expense: 100 pax X P100/pax = P10,000; supplies and materials (tarpaulin, programs, certificates) = P5,000; logistics/transportation =P10,000

125,000.00

12,500 seedlings to be planted in 5 years with allowance for 20% mortality; 25 seedlings/pax

6. Monitoring and Evaluation no. of times/ years

2 4 4 4 4 18 P2,000/quarter X 18 times 36,000.00

GOAL 4: TUMAAS ANG KITA MULA SA EKOTURISMO AT TUMAAS ANG ANTAS NG PAMUMUHAY NG BAWAT MIYEMBRO NG SAMAHAN AT NG KANILANG PAMILYA

Objective 1: Magdagdag ng mga mapaglilibangan tulad ng paggawa ng ecopark (hal. Butterfly Farm, eco-trail)

Activities

1. Identification of fishcage zones as fishing area for tourists including transfer

no of days 6 6 P8,000.00 8,000.00 c/o LLDA with FARMC and LGUs/NGAs

2. Coordination meetings with landowners for the beautification of parking area and path towards Pandin Lake

will be funded thru fund raising activities


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2.1 Coordination/Meeting with landowners

no. of meetings P10,000 10,000.00

2.2 MOA signing

3. Establishment and maintenance of support handrailings (bamboo) and trails (sandbags) from Pandin Lake to Yambo Lake

maintenance activity

1 1 1 1 1 5 P10,000/year X 5 years 50,000.00 will be funded thru fund raising activities

4. Establishment of Butterfly Garden and Eco-trail

garden and eco-trail established

1 1 2 butterfly garden = P50,000; ecotrail = P150,000

200,000.00 will be funded thru fund raising activities

5. Survey and set up system and resources for horseback riding

5.1 Inventory of individuals wilth horse/s in the area

no of days 5 5 P5,000.00 5,000.00

5.2 Meeting with horse owners no. of meetings 5 5 P5,000.00 5,000.00

5.3 Accreditation of horse owners to operate in Lake Pandin

horse back riding system established

1 1 P5,000.00 5,000.00

Objective 2: Magdagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na puedeng ipagbenta

Activities

1. Establishment of shops/kiosks for native products, indigenous ornamental plants, local food in green packaging

1.1 Identification of products to be added/included (herbs, cultured/indigenous ornamental plants, food/fruits, souvenir items, native delicacies, etc.)

products identified

10 10

1.2 Construction of kiosks no. of kiosk constructed

10 10 P5,000/kiosks X 10 kiosks 50,000.00


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1.3 Renting out of kiosks to small enterpreneurs

source of additional income for the organization and livelihood for small enterpreneurs

Objective 3: Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin

Activities

1. Production and distribution of IEC materials to promote ecotourism in Pandin Lake

no. of brochures 500 1,000 1,000 1,000 3,500 P25/brochure 112,500.00

2. Conduct of Promotional Events no. of events 1 P50,000/event 50,000.00 Exposure to TV, radio, newspaper, cable, or internet blogs

3. Coordination with DILG for "Salintubig" Project

no. of meetings 5 5 P1,000/meeting X 5 meetings 5,000.00 LGU and SPCWD

4. Conduct study on viability of natural springs as additional source of potable water

study conducted 1 1 100,000.00 LGU and SPCWD

Objective 4: Dagdagan ang kaalaman ng mga samahan

Activities

1. Leadership and GAD Training 2-day training 1 1 food/venue = 10 pax X P400/pax X 2 days; supplies = P5,000; speakers = P6,000; logistics = P6,000

25,000.00

2. Training on Food Safety, Proper Food Handling, and Food Preparation

2-day training 1 1 food/venue = 10 pax X P400/pax X 2 days; supplies = P5,000; speakers = P6,000; logistics = P6,000

25,000.00

3. Organize existing organization in Pandin Lake into a cooperative

no. of meetings 10 10 30 pax X P100 X 10 meetings 30,000.00

4. Basic Fund Raising Course Training

2-day training 1 1 food/venue = 10 pax X P400/pax X 2 days; supplies = P5,000; speakers = P6,000; logistics =

25,000.00


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P6,000

GOAL 5: MAPANATILI ANG KAAYUSAN AT KATIWASAYAN SA LAWA

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at makapagpatupad ng ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa dumi ng lahat ng uri ng hayop, basura, kapayapaan at kaayusan at kaligtasan ng lokal na mamamayan at ng mga turista

Activities

1. Creation of Multi-Sectoral and Multi-Agency Task Force for Pandin Lake (TFPL)

no. of meetings 2 10 pax X P100 X 2 meetings 2,000.00

2. Public consultations for the formulation of various barangay ordinances

consultation 4 2 6 30 pax X P100 X 6 meetings 18,000.00

3. Regular meetings of TFPL no. of meetings 12 12 12 12 12 60 10 pax X P100 X 60 meetings 60,000.00

4. IEC on various local policies, rules and regulations promulgated for plan implementation

set of IEC materials

1 1 tarp poster: P500/pc X 3 pcs = P1,500; brochures/pamphlets: 1000 pcs X P20/pc = P20,000

21,500.00

5. Trainings for TFPL 2-day training 1 1 food/venue = 10 pax X P400/pax X 2 days; supplies = P2,000; speakers = P6,000; logistics = P6,000

25,000.00

GOAL 6: MAPANATILI, MAIPASA/MAISALIN, MAIPALAGANAP AT MAIPAGMALAKI ANG KULTURA AT TRADISYONG “SAN PABLEŇO

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural Heritage Center (CHC)” kung saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang kultura, kasaysayan, at tradisyon ng mga San Pableño na maaring maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang nasabing CHC ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, 4) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at 5) Cultural presentation

Activities

1. Formulation of a Cultural Heritage Program (CHP)

CHP formulated 1 1 cost of meeting, consultations, honorarium for resource person/s

150,000.00

2. Implementation of CHP (which will include production and distribution of IEC materials related to CHP)

set of IEC materials produced and distributed

1 1 production and distribution of IEC materials

150,000.00


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Budget Summary of 5-Year Work and Financial Plan for Lake Pandin

GOAL/OBJECTIVE/ACTIVITY YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 TOTAL

GOAL 1: ANG BAWAT TURISTA AY NASIYAHAN SA MGA NATUTUNAN AT NARANASAN SA LAWA NG PANDIN

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, magkaroon ng "Knowledge Center (KC)" na may sapat na pantustos para mapangalagaan at mapanatili ito at may tagapamahala na may kakayahang mangalap ng pondo at mag-update ng mga datos

Activities

1. Identification of site

Meeting among LLDA, LGU and landowners 1,800.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,800.00

Survey and identification of site 1,800.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,800.00

2. KC establishment

Fund Sourcing for the KC 30,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30,000.00

KC establishment 0.00 1,000,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,000,000.00

Hiring of KC Manager

0.00 0.00 96,000.00 96,000.00 96,000.00 288,000.00

3. Acquisition of equipment

Fund Sourcing for the acquisition of equipment and fixtures for the KC

0.00 30,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30,000.00

Procurement of equipment and fixtures 0.00 300,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 300,000.00

4. Operation of the KC

0.00 0.00 60,000.00 60,000.00 60,000.00 180,000.00

Sub-total for Objective 1 33,600.00 1,330,000.00 156,000.00 156,000.00 156,000.00 1,831,600.00


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Objective 2: Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol sa halaman, hayop at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makasasagot sa lahat ng mga tanong ng mga turista at mga estudyante. Ang nasabing KC ay maglalaman ng inpormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) alamat ng coconut, b) alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) alamat ng pinya, d) pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) cultural presentation (Satacruzan sa lawa na magiging bahagi ng gawain ng CHP)

Activities

1. Gathering of data and consolifdationof researches on Pandin Lake

0.00 0.00 10,000.00 0.00 0.00 10,000.00

2. Development and production of IEC materials 0.00 0.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 75,000.00

3. Capacity Building

Training on Basic and Intermediate Tour Guiding 22,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22,000.00

Training on Courses for Basic Life Support, Water Search and Rescue, and First Aid 32,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32,000.00

Production of IDs for tour guides and other authorized personnel 2,250.00 2,250.00 2,250.00 2,250.00 2,250.00 11,250.00

4. Formulation, approval and imposition of fees and charges

40,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

40,000.00

5. Production and setting up of signages 50,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50,000.00

Sub-total for Objective 2 146,250.00 2,250.00 37,250.00 27,250.00 27,250.00 240,250.00

Total for Goal 1 179,850.00 1,332,250.00 193,250.00 183,250.00 183,250.00 2,071,850.00

GOAL 2: MAPANATILI NA "CLASS C" ANG KALIDAD NG TUBIG NG LAWA

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 1 taon ay tukoy na and lahat ng pinanggalingan ng polusyon

1. Conduct of survey to identify sources of pollution in Lake Pandin 4,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,000.00

Sub-total for Objective 1 4,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,000.00

Objective 2: Sa loob ng 1 taon may mamamayang may kakayanang magsuri ng kalidad ng tubig sa pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan

1. Conduct fund raising event/s for Water Quality Monitoring (WQM) component

25,000.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 125,000.00

2. Training on WQM 20,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20,000.00

3. Procurement of WQM equipment 500,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 500,000.00


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4. Monthly WQM 0.00 2,400.00 2,400.00 2,400.00 2,400.00 9,600.00


Total for Goal 2 549,000.00 27,400.00 27,400.00 27,400.00 27,400.00 658,600.00

GOAL 3: MATAMNAN ANG KAGUBATAN NG NAMUMULAKLAK AT NAMUMUNGANG PUNONG KAHOY AT MAGING PRIME TOURIST DESTINATION SA LAGUNA

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 5 taon ay makapagtanim sa 20 hektayang lupa (4 hektarya kada taon) ng mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim (species): timber trees (Narra, golden shower, fire tree), fruit-bearing trees (Durian, Jackfruit, Guyabano, rambutan, lansones, macopa, Yambo, mangga, bayabas-malaki), Tabi ng lawa (bangkal at kawayan)

1. Site survey and identification 20 hectares land for reforestation

3,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,000.00

2. Consultation with landowners for reforestation 10,500.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,500.00

3. Consultation on "cocolisap" 18,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18,000.00

4. Establishment of nursery 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 75,000.00

5. Tree Planting 31,000.00 31,000.00 31,000.00 31,000.00 31,000.00 155,000.00

6. Monitoring and Evaluation 4,000.00 8,000.00 8,000.00 8,000.00 8,000.00 36,000.00


Total for Goal 3 81,500.00 54,000.00 54,000.00 54,000.00 54,000.00 297,500.00

GOAL 4: TUMAAS ANG KITA MULA SA EKOTURISMO AT TUMAAS ANG ANTAS NG PAMUMUHAY NG BAWAT MIYEMBRO NG SAMAHAN AT NG KANILANG PAMILYA

Objective 1: Magdagdag ng mga mapaglilibangan tulad ng paggawa ng ecopark (hal. Butterfly Farm, eco-trail)

1. Identification of fishcage zones as fishing area for tourists including transfer of cages in the zones

8,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8,000.00

2. Coordinative meetings with private landowners for the beautification of parking area and path towards Pandin Lake

10,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,000.00

3. Establishment and maintenance of support handrailings (bamboo) and trails (sandbags) from Pandin Lake to Yambo Lake

10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 50,000.00

4. Establishment of Butterfly Garden and Ecotrail 50,000.00 150,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 200,000.00


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5. Survey and set up system and resources for horseback riding 15,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15,000.00


Objective 2: Magdagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na puedeng ipagbenta

1. Construction of kiosks 50,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50,000.00


Objective 3: Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin

1. Production and distribution of IEC materials to promote ecotourism in Pandin Lake 12,500.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 112,500.00

2. Conduct of Promotional Events 50,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50,000.00

3. Coordination with DILG for "Salintubig" Project 5,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,000.00

4. Conduct study on viability of natural springs as additional source of potable water 0.00 100,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100,000.00


Objective 4: Dagdagan ang kaalaman ng mga samahan

1. Leadership and GAD Training 25,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25,000.00

2. Training on Food Safety, Proper Food Handling, and Food Preparation 25,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25,000.00

3. Organize existing organization in Pandin Lake into a cooperative 30,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30,000.00

4. Basic Fund Raising Course Training 25,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25,000.00


Total for Goal 4

315,500.00 285,000.00 35,000.00 35,000.00 35,000.00 705,500.00

GOAL 5: MAPANATILI AND KAAYUSAN AT KATIWASAYAN SA LAWA

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at makapagpatupad ng ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa dumi ng lahat ng uri ng hayop, basura, kapayapaan at kaayusan at kaligtasan ng lokal na mamamayan at ng mga turista

1. Creation of Multi-Sectoral and Multi-Agency Task Force for Pandin Lake (TFPL)

2,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,000.00


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2. Public consultations for the formulation of various barangay ordinances

12,000.00 6,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18,000.00

3. Regular meetings of TFPL 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 60,000.00

4. IEC on various local policies, rules and regulations promulgated for plan implementation

0.00 21,500.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21,500.00

5. Trainings for TFPL 25,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25,000.00


Total for Goal 5 51,000.00 39,500.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 126,500.00

GOAL 6: MAPANATILI, MAIPASA/MAISALIN, MAPALAGANAP AT MAIPAGMALAKI ANG KULTURA AT TRADISYONG “SAN PABLEŇO

Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural Heritage Center (CHC)” kung saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang kultura, kasaysayan, at tradisyon ng mga San Pableño na maaring maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang nasabing CHC ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, 4) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at 5) Cultural presentation

1. Formulation of a Cultural Heritage Program (CHP)

150,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 150,000.00

2. Implementation of CHP (which will include production and distribution of IEC materials related to CHP)

150,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 150,000.00


Total for Goal 6 300,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 300,000.00

TOTAL 1,426,850.00 1,738,150.00 321,650.00 311,650.00 311,650.00 4,159,950.00


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6.0 Monitoring and Evaluation

6.1 Monitoring Bodies A Project Monitoring Team shall be organized to track and evaluate the gains of the Pandin Sustainable Ecotoursim vis-à-vis the objectives of the Development and Management Plan. The PMT shall be composed of the LLDA, San Pablo City LGU (City Tourism Council, City Environment and Natural Resources Office, City Planning and Development Office), the Barangay LGU thourgh Barangay Tourism Committee and to certain extent the Provincial Government of Laguna. Its composite functions are as follows: The LLDA has a significant role in ensuring that the environmental functions

of the lake are not compromised. It is the overall overseer of the plan implementation through monitoring and evaluating the DMP provisions.

The City Government of San Pablo as the recipient of the DMP is ultimately responsible for monitoring and evaluating actual levels of accomplishment vis-à-vis the DMP provisions.

The Pandin FARMC as the main implementing organization, shall be

responsible for submitting actual accomplishment reports to the LLDA and City Government of San Pablo. Aside from this, appropriate tourism data must be monitored and recorded in order to help determine the level of success or the various recreational needs in the site. Logbooks indicating the volume, nationality and other characteristics of the visitors must be provided at the entrance area of the lake. Data that are generated should then be shared to various agencies or organizations such as the LGU, and the Barangay Tourism Committee.

The Barangay LGU will help ensure that the environmental and aesthetic

qualities of the site are maintained and that residents are given maximum access opportunities in terms of employment and business activities.

The Barangay Tourism Committee can act as an independent party that will

help the barangay in the implementation of ecotourism programs in the area.

6.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Procedures 6.2.1 Monitoring Physical and Financial Accomplishments

The PMT shall monitor and evaluate the physical accomplishment

reports to be submitted by the Pandin Lakewide FARMC. The City Government of San Pablo shall issue certificates of completion of the project upon turnover.

Monitoring shall be based on Work and Financial Plans to be submitted by the Pandin Lakewide FARMC through regular field inspection reports.


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6.2.2 Monitoring Public Acceptability and Perception

The PMT shall monitor public acceptability and perception through their regular interactions with barangay residents. Issues and complaints shall be noted and reported to the City of San Pablo Tourism Office. Reports shall indicate whether these were acted upon or not at their level and shall be submitted on a monthly basis.

6.2.3 Monitoring Revenues and Economic Impact

The Pandin Lakewide FARMC, through the PMT, shall make quarterly

financial reports to the City Government of San Pablo.

The Pandin Lakewide FARMC, through the PMT, shall likewise submit quarterly employment reports to the City Government of San Pablo showing the residency of those working in the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism.

The Pandin Lakewide FARMC, through the PMT, shall make monthly reports to the City Government of San Pablo (City Toursim Office) the number of tourists that visited the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism.

The Barangay LGU, through the PMT, shall make semi-annual reports to the City Government of San Pablo regarding the type, number, employment level and capitalization of businesses that are related to the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism.

The Barangay LGU, through the PMT, shall make semi-annual reports to the City Government of San Pablo regarding the number and type of barangay clearances that have been granted.

6.3 Monitoring Environmental and Social Impacts

The Pandin Lakewide FARMC shall monitor the environmental

compliance of its concessionaires and visitors and submit quarterly reports to the City Government of San Pablo through the PMT.

The Barangay LGU shall monitor environmental and social impacts of the projects through regular interface with the barangay residents and whether these have been resolved or not. Monthly reports shall be submitted to the City Government of San Pablo through the PMT.

The Barangay LGU shall monitor crime rates and submit monthly reports to the City Government of San Pablo through the PMT.

The LLDA will monitor the conditions contained in the ECCs granted to developments on the Pandin Sustainable Ecotoursim through the PMT.


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6.4 Monitoring Indicators

The following indicators shall guide the monitoring and evaluation activities of the various organizations.

Monitoring Physical and Financial Accomplishments

Percentage of completion Number of facilities constructed Amount used for construction Number of days of construction

Monitoring Public Acceptability and Perception Number and type of complaints received Number and type of complaints resolved and un-resolved

Monitoring Revenues and Economic Impact Amount of revenues generated Number and type of jobs created Number of local residents employed and their type of employment Number and origin of tourists served Number, type and magnitude of supporting businesses created Number of construction applications approved inside and outside the

Pandin Sustaibale Ecotourism

Monitoring Environmental and Social Impacts Environmental compliance report for activities in the Pandin

Sustainable Ecotourism Number and type of complaints received Crime rates including number and type Compliance with ECC conditions Number of mitigating measures installed Cost of mitigating measures installed


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7.0 REFERENCES

Barangay Sto. Angel Socio-Economic and Physical Profile, 2010

Climatological Averages (1977-1997). University of the Philippines Los Banos Station Formulation of a Master Plan Development Plan and Feasibility Studies of Priority

Banner Ecotourism Sites and Support Structures for the Proposed Tadlac Lake Nature Park. An Ecotourism Destination. Laguna Lake Development Authority and Urbis Philippines Incorporated April 2008.

Laguna de Bay Watershed Environmental Action Planning for Seven Crater Lakes Micro-Watershed Ecological Profile 2007. Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community Participation Project (LISCOP). Laguna Lake Development Authority and Tetra Tech EM Inc.

Luna, Maria Paz. Policy Paper: Seven Crater Lakes Management. 2014

Municipality of San Pablo Socio-Economic and Physical Profile, 2010

Philippine Tourism Master Plan

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Water Qualilty Assessment Report for Lake Pandin (2009-2013). Laguna Lake Development Authority Environmental Laboratory and Research Division (LLDA-ELRD) 2014. 8 p.


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THE STAFF OF PROJECT DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION DIVISION

LEONOR A. POSERIO, Officer-in-Charge ALVIN A. FARAON, Project Evaluation Officer II MA. CAROLANE P. GONZALES, Project Evaluation Officer II DENNIS A. TIONGSON, Project Development Officer II NEIL V. VARCAS, Development Management Officer II JOSE E. SALANDANAN, Development Management Officer II ROCHELLE IVY M. REYES, Engineer II CORNELIO O. GAMARA, Engineer II ERWIN KIM P. MERCADO, Engineer I AZYLEAH C. ABINO, Project Evaluation Officer I HONEYBETH M. PAULETE, Project Evaluation Officer I GEORGE S. VOLANTE, Engineer I ARCHILLES R. DELA CRUZ, Clerk III SOLEDAD A. REYES, Project Evaluation Officer III JUDITH F. CASTILLO, Project Development Officer III

The completion of this Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan was also made possible with the active involvement of the following LLDA staff who contributed their valuable time and effort: JACQUELINE N. DAVO, LO III, ED VAL ABLAZA, Special Agent II, ED ERIBERTA WAGAN, LO II, CPD BERNADETTE VALLE, Engineer I, SMD JUAN ESTOY, LO II, SMD DIEGO REYES, LO I, SMD ZENAIDA LAPUZ, Attorney III, LAD JOFEL MONTE, Attorney II, LAD MA. ANA D. SANTOS, Attorney I, LAD BILEYNNIE ENCARNACION, Biologist II, ELRD CRISPINA MUAN, CDO III, CDD FLORITA MOREDO, CDO II, CDD BRANDO ANGELES, CDO I, CDD JEANETTE BEATRIZ, PO I MAUREEN TOLENTINO, PRO II, PIU-OGM MARIAM USMAN, PRO I, PIU-OGM ROSE BONIFACIO, CDO I, ILRD


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THE PDMED IN ACTION

Laguna Lake Development Authority

Project Development, Management and Evaluation Division

Visioning Session for the Formulation of Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan

27-28 March 2014

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

NAME OFFICE DESIGNATION

1. Ms. Donnalyn B. Eseo Tourism Officer III San Pablo City Tourism Office

2. Mr. Victor Anyayahan Seven Lakes FARMC Seven Lakes FARMC Chairman

3. Mr. Edilberto Mangubat Seven Lakes FARMC Coordinator

4. Ms. Cristina Abrigo Pandin Lakewide FARMC President

5. Mr. Feliciano Arinda -do-

6. Ms. Gina Tolentino -do-

7. Ms. Lolita Sales -do

8. Ms. Marion T. Caperina -do-

9. Ms. Lina M. Salian -do-

10. Ms. Jamila Pancha City Government of San Pablo

11. Ms. Andrea O. Teodoro Sampalok Lakewide

FARMC

12. Dr. Lope Calanog Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (ERDB

13. Ms. Jasmin Hizon Sangguniang Barangay of

Sto. Anghel, San Pablo City

Secretary

14. Ms. Leonor Poserio PDMED,LLDA OIC

15. Ms. Maureen Tolentino PIU,LLDA PRO-II

16. Ms. Mariam Usman PIU,LLDA PRO-I

17. Engr. Bernadette Valle SMD, LLDA

18. Atty. Jofel Monte LAD, LLDA Attorney II

19. Ms. Rose Bonifacio ILRD,LLDA CDO I

RESOURCE SPEAKERS/FACILITATORS

NAME OFFICE DESIGNATION

1. Atty. Maria Paz Luna Tanggol Kalikasan Lawyer

2. Ms. Vida Gonzales

-do- Project Director

3. Ms. Zeny Bernal

-do- Project Officer

4. Mr. Raymond Villalon

-do- Assistant Program Officer

ANNEX D-3 Goals and Objectives for the Development and

Management of Lake Pandin GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: Goal 1: (Eco-Tourism) Ang bawat turista ay nasiyahan sa mga natutunan at naranasan sa Lawa ng Pandin Objectives:

1. Sa loob ng 2 taon, mayroong “knowledge center” na may sapat na pantustos para mapangalagaan at mapanatili ang center at may tagapamahala na may kakayahang mangalap ng pondo at mag-update ng mga datos.

2. Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol sa halaman, hayop at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makakasagot sa lahat ng tanong ng mga turista at magiging destinasyon ng mga turista at mga estudyante. Ang nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, d) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) Cultural presentation (Santacruzan sa lawa na maging bahagi ng Gawain ng CHP)

3. Mapag-ibayo ang magandang serbisyo at pakikitungo sa mga turista Goal 2: (Water Quality) Mapanatili na Class C ang kalidad ng tubig lawa

Objectives:

1. Sa loob ng 2 taon ay tukoy na ang lahat ng pinanggagalingan ng polusyon.

2. Sa loob ng 2 taon may mamamayang may kakayanang magsuri ng kalidad ng tubig sa

pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan

Goal 3: (Reforestation) Matamnan ang kagubatan ng namumulaklak at namumungang punong kahoy at maging prime tourist destination sa Laguna Objective:

1. Sa loob ng 5 taon ay makapagtanim sa 20 hektayang lupa (4 hektarya kada taon) ng mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim (species): (timber trees- Narra, golden shower, fire tree) (fruit-bearing trees- Durian, Jackfruit, Guyabano, rambutan, lansones, macopa, Yambo, mangga, bayabas-malaki) Tabi ng lawa- bangkal at kawayan

Goal 4: (Livelihood) Ttumaas ang kita mula sa ekoturismo at tumaas ang antas ng pamumuhay ng bawat miyembro ng samahan at ng kanilang pamilya

Objectives:

1. Dagdagan ng mga mapapaglibangan tulad ng paggawa ng eco-park (hal. Butterfly garden, eco-trail)

2. Magdagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na pwedeng ipagbenta 3. Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin 4. Dagdagan ang kaalaman (training ) ng mga samahan

Goal 5: (Policy/Law Enforcement) Mapanatili ang kaayusan at katiwasayan sa lawa Objective:

1. Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at makapagpatupad ng ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa dumi ng lahat ng uri ng hayop, basura, kapayapaan at kaayusan at kaligtasan ng lokal na mamamayan at ng mga turista

Goal 6: Mapanatili, maipasa/maisalin, maipalaganap at maipagmalaki ang kultura at tradisyong “San Pableño” Objective:

1. Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural Heritage Center” kung saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang kultura, kasaysayan, at tradisyon ng mga San Pableño na maaring maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, d) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) Cultural presentation

ANNEX D-4

Activities Identified by the Stakeholders under the Formulated Goals and Objectives

for Lake Pandin Development and Management Plan

Group 1

GOAL 1: (TOURISM) ANG BAWAT TURISTA AY NASIYAHAN SA MGA NATUTUNAN AT NARANASAN SA LAWA NG PANDIN

Objective #1 Sa loob ng 2 taon, mayroong “knowledge center” na may sapat na pantustos para mapangalagaan at mapanatili ang center at may tagapamahala na may

kakayahang mangalap ng pondo at mag-update ng mga datos.

Activities:

1. Sa loob ng isang buwan, matapos maaprubahan ang planong ito, bumuo ng grupo na

maghahanap/tutukoy ng lugar kung saan itatayo ang “knowledge center” malapit sa Pandin

2. Makipag-ugnayan/koordinasyon ang Pandin FARMC, LGU at LLDA sa may ari ng lupa upang magkaroon ng kaukulang permiso/pahintulot na makapagtayo ng “knowledge center” malapit sa Pandin Lake.

3. Maitayo ang ‘knowledge center’ na may supply ng kuryente (pwedeng solar), tubig, at mga kagamitan sa loob ng dalawang (2) taon.

4. Mangalap ng pondo/suporta mula sa mga public o private source para sa pagpapatayo ng KC at pagkalap ng mga kagamitan para sa KC (projector set, tables and chairs, sound

system, etc.) Fund Raising activities:

a. solicitation

b. palaro – paliga, karera ng balsa 5. Sa kalagitnaan ng pagtatayo ng KC, tukuyin na ang tao sa KC na mamamahala

(volunteer muna) na papayag na libre (pero may konting allowance) muna sa loob ng 1 taon

Objective #2 Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol sa halaman,

hayop at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makakasagot sa lahat ng tanong ng mga turista at magiging destinasyon ng mga turista at mga estudyante. Ang

nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, d) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) Cultural presentation (Santacruzan sa

lawa na maging bahagi ng Gawain ng CHP)

Activities:

1. Humingi ng kopya ng mga ginawang pag-aaral mula sa mga institusyon (UPLB, LLDA,

SPC Tourism Office, NHI) 2. Maibahagi sa mga taga Pandin na “tour guides” ang mga kaalaman (datos) na nakalap

Objective #3 Mapag-ibayo ang magandang serbisyo at pakikitungo sa mga turista

Activities:

1. Isaayos at dagdagan ang mga signages (ex. billboards) sa Pandin na mag ga-guide sa

mga turista sa kanilang pag-stay sa Pandin

2. Magkaroon ng pagsasanay (training mula sa SPC Tourism Office) ang mga taga Pandin sa basic to intermediate tour-guiding.

3. Magkaroon ng regular na pagsasanay at refresher courses sa Basic Life Support, Water Search and Rescue/First Aid

4. Magkaroon ng uniporme at ID ang mga otorisadong personnel ng Pandin tourism.

5. Magtalaga ng mga araw para sa monthly meeting ng samahan, training at refresher course ng mga tao

6. Within 6 months, magkaroon ng pag-uusap at pag-aayos ang may-ari ng lupa, LLDA, LGU at barangay para sa pagsasa-ayos ng lugar para sa parking space, at regulasyon

para sa parking fee at iba pang mga sinisingil sa mga turista. 7. Siguruhin na may maayos na daanan ang mga turista papunta sa lawa

Group 2

GOAL: 2 (WATER QUALITY) MAPANATILI NA CLASS C ANG KALIDAD NG TUBIG LAWA

Objective #1 Sa loob ng 2 taon ay tukoy na ang lahat ng pinanggagalingan ng polusyon.

Activities:

1. Magsagawa ng isang survey para tukuyin ang mga maaaring pinanggalingan ng polusyon ng lawa na isasagawa ng bubuoing committee: Committee Composition- LLDA,

FARMC, LGU-SB (Sto. Angel), Tourism LGU, City ENRO.

Objective #2 Sa loob ng 2 taon may mamamayang may kakayanang magsuri ng kalidad ng tubig sa pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan

Activities:

1. Magbuo ng isang committee na magmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig na aprubado ng LLDA (mga simpleng monitoring parameters na pag-iisipan ng committee)

2. Magkaroon ng mga trainings, procurement ng mga simpleng testing kit para sa pagsusuri ng tubig.

3. Magsagawa ng buwanang pagmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig na isusumite sa ELRD ng LLDA

(Ang resulta ng pagsusuri ng kalidad ng dapat maibigay sa lahat ng stakeholders ng

lawa-resulta ng committee at regular na namo-monitor ng LLDA) 4. Humanap/humingi ng tulong (grants) para sa pagmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig

GOAL 3: (REFORESTATION) MATAMNAN ANG KAGUBATAN NG NAMUMULAKLAK AT

NAMUMUNGANG PUNONG KAHOY AT MAGING PRIME TOURIST DESTINATION SA LAGUNA

Objective #1 Sa loob ng 5 taon ay makapagtanim sa 20 hektayang lupa (4 hektarya kada taon) ng mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim (species): (timber trees- Narra,

golden shower, fire tree) (fruit-bearing trees- Durian, Jackfruit, Guyabano, rambutan, lansones, macopa, Yambo, mangga, bayabas-malaki) Tabi ng lawa-

bangkal at kawayan Activities: (Sa Unang Taon)

1. Alamin ng survey para malaman ang tinutukoy na 20 ektaryang tataniman ng mga

namumulaklak at namumungang punong kahoy. 2. Magkaron ng pag-uusap sa mga nasasakupan ng 20 ektarya (sa mga pribadong

nagmamay-ari) 3. Magsagawa ng pagsusuri ng lupa upang malaman ang mga suited na species ng

pananim (species site suitability)

4. Magkaroon ng MOA signing sa mga pribadong lupain (detalye ng mga kasunduan ay lalamanin ng MOA)

(Pangalawa hanggang Limang Taon)

5. Paghahanap ng mga pananim (posibleng panggalingan ng pananim – LLDA, DENR, LGUs,

NGOs

6. Pagtatatag ng mga nurseries para sa reforestation ng Pandin 7. Magkaroon ng pagpaplano ukol sa tamang pagtatanim (planting design, spacing,

species) 8. Actual na pagsasagawa ng tree planting.

9. Regular na pagmo-monitor ng mga naitanim na punongkahoy. 10. Pag-aralan kung paano ireresolba ang mga suliranin sa mga sakit ng mga puno gaya ng

“cocolisap”

Group 3

GOAL 4: LIVELIHOOD/ECOTOURISM) TUMAAS ANG KITA MULA SA EKOTURISMO AT TUMAAS ANG ANTAS NG PAMUMUHAY NG BAWAT MIYEMBRO NG SAMAHAN AT NG

KANILANG PAMILYA

Objective #1 Dagdagan ng mga mapapaglibangan tulad ng paggawa ng eco-park (hal. Butterfly garden, eco-trail)

Activities:

1. Pagtatalaga ng isa (o higit pa) na “fishcage” bilang lugar kung saan maaring mamingwit ang mga turista (fishcage fishing)

2. Horseback riding mula sa parking area papunta sa Lawa ng Pandin (kalesa o paragos)

Note: Beautification of path towards Pandin Lake-more vegetation 3. Siguruhing ang Regular Maintenance ng mga bamboo raft/balsa

4. Maglagay ng hagdan mula sa Pandin to Yambo Lake

Objective # 2 Magdagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na pwedeng ipagbenta

Activities

1. Pagkakaroon ng isang herbal garden/healing garden na maaari ring pagkakitaan 2. Pagbebenta ng cultured/indigenous ornamental plants at native products 3. Pagtatayo ng food at fruit cart (kakanin in green packaging, walang junk foods)

Objectives #3 Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin

Activities

1. Pamimigay ng leaflets/flyers bilang promosyon ng Eco-tourism ng Lawa ng Pandin

2. Promosyon ng Ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin sa mga telebisyon, radyo at pahayagan 3. Makipag-ugnayan sa DILG para sa Proyektong “Salintubig” upang magkaroon ng malinis

na tubig inumin

4. Pag-aralan ang mga bukal bilang karagdagang pagkukunan ng inuming tubig

Objectives #4 Dagdagan ang kaalaman (training ) ng mga samahan

Activities

1. Mabigyan ng dagdag kaalaman ang mga namamahala sa Lawa ng pandin tungkol sa: pagtu-tour guide, first aid, DRRM, Food safety/proper handling/preparation, leadership/gender sensitivity, writeshop on fund raising, atbp.

2. Makakuha ng dagdag na kagamitan para sa first aid 3. Makabuo ng kooperatiba mula sa mga samahan

Group 4

GOAL 5: (POLICY/LAW ENFORCEMENT) MAPANATILI ANG KAAYUSAN AT KATIWASAYAN SA LAWA

Objective #1 Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at makapagpatupad ng ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa

dumi ng lahat ng uri ng hayop, basura, kapayapaan at kaayusan at kaligtasan ng lokal na mamamayan at ng mga turista

Activities:

1. Barangay General Assembly

©PUBLIC CONSULTATION NG MGA SUMUSUNOD: Proposed Ordinances

Pagtatapon ng basura at pagdumi ng mga hayop at tao sa tubig

Pagbabawal ng Paggamit ng kuryente at lason sa pangingisda

Easement Development at Right of Way

Panuntunan para sa Kaligtasan o Public Safety and Precaution

Ordinansa para sa Cultural Heritage Program

2. Regular meeting ng mga samahang namamahala sa Lawa ng Pandin 3. Coordination (LGU, National Agencies at LLDA)

4. Information and Education Campaign sa mga Ordinansang ipapatupad at Pandin Lake Management Plan

5. Bumuo ng mga Tagapagpatupad gaya ng Task Forces (Multi-Sectoral at Multi Agencies Task Forces)

GOAL 6: MAPANATILI, MAIPASA/MAISALIN, MAPALAGANAP AT MAIPAGMALAKI ANG KULTURA AT TRADISYONG “SAN PABLEÑO”

Objectives # 1: Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural

Heritage Center” kung saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang

kultura, kasaysayan, at tradisyon ng mga San Pableño na maaring

maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang

nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa

mga sumusunod: a) Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang

lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, d) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) Cultural

presentation

Activities:

1. Formulation ng isang Cultural Heritage Program (CHP) lead by LGU

2. Coordination with DEPED, DOT, DPWH, DSWD and other relevant agencies to help

implement of CHP

3. Production and distribution of IEC materials related to CHP

ANNEX I-2

Institutional Outputs of the Sustainability Plan Workshop on the Formulation of Pandin

Lake Development and Management Plan

04 September 2014

A. LGU – City Government of San Pablo

Mandates RA 7160 – Local Government Code RA 9593 – Tourism Act

Local Ordinance No. 2011-08 Resolution on San Pablo City Tourism Master Plan

Duties and Responsibilities 1. City Tourism Office (CHATO)

- Develop, implement, and regulate tourism plans and programs

- Monitor tourism services of the City - Promote tourist destinations of the City - Propose allocation of funds for tourist

development of the city 2. City ENRO

- Enforce environmental laws - Submit recommendations to the LCE and

Sangguniang Panglunsod

- Promote activities directed towards environmental protection and preservations

- Source/outsource funds when needed 3. CPDO

- Updating of CLUP - M&E of plans and programs implementation

Resources Being Provided 1. Human Resources

- CHATO – 6 permanent personnel, 2 casual employees

- CENRO – full complement of office organization

- CPDO – 4 permanent personnel (ANA) 2. Technical Advice

- Recording of tourist arrival - Design of facilities (comfort rooms, bamboo raft) - Promotional strategy

- IEC – tourism and environmental awareness

Resources Needed for Pandin Lake

PhP 1.7 M – construction of facilities and training PhP 1.0 M – general promotion (website, brochures, TV

ads, signage PhP 12.0 M – infrastructure/road network

Regulated Communities - Private landowners – cooperation in tourism

development - Private entrepreneurs – ensure that businesses are

operated within the bounds of law - Tour operators – regulate charging

NOTE: All should cooperate to attain sustainable tourism

B. LLDA

Mandates RA 4850

Duties and Responsibilities - Uphold sustainable development of the LDB Region

- Regulation - Conservation, protection, preservation of LDB

Region resources - Pandin Lake Development and Management

Plan – lead, oversee, linkages Manpower,

logistics

Resources Being Provided - Manpower, logistics


- PhP 5.0 M - Full time staff

Regulated Communities - LGU

- FARMC - Industries/Commercial establishments

C. Seven Crater Lakes Watershed Management Council

Mandates LLDA Board Resolution No. 114, S. 1999

Duties and Responsibilities - Formulate policies, plans and programs for the

protection, conservation and restoration of the seven crater lakes’ watershed

- Environmental advocacy - Resource generation - Monitoring of sources of pollution and detrimental

activities in the seven crater lakes

Resources Being Provided - Manpower – 15 members


- PhP 50,000.00/month - Mobilization of students (IEC, tree planting)

Regulated Communities - Residents of Lake Pandin - compliance to laws,

rules and regulations (solid wastes)

D. FARMC

Mandates RA 8550*

Duties and Responsibilities - Nagpapasunod ng fishery code (illegal fishing, illegal structure)

- Pangangalaga sa natural na likas yaman (natural environment)

- Pagmimintina ng kalinisan ng lawa - Pangangalaga at pagbibigay inpormasyon sa

mga taong may nais malaman tungkol sa lawa

Resources Being Provided - Manpower – binubuo ng 21 bangkera (SKMBLP)

at mangingisda (SMLP)


- Depende sa pangangailangan ng hanap-buhay at maskakatulong sa pagpapa-unlad ng antas ng

pamumuhay (pangisdaan at turismo)

Regulated Communities - SMLP at bangkera - cleanliness - Bantay Lawa – pagbabawal sa mga gumagawa

ng illegal - Barangay Police – peace and order

Institutions - LLDA - BFAR

- Sangguniang Barangay - Governor’s Office - City Mayor’s Office

- City Tourism Office - Mr. Mandy Mariño (concerned citizen)

- Fundacion Santiago - SPC Medical Society - IATSS

- Rotary Club - Media

- ATIKHA - Tangqgol Kalikasan

*As per RA 8550, the following are the functions of M/CFARMC: 1) Recommendatory body composed of

representatives of government, fisherfolk, and NGOs, 2) Assist in the preparation of municipal fisheries

development plan, 3) Recommend enactment of fishery ordinances, 4) Assist in the enforcement of fishery laws,

rules and regulations, and 5) Advise the Sangguniang Panglunsod on fishery matters

ANNEXES TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN OF LAKE PANDIN

Annex J-4

pandin lake development and management...

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